Gen. Math. Notes, Vol. 31, No. 2, December 2015, pp.

29-33
c
ISSN 2219-7184; Copyright ICSRS
Publication, 2015
www.i-csrs.org
Available free online at http://www.geman.in

The Derivation of a Goldstein Formula

L.J. Crane1 and A.G. McVeigh2
1,2

Institute for Numerical Computation and Analysis

Suite 6, 5 Clarinda Park North, D
un Laoghaire
Dublin, Ireland
2
E-mail: gotham1961@gmail.com
(Received: 19-10-15 / Accepted: 28-11-15)

Abstract
This technical note presents the derivation of an integral function credited
to Goldstein [2] in 1932 and recently employed in the authors previous work [1]
in Archive of Applied Mechanics. The particular form of this improper integral
is developed using techniques involving contour integration and the calculus of
residues.
Keywords: Bingham Number, Slip Flow, Inversion Theorem, Laplace
Transform.

Introduction

The problem of axially-symmetric slip flow generated by an infinite cylinder

undergoing impulsive motion was recently investigated by Crane and McVeigh
[1]. In accounting for momentum slip close to the cylinder wall, they obtained
the non-dimensional shear stress analytically in terms of the Bingham number,
Bn, in the cases where the cylinder moved under both uniform velocity and
acceleration. In denoting the non-dimensional variables of axial velocity, cylinder radius and time by U , R and T , respectively, they presented the unsteady
Navier Stokes momentum equation as follows:
U
1
=
T
R R



U
R
R

(1)

30

L.J. Crane et al.

subject to, for T > 0

UR=1+

=1+
2

U
R


, U 0 as R

(2)

R=1+

and, for T > 0:

U = 0 for R > 1

(3)

where is an empirically-derived slip-length parameter. In this work, the

Laplace transform of f (T ) is the function f(p); taken to be:
Z
exp(pT )f (T )dT = f(p)
L {f (T )} =
0

Now, investigating radiating heat flow from an infinite region of constant initial temperature and bounded internally by a circular cylinder, Goldstein [2],
derived the transform:



p)
K
(
1
0

(p)
=
1+ 0
(4)

pK0 ( p) K0 ( p)
where K0 denotes the modified Bessel function of the second kind of order 0,
and in the work herein, Crane and McVeigh [1] specify
= 2. The associated
inverse is thus:


Z
exp(b2 T )
1
4
(T ) =
db
(5)

2 0
b
(bJ1 + J0 /
)2 + (bY1 + Y0 /
) 2
where J0 and J1 are cylindrical Bessel functions of the first kind of order 0 and
1, respectively and where Y0 and Y1 denote the cylindrical Bessel functions of
the first kind having order 0 and 1. Accordingly, Crane and McVeigh [1], give:
Bn =

2
(T )

and
2
Bn =
T

(uniform velocity)

(6)

(uniform acceleration)

(7)

(T )dT
0

Derivation

From (4), the complex inversion integral is:

#


Z +i "
K0 p
1
1
(T ) =
1+ 0


exp(pt)dp,
2i i p

pK0 p K0 p

t > 0 (8)

31

The Derivation of a Goldstein Formula

The integration in (8) is to be performed along a line, p = , in the complex

plane where p is a point having coordinates (x + iy). The real number, , is
to be so large that all singularities of the integrand lie to the left of the line
(-i, +i). Since p = 0 is a branch point of the integrand, the adjoining
Bromwich contour is chosen as the integration path (Fig. 1). This comprises

iy

+i

p=

-i

1.pdf
Figure 1: The modified Bromwich contour

the line AB (p = + iy), the arcs BDE and LN A of a circle of radius R and
centre at (0, 0), and the arc HJK of a circle of radius, , with centre at (0, 0).
Set
Z

(T ) =

+
AB

BDE

EH

Z
+

HJK

Z
+

KL

(9)
LN A

and since the only singularity, p = 0, of the integrand is not inside the contour, the integral on the left is zero by Cauchys theorem. Further, it is readily
shown that, as R tends to infinity, the integrals along BDE and LN A vanish
in the limit. Along the inner circle, HJK, where p = exp(i), then, on taking
the limit as  becomes vanishingly small:
Z
(T ) =

Z
=i

HJK


K0 (0)
1
d = 0
K0 (0)

(10)

32

L.J. Crane et al.

and so,
Z

Z
=

AB

EH

(11)
KL

Along the path, EH, where p = xexp(i) = x:

Z
EH

1
=
i



K0 (ib)
exp(b2 t)
db
1+
b
i
bK00 (ib) K0 (ib)

(12)

Introducing the identities:

1
1
ib = bexp( ) and K00 (ib) = [J1 (b) + iY1 (b)]
2
2
so that, along EH, as R and  0:


Z
Z
1 0 exp(b2 t)

b (J1 + iY1 )
=
db
i
b

bJ1 J0 + i (Y0 +
bY1 )
EH

(13)

and, on taking the complex conjugate, then:

Z
=
EH
 2 2 2

Z
1 0 exp(b2 t)
b (J1 + Y12 ) +
b (J0 J1 + Y0 Y1 ) + i
b (J1 Y0 J0 Y1 )
db
i
b
2
b (Y0 Y1 + J0 J1 ) +
2 b2 (J12 + Y12 ) + J02 + Y02
(14)
Similarly, for the path KL, where p = xexp(i) = x.
Z
=
KL
 2 2 2

Z
b (J1 + Y12 ) +
1 exp(b2 t)
b (J0 J1 + Y0 Y1 ) + i
b (J0 Y1 J1 Y0 )
db
i 0
b
2
b (Y0 Y1 + J0 J1 ) +
2 b2 (J12 + Y12 ) + J02 + Y02
(15)
Denoting the real and imaginary parts of the integrand in (14) by Re(A) and
Im(A), respectively; likewise, for KL in (15) respectively by Re(B) and Im(B),
so that (11) can be written:
Z
Z
(T ) =

EH

1
=
i

Z
0

KL

1
exp(b2 t)
[Re(A) + Im(A)] db
b
i

Z
0

exp(b2 t)
[Re(B) + Im(B)] db
b
(16)

The Derivation of a Goldstein Formula

and so, from (14) and (15), Re(A)=Re(B) and Im(A)=-Im(B); hence:
Z
2 exp(b2 t)
(T ) =
Im(A)db
i 0
b
where
Im(A) =

i
b (J1 Y0 J0 Y1 )
2
b (Y0 Y1 + J0 J1 ) +
2 b2 (J12 + Y12 ) + J02 + Y02

33

(17)

(18)

Introducing the identities:

Y00 = Y1 and J00 = J1
and, using the Wronskian relation:
J0 Y00 Y0 J00 = 2/b
returns (17) as the real-valued function, that is:
4

(T ) = 2



exp(b2 t)
db
b
2
b (Y0 Y1 + J0 J1 ) +
2 b2 (J12 + Y12 ) + J02 + Y02
(19)

and finally, following some algebra, Goldsteins result (5) is recovered; namely:
4
(T ) =

Z
0



exp(b2 t)
1
db
b
(bJ1 + J0 /
)2 + (bY1 + Y0 /
) 2

(20)

References
[1] L.J. Crane and A.G. McVeigh, Slip flow along an impulsively started
cylinder, Arch. Appl. Mech., 85(2015), 831-836.
[2] S. Goldstein, Some two-dimensional diffusion problems with circular symmetry, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., 2(34) (1932), 51-88.