Coriolis Effect

an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force

(the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of
rotation. On the earth, the effect tends to deflect moving objects to the right in the
northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern and is important in the
formation of cyclonic weather systems.

ITCZ
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is a belt of low pressure which circles
the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterized by convective activity
which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas.
belt of converging trade winds and rising air that encircles the Earth near the
Equator. The rising air produces high cloudiness, frequent thunderstorms, and heavy
rainfall; the doldrums, oceanic regions of calm surface air, occur within the zone.
The ITCZ shifts north and south seasonally with the Sun. Over the Indian Ocean, it
undergoes especially large seasonal shifts of 4045 of latitude.

A typhoon develops from the combination of a warm sea surface, atmospheric

turmoil, intense humidity, enough Coriolis force to create a low pressure center, low
vertical wind shear, and an already existing low level focus or disturbance.

The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of strong tropical cyclones.
The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 3065 km (2040 miles) in
diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where
the most severe weather occurs.

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that
surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere
protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface
through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes
between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation).

Exosphere: 700 to 10,000 km (440 to 6,200 miles)

Thermosphere: 80 to 700 km (50 to 440 miles)
Mesosphere: 50 to 80 km (31 to 50 miles)
Stratosphere: 12 to 50 km (7 to 31 miles)
Troposphere: 0 to 12 km (0 to 7 miles)

A low-pressure area, low or depression, is a region where the atmospheric pressure

is lower than that of surrounding locations. Low-pressure systems form under areas
of wind divergence that occur in the upper levels of the troposphere. The formation
process of a low-pressure area is known as cyclogenesis. Within the field of
meteorology, atmospheric divergence aloft occurs in two areas. The first area is on
the east side of upper troughs, which form half of a Rossby wave within the
Westerlies (a trough with large wavelength that extends through the troposphere). A
second area of wind divergence aloft occurs ahead of embedded shortwave troughs,
which are of smaller wavelength. Diverging winds aloft ahead of these troughs
cause atmospheric lift within the troposphere below, which lowers surface pressures
as upward motion partially counteracts the force of gravity.

A high-pressure area, high or anticyclone is a region where the atmospheric

pressure at the surface of the planet is greater than its surrounding environment.
Winds within high-pressure areas flow outward from the higher pressure areas near
their centers towards the lower pressure areas further from their centers.