Three Decades to bring the solution for Waste management

Real, live & Piratical & commercially viable

By Rajesh Kumar, Harish Kumar (Power), Amit

There has been more than 2000 pants operating in the world, where as there is only
one commercially running pant in the seventh largest country catering the worlds
one seventh of population. But in the recent years there has been thrust for the
waste to waste to energy projects. These projects were started long back in 1986 in
Delhi by Timarpur waste management company with Help & aid of Government of
Denmark. It operated for 21 days. Whereas it took another 25 years for the
commissioning of the most successful plant to sort the waste, TOWMCL is the live
example. This plant sorted all the myths in the industry & given a ray of hope to
develop the solutions for the modern India. In past 3-4 years there have been thrust
for the WtE Plants, because of the government interventions. A distinct effort
towards making the urban localities clean and sustainable, the Govt. of India
launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014, covering 4041 statutory towns,
to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. The SBM recommends
preparation of city sanitation plan and state sanitation strategy and highlights the
importance of few of the project that are finically unviable as on date. Such as
improvisation of the waste collected form the door steps, waste form the sanitation
& C&D waste are the few major waste sources that need to be target for the swatch
Baharat abhiyan 2019.
Urban India generates 188,500 ton per day (68.8 million tonnes per year 1) of
municipal solid waste (MSW) Collection is the basic part that cover the one side of
the coin other side is the disposal in most effective environmental friendly manner.
Most metropolitan cities have the fairly good collection system in the city but the
waste goes to the dump site where the pile of heaps are piling up. As per the survey
Delhi alone generate the more that 8000 MT of waste per day & same has being
growing at the higher pace due the change in the lifestyle of the society. Same is
adding the stress on the land. Waste landfills in the India are highly un-organized &
doesnt abide the international stringent norms. Thus same is stressing the
environment too. Waste in these land fill over the time generates the methane &
leachate as two most deadly substances. Methane is having the almost 100 times
higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide. Leachate on other hand is
highly carcogenenic if not treated will lead to the numerous of the diseases, as
1

http://swmindia.blogspot.in/2012/01/municipal-solid-waste-msw-generation-in.html

landfills are not monitored this has tendency to seep in the ground water bed that
can led to the ecological balance.
Present potential in the various states with projects are tabulated with the active
states & number of implemented projects.
Table 1: Estimated* waste generation in the country state-wise

Sr.
No
.

Name of the
State / UT

Andaman &
Nicobar
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chandigarh
Chhattisgarh
Daman Diu &
Dadra
Delhi
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Lakshadweep
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Puducherry
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
2
3

MSW MT/ day

Class I
Class II
cities
Towns

As per DESL data bank

As per DESL data bank

Total

MSW MT/
day
(2012)

70

3943
-

433
-

4376
-

11500
180.83

196
1479
200
-

89
340
-

285
1819
200
-

650
1670
340
1896
85

4000
3805
623

427
102

4000
4232
725

35

3118
1220
2286
8589
40
35
46
646
60
1001
1768
5021

Active
states2

Running
projects3
ON WtE
OR MSW
facilities

Y
Y

7500
183
8336
3490
1370

35

1792

160
78
398

3278
1298
2684

4450
6500
1576
21
5079

Y
Y
Y
Y

510
9
9
265
198
382

9099
40
35
46
655
69
1266
1966
5403

17000
176
268
552
270
2383
495
3853
5037
40
14532

Upcomin
g

1+

Y
Y

3+

31
32
33
34

Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttaranchal
West Bengal
Total

33
5515
4475
48134

445
146
3991

33
5960
4621
52125

360
19180
1251
8674
133760

Source: CPCB, Annual Report, 2013

* Does not include waste picked up by Kabadiwala at the doorstep and the rag
pickers.
The capacity of waste is determined by the population, as the waste cannot be
transported like coal & natural gas thus these plants are localized & capacity is
governed by the population & waste quantity. There are different technologies those
are available for the process. However the efficiency of the all are different.
Whereas the
Table 2: Population based Technological options to Manage MSW in a Variety of Towns and
Cities4

Sr
.
N
o.
1

Populat
ion
range

Waste
Gen.T
PD

Compositi
on

Technological
options

Approximate cost
(excluding land
cost)

IR5R

Above
2 Million

>1100
TPD

Biodegrada
bles 35 to
50 %

IWP comprising
-BM +CC+ RDF
W to E plant for
power, based
on: gasification,
pyrolysis,
incineration and
mass burning.

Rs 12-15 cr per MW6

RDF
based13-20%

500 TPD based

on: gasification,
pyrolysis,
incineration and
mass burning.
RDF to cement
industry
Plastic Pyrolysis
to fuel oil
RDF preparation
compost
culturing,
Biomethenation
Plastic Pyrolysis

Rs 5-8 Cr per 100 t/d

of MSW
Rs 16 crore per 10
tonne of plastic
(pyrolysis technology)

1 M to
2 Million

550 to
1100
TPD

Biodegrada
bles 40 to
55 %

1 lakh to
10 lakh

30 to
550
TPD

Biodegrada
bles 40 to
55 %

4
5
6

Rs 16 crore per 10
tonne of plastic
(pyrolysis technology)

Cost for BM, CC and

RDF as above
Rs 20 lakh per 50kg
capacity / shift
catalytic conversion
technology for plastic
waste to liquid fuel.
Rs 16 crore per 10
tonne of plastic

Dependin
g upon
the
revenue
streams
Mass
incinerati
on RDF
based
12-15%

Gasificati
on
9-13%

http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_wte1205.pdf
Subject to financial assumptions all values are as per DESL data bank for the past projects
DESL data bank live project case

(pyrolysis technology)

50,000
to
1 Lakh

10 to
30
TPD

Biodegrada
bles 45 to
60 %

Catalytic
conversion,
composting ,
plastic pyrolysis

Less
than
50,000

Less
than
10

Biodegrada
bles 45 to
65 %

Composting

Rs 20 lakh per 50kg

capacity / shift
catalytic conversion
technology for plastic
waste to liquid fuel.
Rs 16 crore per 10
tonne of plastic
(pyrolysis technology)
Rs 20 lakh per 50kg
capacity / shift
catalytic conversion
technology for plastic
waste to liquid fuel

NA

All the calculations are irrespective of the present scenario if the government grants
& MSW tipping fee etc are adding up, Even SWM & MoEF fund corpus of 1.5 Trillion
INR will aid this further. Development of the Technologies in India (Made in India
initiative) is adding to lower cost of the projects. This will further improve the
financial aspects. New revenues lines are adding as the higher price for the
compost.
DESL is one of the company pioneer in the field of the Waste in India, working since
2009, has successfully designed & commissioned projects net of 69 MW. Also DESL
is involved in the other actives as lenders engineers, consultants to the Banks &
financial institutions in the past in this subject.
Table 3: DESL experience in Waste7

Waste
manage
ment
study

Incinera
tion

Knowled
ge
paper

Feasibili
ty study

Basic
engineer

Gasifica
tion

Anaerobic
digestion/Sy
ngas

Fu
el
Ce
ll

Plasma
gasifica
tion

As on date, Several tenders in pipe line

RD
F

ing
Detail
engineer
ing

EPM

EPCM
Number
of
projects