. 7 Contents Modals and Similar Expressions 1. Invak’s Dilenwa 2 lwok's Womes .. 3 The Green Children of Woolpit: ....-cessececsseressreesreseenees 8 4 Mawgaret Cavendish ... S Check What You Know.. TEST YOURSELF 1 ... TEST YOURSELF 2 ... LEARN THESE PHRASAL VERBS .....:ccsccessssrereeerseeereseenee 45 PARAGRAPH STUDIES .....cssccseesssersesnerseessssenrssseosenserseee 45NA 1. twak’s Dilewwa Read the passage below and then circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence from the dialogue. Pay attention to the meaning of the modal in the context. Inmak is 17 years old and is coming to the end of her high school years and trying to decide on what she will study at university. She talks to Sonia, a family friend who is 10 years ) Modals and Similar Expressions older than her, in order to get some advice about what fo do. a~OeF trmak: Sonia: Irmak: Sonia: Irmak: Sonia: drmak: Sonia: Inmak: Sonia: Irmak: Sonia: Irmak: Sonia: Inmak: Sonia: trmak: Sonia: Imak: Sonia: Inmak: Sonia: Inmak: Sonia: Inmak: Sonia: Inmak: Sonia: Inmak: ‘Sonia: t'm not sure what to study at university. What do you think | should do? Well, fist of all, you have to think about the things you're interested in. What do you like? I guess you must mean what subjects | like at school, right? That's one thing to look at, yes. ‘Well, | ike math and science, | suppose, especially physics. What could | do with those? There are lots of things! But would you rather do something practical with them, or something theoretical? Honestly? Well, obviously you've got to be honest with me! Honestly, then, | would prefer to do something theoretical. But I'm sure I can’t make any money doing that. Don't be so sure! It limits your choices somewhat, but there are still a lot of things you could do. For instance, there are opportunities in theoretical physics and mathematics. Judging from that frown on your face, you must not be so certain ... Well, to be honest, you might have a difficult time finding jobs outside of a university. That wouldn't be so bad, though. What about the practical side of things? Quite a few more jobs would open up. Engineering, for instance. ‘Yuck, engineering! | would rather be unemployed than be an engineer! Why's that? Every engineer I've ever met has been a really asocial weirdo. And how many engineers have you met? Um ... three or four ... ‘You know, you really mustn't judge all engineers on the basis of three or four. Alright, alright, point taken. You don't have to give me a lecture about stereotyping. Don't worry, | won't. Is there anything else you're interested in? Um ... !love music, | guess. Aimost everybody does, though. n what way do you love music? | don't know. I've studied piano for quite a few years, and I just like the way different notes sound together. Even before | started playing, | used to just press random piano keys down to see what sounds might come out. | still do, actually. Acoustics! Yeah, the word means “sound”. No! | mean, you could study acoustics. Musical acoustics. It's a kind of science that studies the physics of music and musical instruments. ‘That sounds great! But where on earth in Turkey do they offer that subject? That's a good question .. SSP english Language Studies4. What do you think | should do? A) Why don't you tell me what you think about me? B) Do you think | ought to do something? €) In your opinion, what would it be a good idea for me to do? . You have to think about the things you're interested in. A) Itis your interests that you must think about. B) The things that interest you are probably the best things to think about. €) There must be many interesting things for you to think about. |. You must mean what subjects | like at school. A) You are talking about the school subjects that you think | like B) Which schoo! subjects | enjoy is surely what you are talking about. ) | wonder if you are talking about the subjects that | study at school. 4. What could | do with math and science? ‘A) What purpose do math and science actually have? B) What is it possible for me to do with math and science? €) Shall | do something with my math and science knowledge? . Would you rather do something practical or something theoretical? A) Is it something practical that you would prefer, or something theoretical? B) Is it possible for you to do something that is both practical and theoretical? €) Do you think that itis better to be practical or theoretical? 6. 10. Obviously you've got to be honest with me. A) | doubt that it would hurt to be honest with me. B) Surely you are not being dishonest with me. C) Of course you must be honest with me. i would prefer to do something theoretical. A) It is very likely that | will do something theoretical. B) Something theoretical is what | would rather do. C) | could possibly do something that is theoretical lean’t make any money doing something theoretical. A) There is only a small chance that | can ‘earn money doing something theoretical. B) Perhaps | will not be able to earn any money doing something theoretical. C) It is impossible for me to earn any money doing something theoretical, You must not be so certain. A) Being so certain is not right. B) Pethaps you are not especially certain. C) It is certain that you are not particularly sure. You might have a difficult time finding jobs outside of a university. A) Itis possible that you will experience difficulties finding a non-university job. B) You seem to have had difficulty in finding a job outside of a university. €) You can't possibly find non-university ‘employment. English Language Stucies “MO11. | would rather be unemployed than be an engineer. A) | would sooner not have a job than have one as an engineer. B) The sooner | become an engineer, the sooner | wil have a good job. C) Its likely that | will remain unemployed if | become an engineer. 12. You mustn't judge all engineers on the basis of just three or four of them. A) Itis not necessary to judge all engineers on the basis of only three or four of them. B) Do not judge every engineer according to only three or four of them. €) It may not be a good idea to judge every engineer according to just three or four of them, AEM coaisn Language Stuces This is why science teachers should never be given playground duty. 13. You don't have to give me a lecture about stereotyping. A) It isn’t necessary for you to lecture me concerning stereotyping, B) You needn't have given me a lecture about stereotyping. C) | think that there is no use in giving me a lecture about stereotyping. 14, Lused to press random piano keys down to see what sounds might come out. A) Itis my habit to press random piano keys down so that different sounds can ‘come out. B) | got used to pressing down random piano keys so as to see what sounds were possible. C) In the past, | would press down random piano keys in order to see what sounds could ocour. 15. You could study acoustics. A) You ought to study acoustics, B) It is possible for you to study acoustics. €) It may be necessary for you to study acoustics.2. lmak’s Wowies Read the passage betow and then circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence from the dialogue. Pay attention to the meaning of the modal in the context. Inmak has got into the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Dokuz Eylil University in lzmir, where she has been living for the past two months. She is calling Sonia on the telephone to talk about her college experience so far. Sonia: Hello? Inmak: — Sonia, it's me, Irmak, Sonia: —_Irmak! How are you? How's school going? You must be enjoying your new freedom! Inmek: | suppose so, though I'm sure | could be enjoying it even more than actually am. Sonia: What do you mean? Immak: | mean that there's so much studying to do! | mean, | know college is for studying, but shouldn't | be enjoying myself more? Isn't this supposed to be the best time of my life or something? Sonia: Maybe you ought to relax a little bit ... Inmak: Yeah, maybe. But 'm also starting to think | may have made a mistake in choosing this department. Sonia: Why's that? Irmak: Because there's almost nothing but math and science, more math, and more science! Nothing about music or even acoustics! Sonia; Well, what other program could you have decided upon? Immak: Well, for example, they have a Department of Musicology here, and there’s a music technology program in it ‘And what's that program all about? It's about concert and studio techniques and such stuff. Would you have preferred to sign up for that program, then? I'm stil not really sure, but | guess | should have thought more before choosing. Now I'm really worried that | might be stuck in this department forever. Sonia: Oh, don't be silly! You know, | changed my major four times in my first two years of college. Irmak: Really? That can't have been a very easy time for you. Sonia: Actually, it wasn't hard at all. After ail, you know, the first years of university are for exploring what really interests you, what you're good at, and what you want to do with yourself, As long as that's what you're doing, then you can't be doing anything wrong at all Imak: | guess you're right. So, shall I just continue doing what I'm doing, then? Sonia: Yeah, why not? You may as well. But take my advice and try fo be a bit more relaxed and easygoing. rmak: Right again. I do have to try to relax and enjoy life a bit more. After all, you only live once, right? Sonia: Right! English Language Stucies MEREYou must be enjoying your new freedom. A) It is necessary that you enjoy your new freedom. B) | am certain that you are enjoying your new freedom. €) You seem to be enjoying your new freedom. 2. I'm sure | could be enjoying myself even more, A) Surely | might have had even more fun. B) It is very likely that | am enjoying myself even more. C) Certainly it is possible for me to be having even more fun. 3. Shouldn't I be enjoying myself more? A) Aren't | supposed to be having more fun? B) Would you advise me to enjoy myself more? €) Shall { have more fun? 4, Isn’t this supposed to be the best time of my life? A) Shouldn't this be the best time of my lite? B) Why isn’t this the best time of my life? C) Isn't it ikely that this will be the best time of my life? 5. Maybe you ought to relax a little bit. A) It is possible that you are relaxing a little, B) You will probably relax a little bit. C) Perhaps it would be a good idea for you to relax some. ASR en sh Language Studies 6. 10. I may have made a mistake in choosing this department. A) Its possible that | made a mistake when I chose this department. B) A mistake must have been made when 1 chose this department. ©) | almost certainly made a mistake when | chose this department. What other program could you have decided upon? A) What other program would it have been better for you to decide on? B) On what other program was it possible for you to decide? C) On what other program would you rather have decided? Would you have preferred to sign up for that program? A) Would you stil ike to sign up for that program? B) Is that the program you would rather have signed up for? C) Is it possible for you to sign up for that program? | should have thought more before choosing. A) It seems likely that | thought a lot before making the choice. B) Perhaps | thought too much before | made the choice. €) Thinking more before making the choice would have been a good idea. | might be stuck in this department. forever. A) Lam definitely trapped in this department forever. B) Perhaps | will be trapped in this, department forever. C) I know | will never be able to leave this department.11. That can’t have been a very easy time for you. A) It might not have been such a difficult time for you. B) You shouldn't have gone through such a hard time, C) That must have been a very difficult time for you. 12. You can’t be doing anything wrong. A) You probably aren't doing anything wrong. B) You aren't able to do anything wrong. C) Its impossible that you are doing anything wrong. ols 13. Shall | just continue doing what I'm doing? A) Ought | to simply keep doing what I'm doing? B) Do | need to continue doing what I'm doing? ) Is it possible for me to keep doing what I'm doing? 14. You may as well continue. A) You must have continued. B) You should continue anyway. C) Itis necessary for you to continue. 15. thave to try to relax. A) It is necessary that | attempt to relax. B) | might attempt to relax. C) | must have attempted to relax. te English Language StudiesARE Oeer 3 The Green Children of Woolpit Read the passage below, and then choose the correct answer according to the passage. {§) The remarkable story of the Green Children of Woolpit was first told 4 A “= by two medieval English chroniclers. The story goes like this: One ce day, during the reign of King Stephen, 1135-1154 AD, a young boy and girl were found crying in the pits used to trap wolves in the E village of Woolpit, in Suffolk. They spoke a strange unintelligible ® language, but even stranger was their skin, which was green. A local nobleman cared for them, but the strange children refused to eat anything but green beans. Sadly, the hoy died less than a year later. Over time, the girl lost her skin's green tint and, after picking up the local language, told the villagers that she and the boy had come from country called “St. Martin’s Land’, where there was no sun. They had been following their sheep and entered an underground passageway that, on the other side, opened into the bright sunlight of Woolpit. This story was a mystery for many years. Some thought the children were fairies, due to their green skin and preference for green beans —the food of the dead, according to Celtic myth. Recently, though, a ] more reasonable interpretation has been put forward: a medieval earl in Norfolk, guardian to tivo young children, tried unsuccessfully to poison ‘them with arsenic and then abandoned them on the Norfolk-Suffolk border in Waymand Wood. Here, he thought, they would surely perish, allowing him to take control of the estate that they were due to inherit when they reached adulthood. These were probably the green children who were later found stil alive but disorientated and ill. It is worth noting that arsenic poisoning can cause chlorosis, in which the skin turns green. Such a diet-related origin for their green skin would also explain why the git’s complexion returned to normal once she began to eat proper food. The story's other elements may also have simple explanations. For instance, a few miles northwest of Woolpit is a village called Fornham St. Martin— possibly “St, Martin's Land”. Further north is Thetford Forest, whose dark interior would certainly seem sunless to two young children lost there. The forest also contains many Neolithic flint mines and associated passages. Perhaps the youngsters entered one of them, which led to Woolpit. 41. It is clear from the passage that the 3. It is implied in the passage that, the children’s skin was green ....... green ....... A) bocause they had suffered with anemia ‘A) boy ate a lot fewer green beans than the in the forest itl B) owing to being poisoned with arsenic B) girl was better at leaming the local ) as they had eaten too many green beans language than the boy D) aus to the fact that they were Celtic €) girl wanted to hide from the bright light in ries | Woolpit ) according to the legend written by D) boy looked healthier than the gir medieval chroniclers E) children spoke a different language than the local language of Woolpit 2. We understand from the passage that Woolpit ....« 4, The main point of the passage is to A) generally has more suniight than St Martin's Land AA) explain a myth and show its probable B) is a village where people speak English origin ©} connecis to Thetford Forest by means of | _B) tell a ghost story to frighten people underground passages C) show different ways to turn the skin D) contains Waymand Wood in its borders green E) was an important fint mining tovwn in ) document the history of the 42th century Neolithic times E) wam people of the dangers of green beans engusn anguage SeutiesTry to guess the meaning of the words in bold type without using a dictionary. reign 5. abandoned A) check B) experiment A) fell B) bent C) measurement D) length €) sold D) grew E) rule E) left 2. unintelligible 6. disorientated A) incomprehensible B) inaccurate A) modernized B) confused €) unaltered D) understandable C) accidental D) unreal E) unspoken E) involved 3. tint 7. complexion A) paint B) shadow A) difficult problem —_B) eating habits C) tone D) hug. C) fur coat D) skin colour &) tan E) body weight 4. picking up 8. proper A) arresting B) considering A) owned B) endless ©) preparing D) learning C) joyful D) suitable E) collecting E) blooming Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence. 41. A local nobleman cared for them, but the strange children refused to eat anything but green beans. A) While they were being looked after by @ nobleman in the area, the bizarre children ate all the food they were offered, except green beans. B) There was a local nobleman who, rather than taking care of the odd children, tried to force them to eat far too many green beans. rea x €) Although the unusual children were looked after by a nobleman of the area, the only food that they would accept to eat was green beans. 2. Some thought the children were fairies, due to their green skin and preference for green beans—the food of the dead, according to Celtic myth. A) It was not only because they favoured green beans, a food traditionally associated with the dead in Celtic myth, that some people thought the children were fairies, but also because their skin was green. B) The fairies of Celtic myth traditionally ate green beans, had green skin, and lived in the land of the dead, and so some people thought the children must be fairies, C) Some people believed the children were fairies because their skin was green and because they had green beans that they had taken from the mythical Celtic land of the dead. 3. A medieval ear! in Norfolk, guardian to two young children, poisoned them with arsenic and then abandoned them in Waymand Wood. (A) Waymand Wood in Norfolk was where the medieval earl who was the father of the two young children left their bodies after he had killed them by poisoning them with arsenic. B) The young children, who were being looked after by a medieval earl in Norfolk, were poisoned with arsenic by that earl, who took them to Waymand Wood and left them there. C) When the two young children awoke after they had been poisoned with arsenic by the medieval Norfolk ear! who had been taking care of them, they found themselves lost in ‘Waymand Wood English Language Studies “24, Mavgaret Cavendish (1623-1673) A] Choose the correct answer according to the passage. Born Margaret Lucas in 1623, she became Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, upon her marriage in 1645. An aristocrat, Cavendish was also a poet, philosopher, essayist, and playwright. She published her own work under her own name at a time when most females published only anonymously. Her writing addressed a great number of topics, and she wrote extensively in the male- dominated field of natural philosophy—which is what science G was called in her day. In fact, she was often accused of writing too much, among other things: her contemporary Samuel 4 Pepys, for example, called her “mad, conceited and a ridiculous". Cavendish was not afraid to counter such criticisms: in the preface to her 1666 work Observations upon Experimental Philosophy, she says that some have called her habit of writing prolifically a disease, but that this is a disease she shares with such wise peopie as Homer and Aristotle, both of whom wrote very much. She further remarks that it is an honour for a woman of high ambition, such as herself, to be afflicted with such a noble disease. in the main part of the same work, Cavendish supported and even revised the political thought of her contemporary Thomas Hobbes at a time when it was actually hazardous to do so, as Hobbes’ thought was opposed by many in the government. Another interesting thing about Observations upon Experimental Philosophy is that Cavendish published it together with a fictional companion piece called The Blazing World. This work is a depiction of a utopian empire that can be reached via the North Pole, and is nowadays seen as one of the earliest works of science fiction. At the end of this book, Cavendish calis herself the "Empress" of the philosophical world; it was just this sort of pride that made Samuel Pepys and others think that she was conceited. Whether she was conceited or not, however, she was in many ways one of the most advanced moral thinkers of her time. For instance, not only did she protest against the hunting of animals for sport, but she also questioned the idea of eating meat at all. 1. Itis stated in the passage that, in Margaret Cavendish’s time, ... A) few women writers used their own names in their works 8) Samuel Pepys was against women writing about serious topics C) women writers were mostly engaged in poetry D) hunting was practised extensively E) those who wrote fiction were not taken seriously 2. We understand from the passage that Margaret Cavendish ...... . ‘A) was opposed to the other philosophers of her time 8) published her works anonymously for a while €) learned about natural philosophy from her husband ) wrote poetry more often than plays E) received a great deal of criticism in her time IGE English Language Studies 3. According to the passage, one thing Margaret Cavendish said was that . A) she was wiser than both Homer and Aristotle B) she did not eat any meat C) people would someday be able to travel to the North Pole D) she had a great deal of ambition E) she should be allowed to rule over the country 4, We can conclude from the passage that Margaret Cavendish ...... . A) had a husband who hunted animals for sport B) first coined the term “science fiction” €) did not think eating meat was necessary D) was bom in Newcastle-upon-Tyne E) had a better philosophy than Thomas Hobbes did1. using a dictionary. Try to guess the meanings of the following words from the passage without addressed 5. afflicted A) came from 3 crossed out A) stricken B) burst C) wrote off D) showed up C) crept B) arisen E) dealt with E) upset extensively 6. hazardous A) arguably B) totally A) rigid B) rural C) widely D) previously C) round D) risky E) seemingly E) rapid counter 7. via A) consist of B) respond to A) in respect of B) by way of C) suffer from D) feel like C) as regards D) at any rate E) agree with E) at large prolifically 8. conceited A) abundantly B) commonly A) anonymous B) egotistical €) hardly _,__.D) briefly C) humble D) invested E) accidentally E) blameless Circle the choice which has the same meaning as the given sentence. Cavendish’s writing addressed a great number of topics, and she wrote extensively in the male-dominated field of natural philosophy. A) Very many subjects were dealt with in the writing done by Cavendish, who also wrote a lot in the area of natural philosophy, which was dominated by men at the time, B) Most of the topics dealt with in natural philosophy, a field that men dominated at the time, were addressed by Cavendish in her prolific writing. C) Because there were so many men dominating the discipline of natural philosophy, Cavendish had to write a lot in that field in order to deal with all of its topics. Some called Cavendish’s writing so prolifically a disease, but it was a disease she shared with such wise people as Homer and Aristotle. A) Even people who were as wise as Homer and Aristotle believed that the fact that Cavendish wrote so much was a kind of disease. B) Though Cavendish wrote so much that it was termed a disease by some, this was the same disease that wise people like Homer and Aristotle had. C) Wise people like Homer and Aristotle had the disease of writing too much, as did Cavendish, Cavendish supported the ideas of Thomas Hobbes at a time when it was actually hazardous to do so, as Hobbes’ thought was opposed by many in the government. A) A lot of government people were against the thought of Thomas Hobbes at the time, making it risky to support it, and yet this is what Cavendish did. B) The philosophy of Thomas Hobbes was dangerous enough to offend many government people, and so Cavendish decided that it was worth supporting. C) Thomas Hobbes and many of the people in government were opposed to each other at the time, and, in this argument, Cavendish came out in support of Hobbes. a English Language StudiesROR [P| In the following passages, find the missing sentence of the passage. 4. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was the wife of a British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, While there with him from 1716 to 1718, she ‘saw people being inoculated against the disease smallpox. When she returned to Britain, she brought this practice back with her. ...... . In fact, it was not until the end of the 18th century, nearly 50 years later, that the practice finally became widespread. A) Edward Jenner is known as the creator of the smallpox vaccine B) Smatipox is a highly contagious disease that is unique to humans C) However, she encountered a great deal of ‘opposition at the time D) At that time, Ahmed Ill was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire E) ‘Today, Lady Montagu is mostly remembered for the many letters she wrote 3, The scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries saw a large influx of women into the field of science. However, this did little to change people’s ideas about the nature of women. ...... . Though they claimed to be “enlightened” thinkers, they used the new science to spread the view that women were naturally inferior and suited only to. domestic tasks. A) Actually, many people still haven't changed their ideas, even after all these years B) Many historians of science date the scientific revolution from the year 1543, C) The university system, on the other hand rarely accepted women D) Between 1650 and 1710, women made up 14% of all German astronomers E) This was largely the fault of the men involved in the sclences, ER tngen Lineage Sie 2, Dutch painter Judith Leyster was the first female artist to join the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke, an association of painters. One of these, however, was quickly stolen by famed portrait painter Frans Hals. Justifiably angry, Leyster sued Hals in court. She won, but rather than returning the apprentice, Hals only had to pay a small fine. A) Some art dealers claimed that Leyster's, paintings had been done by Frans Hals B) Leyster was especialty innovative in the area of genre painting €) St. Luke fs the patron saint of physicians and surgeons D) Leyster may or may not have been one of Frans Hals’ students E) Within two years of her entry, she had three male students of her own Seas yetilo ee Georgia O'Keeffe, destroying a good deal of the romance and mystery surrounding her celebrated paintings of flowers. But, whatever the reason she decided to paint them, it may always be for them that she will be best known. A) I hate flowers; | paint them because they're cheaper than models and don't move B) To create one's own world, in any of the arts, takes courage C) Most people in the city rush around so much that they have no time to see flowers D) | think | am one of the few who gives our country any voice of its own E) Everyone associates a great many things with a flowerIn the Ottoman Empire, women s were confined to their homes by social convention, and did embroidery as a means of passing time. This allowed them a certain degree of financial independence. Because these women worked individually and could support themseives, they had the authority and respect to refuse commissions, even from the Imperial Palace, if they wished. ‘A) Nonetheless, the beautiful pieces they pro- duced became a source of income as weil B) In fact, embroidery has been around since the beginning of recorded history C) However, fine embroidery is not necessarily an easy thing todo D) But naks, the Ottoman word for embroidery, could also refer to a miniature painting E) Stil, embroidery may be one of the most charming of the arts TR ae 6. Since 1966, the number of women receiving bachelor's degrees in science and ‘engineering in the United States has Increased almost every year. ......; this was approximately half of the total bachelor’s degrees awarded in those subjects that year. The number of such degrees awarded to men, on the other hand, has not increased significantly since 1976. A) In the United Kingdom, they account for more than half 8) In 1966, very few doctoral degrees in the sciences were awarded fo women ) In 2005, Harvard University’s president suggested that women were just not good at science ) In 2001, this number reached 202,583 E) In 1996, the number of doctoral degrees awarded to men peaked, and has fallen since then {An Oitoman embroidered towel () Sofia Kovalevskaya was @ self-taught mathematician from Moscow, Russia, (Il) It was once rumoured that novelist Thomas Pynchon was writing @ book about her life and loves, but this, proved to be largely false. (I) In 1870, she was denied entrance to the University of Berlin, fargely for being a woman. (IV) She continued, however, to study privately, and published a number of important papers. (V) It was these that, in 1874, resulted in her being given a Ph.D. in Mathematics by the University of Gottingen, the first for a woman: Aji By cyl OVI BV In the following passages, one sentence in each passage doesn’t fit well with the other sentences, and this prevents a smooth reading. Can you find the odd sentence? 2.(0) Only a few records of individual women artists from European antiquity survive, (I) ‘Among the earliest of these is the Naturalis Historia, a 1st- century AD encyclopedia by Roman author Pliny the Elder. (il) Medieval author Christine de Pizan responded to the oppression of women in her time by writing The Book of the City of Ladies. (IV) In this work, he mentions the names of a number of female painters, like Timarete, Eirene, and aia, (V) Unfortunately, none of these artists’ work has survived to the present day. Al Bil cy DIV EVV aE English Language Studies3. (I) Frida Kahlo was one of the most famous, Mexican painters of the 20th century. (I) She is probably best known for her many seif- portraits. (Il) Many of these are shocking depictions of pain and suffering, usually painted in bright colours and using dramatic symbolism. (IV) It is in these two elements that Kahlo most shows the influence on her of indigenous Mexican art. (V) She was married to the famous mural painter Diego Rivera. AyE By cyt DIV EV (Wit was not easy for women in the 15th- century Ottoman Empire to be accepted as poets. (ll) This was because Ottoman public society was, for the most part, an exclusively mate domain. (Il) However, there were at least two female poets who came to be respected nearly as much as some of the male poets of the time, (IV) Two famous female poets of later years were Fitnat Hanum and Leyla Hanim. (V) These were Mihri Hatun and Zeyneb Hatun. Al By Cyl DIV EV QL English Language Studies 5. (I) The followers of the ancient Greek ‘mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras were known as “Pythagoreans". (il) After the death of Pythagoras around 507 BC, his school was run for a time by Theano. (Ii) Theano was an excellent mathematician and astronomer, as well as working in the fields of medicine and child psychology. (IV) In addition to these, she was Pythagoras’ wife, but this was not why she was allowed to take over the school. (V) One of many female teachers there, Theano got the honour of running the prestigious school because she deserved it A) By CI DIV EVV (1) Many people seem to think that Camille Claudel's reputation owes everything to her relationship with famed sculptor Auguste Rodin. (Il) This is far from the truth, however, (lit) Claudel was, in fact, a brilliant sculptor in her own right, and was recognized as such in her own time. (IV) Though it is true that her early work resembles that of Rodin, ‘who was her teacher, her later work shows an imaginative and iyrical style that is ail her own. (V) Beginning in 1908, she destroyed a great deal of her work in fits of anger and paranoia AE By Cyill DIV eVComplete the following passage by choosing the most appropriate answer. (1) ...... the fime in which she lived (from 1098 to 1179), Hildegard of Bingen was an absolutely remarkable woman. She was (2) ...... a teacher and monastic leader—her primary occupations—-but also a mystic and philosopher; a musician and composer; an artist, dramatist, and poet; a linguist; a naturalist; and a political consultant. These days, | she is probably best known as a composer. Her many musical works, all of (3) ...... religious in nature and written |} to be sung by the nuns of (4) she was the leader, have recently been recorded and even become best-sellers in some places. Music was (5) ...... her only talent, though. For instance, she had a keen interest in the sciences, and wrote a number of medical, botanical, and geological treatises. She even invented (6) ...... language, Lingua Ignota, and an alphabet (7) ...... in order to write it. Unfortunately, itis (8) ...... known what purpose this language served. (9) ...... wellrespected SY BV’ GP @ TH > wasttidegard in her ovn day ... she was allowed to communicate with popes and CP FS GH MX & | cpoitical leaders, as well as travelling widely to 4 CX #43 give public speeches, all of (10) ... extremely rare honours for women of the day. . were Hildegard’s alphabet for Lingua Ignota 1. 6 A) Being considered 8) Considering A) her own B) themselves ©) Considered D) Consider C) its D) hers E) To have considered E) herself 2. 7. A) as much B) either A) having been used B) having used ©) not only D) so much C) to be used D) using E) neither E) use 3. 8, A) which B) it A) as many B) any more C) their D) them C) no longer D) so much’ E) what E) no more 4 9 A) how B) whose A) Both...and B) As...as. ¢) who D) that €) Such a...that D) Whether...or E) whom E) So...that 5 10. A) already B) hardly A) when B) those €) roughly D) almost C) what D) which E) always E) them English Language Stucies “SI5S. Check What You Know The Evolution of the Car Steam autowobile aa In the 16th century, there were (1)..... different types of horse-drawn carriages which upper-class families (2)...... from. In the 17th century, better vehicles were developed. There were a lot of models and types for every situation, or according to one’s particular tastes in those vehicles. Equivalent to today’s sedan, these elegant and comfortable coaches were very popular. (3)...... vehicle was designed with only comfort in mind, using velvet- of leather-covered horsehair cushions and lace curtains. The design of the carriages was an art form in (4)...... . AS a result of this, prestigious companies (5)...... with each other to make carriages having both good design and comfort. 1. A) alarge variety B) many of C) a small amount D) a number of E) some of 2. A) had to be chosen B) able to choose C) could choose D) have chosen E) having chosen 3. A) Each B) Whole ©) All D) Most E) Few 4. A) itself B) themselves C) those D) its own E) theirs 5. A) have been competing B) were competing C) have competed D) were competed E) would be competed XB engi Language Suctes Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot was a French inventor who is claimed by the French government (6)...... the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle in 1769. This claim is disputed by various sources which suggest that Ferdinand Verbiest, (7)...... @ member of a Jesuit mission in China, (8)...... the first steam-powered car around 1672. Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle, which was said to be able to travel at speeds of (9)...... 4 km per hour, Unfortunately, in 1771, Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a wall, which made Cugnot the first person to be involved into a motor vehicle accident, His later models would sometimes take more than forty minutes to start on cold mornings. Moreover, they were very noisy, frightened horses, smelied awful, and polluted the air. In those days, there were even (10)...... occasions on which the coals used to make steam would fall off and bum wooden bridges down, 6. A) to have built ©) being buiit E) built B)— D) where E) that 8. A) was being built B) used to build C) may have built D) has been building E) would be built B) to be built D) to be building 7. A)who €) how 9. A) til B) after C) out of D) between E) up to 10. A) so much B) such an C) plenty D) so E) severalElectric cars Today, few people realize that successful electric-powered automobiles were being used (11)...... the 1880s. They were an improvement over the steam-powered ones due to their cost-efficiency and environmental friendliness. By the 1880s, these vehicles were widespread and seemed to have a bright future. This likelihood increased (12)...... in 1899, when an electric-powered racing car named La Jamais Contente set a world record at 109 kph. However, these cars had some disadvantages. —the batteries (13)....... about (14)...... 80 kilometres, and battery cases were prone to leak, By 1910, most people had come to prefer the gasoline engine to the silent operation of the electric motor, and so the electric-powered car could (15)...... compete in speed, power, or economy. 41.) much earlier —_B) so early that C) less early D)as early as E) early enough 42. A) rather than BY how much ) even more D) what a lot E) as much as 43. A) must have been recharged B) could be recharged C) had to be recharged D) ought to recharge E) should recharge 14, A) many B) every ¢) much D) enough E) whole 15. A) no longer B) otherwise ©) any more D) by then E) at the time ES Gasoline cars = : sass By 1860, the gasoline engine had been invented and the first gasoline-powered automobile, invented by Karl Benz, ran on three. wheels and looked much (16)...... @ very big tricycle, By 1893, Charles and Frank Duryea had built (17)...... gasoline-powered car. The first run of their car went about 12 kilometres per hour and they were only able to go 60 metres (18)...... the car got stuck in a mound of dirt and stopped! When these cars were first invented, gas stations, of course, weren't around yet, and people used to buy their gasoline from a general store. At the turn of the 20th century, automobiles were still considered a/an (19)......, and it was not (20)...... the second half of the century that they reached their true golden age. 46. A) as B) that €) so D) like €) more 47. A) its own B) itself C) theirs D) them E) their own 48. A) after B) when C) while D) before E) no sooner 49. A) sanity B) function ©) novelty D) density E) urgency 20. A) whereas B) whenever C) although D) until E) while English Language StudiesDuring the 1990s, regulations (21)...... "zero emissions” from vehicles increased interest in new battery technology. Battery systems with higher energy density became the subject for federal and auto industry scientists. Solar cars were first built by universities and manufacturers. The solar panels proved to be (22)...... for consumer cars; however, that (23)....... since. Development continues on solar celi design and car power supply requirements (24)...... heaters and air conditioning fans. Hans Tholstrup and Lary Perkins were the first solar car racers in 1983, and in a 1987 race, the GM Sunraycer completed the 3,004-km trip with an average speed of 67 kph, prompting research teams to strive for (28)...... development. 21. A) requiring B) to have required €) being required D) having required E) required 22. A) too large B) as large as ¢) the larger D) larger than E) the largest 23. A) changed B) has changed €) was changing D) is changing £) changes 24. A) in case of C) as yet &) just B) only D) such as 25. A) rather ) just as B) already D) as many E) further ‘AIDE English Language Studies Future cars will be very different from their present day "grandfathers". They will use less fuel, cause less pollution, and be (26)...... safer to drive. A computer system will control the navigation, so the driver will be less responsible for the actions of the vehicle. Soon crash victims may be trying to sue the electronics companies for accidents, claiming that their computer system failed to stop the car—(27)...... the driver was fast asleep at the wheel on a highway. The technology will become so improved that cars will run on carbon dioxide. (28)...... the security, if the vehicle is stolen, a call will be made to shut down the engine of the car while (29)...... call is sent out to alert both the police and a system installed in the stolen car, and so the police car will enable officers to (30)...... the car even if they cannot see it 26. A) more B) a lot €) too D) as much E) many 27. A)in order that —_B) until €) while D) as if E) for fear that 28. A) The least B) Meanwhile €) Other than ——_D) As for &) Furthermore 29. A) another B) each C) what else D) both E) either 30. A) captivate B) track €) sustain D) estimate E) escapeTEST YOURSELF | | 4. [think we . a few more things for the camping trip, because we ourselves in a difficult situation in case of emergency. A) would have packed / could find B) might pack / should have found C) can pack / should find D) could have packed / may find E) ought to pack / might find 2. Kelvin’s cousin ...... me in the face, but luckily, he decided not to do so in the end. A) should be punching B) had to punch €) could have punched D) might be punching E) would punch 3. When she suddenly became ill, Andrea sssee the party early. A) will have left B) had to leave €) could be leaving D) has to leave E) can leave 4, The population of Istanbul ...... of a much more various ethnic and religious mix, until the fall of the Ottoman Empire. A) used to consist B) would consist C) should have consisted D) could consist E) must consist, 5. I'm sure José ...... married by now, as he had been dating Anna for eight years already when I last saw him three years ago. A) ought to get B) could be getting ) would get D) must have got E) may have got . Gossa 10. . me first thing in the morning, but, for some reason, he didn’t. ‘A) was supposed to call B) might have called C) should call D) has to call E) must have called As it takes Ruth about twenty minutes to walk home from here and it's about twenty minutes since she left, she just about now. A) could arrive B) must arrive C) should be arriving D) has arrived E) would have arrived Ronald Reagan ...... president in 1980 if so many people hadn't been dissatisfied with Jimmy Carter's mistakes. A) shouldn't become B) must not become €) can't have become 1D) might not have become E) didn’t become Professor Irzik, ...... you ...... Signing this document saying that you've read and approved my thesis? rather mind A) would. B) would. C) would. D) would. E) would, No matter what he’s told you, Samuel to the concert tonight, because | know that he is going back to Phoenix this afternoon. A) couldn't come B) wouldn't come C) shouldn't have come D) mustn't have come E) can't be coming ee English Language Studies4 12. 13. 14. 15, AD engin Languages . Of course, you ...... any of the classwork if you don’t want to, but please be aware that | am not obliged to pass you, either. A) aren't able to do B) needn't have done C) don't have to do D) can't be doing E) wouldn't do By snapping their large claw, tiger pistol shrimp release a shock wave so powerful that it...... temperatures hotter than those on the surface of the Sun. ‘A) ought to reach 8) can reach C) must have reached D) has to reach E) may be reaching My teacher has told me that | tomorrow afternoon off so that I . my sister's wedding. A) ought to take / could be attending B) can take / must attend C) have to take / should attend D) could take / might have attended E) may take / can attend Antibiotics egularly until the treatment is finished, or they won't be effective. A) could be taken B) is supposed to take C) may have taken D) should be taken E) had to be taken You ...... pretty soon; otherwise, you won't be able to arrive at the statior time to catch the last bus out of town. A) had better leave B) can leave €) could have left 1D) must have left E) might leave 17. 18. 19. 20. ER: 16. Perhaps, for their own good, neither Napoléon Bonaparte nor Adolf Hitler ...-.. Russia, as it ultimately proved to be the downfall of both men, A) might invade B) could have invaded C) should have invaded D) must have invaded E) used to invade . nearly this much, even though | the same amount, so | guess my metabolism has slowed with age. A) didn’t use to weigh / was eating 8) must not have weighed / had eaten C) won't weigh / ate D) couldn't weigh / have eaten E) hadn't weighed / would eat Judging from how badly Cem speaks English now, I'd say that he ...... the language for a very tong time. A) isn’t studying B) wouldn't study C) must not be studying D) can't have been studying E) won't be studying Because Mehtap grew up in Istanbul and speaks almost no Persian, she .. only ...... with her relatives with her father's help. A) has...communicated B) might..communicate communicating D) should...communicate E) could...communicate Abraham Lincoln ...... that it would be his last day of in, on 14 April 1865, he walked into Ford's Theatre, where he was assassinated. A) should not know B) must not have known C) need not know D) cannot know ) ought not to have known24. You ...... the dishes this evening, my darling Drusilla, as | have already done them. A) needn't wash B) didn’t have to wash C) wouldn't wash D) couldn't be washing E) shouldn't have washed 22. As | simply ...... the final episode of Med Cezir this evening, |...... with you to the restaurant. ‘A) have to watch / won't be able to come B) must watch / wouldn't have come C) ought to watch / don't have to come D) should have watched / mustn't come E) can watch / shouldn't have come 23. Excuse me, young Mr. Bates, but | believe that you ...... the third chapter of your history textbook rather than the comic book you've got in your hands. A) had been reading B) would have read C) might have been reading D) ought to be reading E) would read 24, It's rather unfortunate that the 19th- century poet John Keats ...... so young, as he ...... 80 many more beautiful and moving things. A) should have diedhwrote B) must have died/had written C} would die/should be writing Dy has died/ought to write E) died/could have written 25. Before the beach was bought and made private by the summer resort, everyone in the neighbourhood .. there whenever the weather permitted. A) should have swum B) had to swim C) used to swim D) could be swimming E) ought to swim Re 26. Lewis had walked a long way through the dense forest before he realized that wavs the path somewhere along the A) was tosing B) must have lost €) should have lost D) would lose E) has lost 27. 'm not sure where your glasses are, Jesse, but you ...... them out of the window while you were sleepwalking last night, as you sometimes do. A) must be throwing B) could be thrown G) may have thrown D) might be throwing E) should have thrown 28. Pat said that she ...... ingmar Bergson’s Persona than a silly romantic comedy, but in the end, she decided to go to the comedy with her friends. A) would rather watch B) could be watching C) must have watched B) may watch E) would have been watching 29. Frank ...... a lot lately to be able to suddenly speak Turkish so much better than he did before. A) should have been studying B) could have studied C) has to study D) must have been studying E) would rather study 30. You ...... without pause for the last two. hours, as you claim, or you would have exploded by this time. A) can't have been eating B) shouldn't have eaten C) mustn't eat D) don't have to eat E) wouldn't have been eating ae English Language Studies31. [need to phone my mother and say that I ...... home until very late tonight, 5 WE sun the accounts. A) wasn't / could be checking B) wouldn't be / had to check C) am not going to be / have checked D) won't be / have to check E) can’t be / were checking 32. During the American Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant ...... the Battle of Shiloh if reinforcements had not arrived during the night. A) hadn't won B) could not be winning €) should not win D) might not have won E) may not be winning 33. Do you want me to hefp you carry anything, of ......1...... out of your way instead? A) shall...stay 8) would...rather stay C) would. ..prefer to stay D) should..-have stayed E) might...be staying . You ...... your eyes tested without delay if you ...... so many headaches recently. A) have / are getting B) ought to have / have been getting C) will have / should get D) can have / will get E) had to have / would be getting 35. It ...... Sylvester who was dancing with Cynthia last night, because he’s been in a.coma since last week. A) shouldn't have been B) mustn't be ¢) can't have been D) hadn't been E) ought not to be. IER cngan angus, 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. The origins of the Basque language remain a mystery, but some people think that it ...... from the earliest language spoken in Europe. A) would rather descend B) used to descend C) shall descend 1D) should have descended £) may descend I wonder if | ...... Arzu to come to the cinema with me, or do you think it better to just wait and see if she’s interested in me as well? A) would ask / should have been B) could ask / must have been C) need to ask / can be D) should ask / would be E) have to ask / had to be In my opinion, Drew is the only member of the staff who ...... the building as well as it needs to be designed. A) could have designed B) should have designed C) might be designing D) ought to design £) can design The students ...... their reading for today, but, as only two of them actually have, the teacher is going to give them one more day to do so. A) will have had to complete B) must be completing C) could have been completing D) should complete E) ought to have completed Probably among the most learned of all English poets, John Milton ...... in at least eight different languag A) should be communicating B) would have communicated €) could communicate D) must communicate E) ought to have communicated41. You really ...... much more of this cough syrup than the label recommends, unless you want to get ill. A) woulde’t have drunk B) shouldn't drink C) couldn't be drinking D) can't have drunk E) haven't been drinking 42. Although Sheila says she ...... coming out to the bar with us, | know she’s feeling very depressed and ...... at home tonight. A) didn't mind / has to stay B) wasn’t minding / can stay ) wouldn't mind / would rather stay D) won't mind / would have stayed E) muste’t mind / would be staying 43. Judging from how quiet and empty their house has been for the past few weeks, the Pazzo family ...... on vacation, A) would rather go B) ought to be going ©) could go D) should have gone E) must have gone 44, There are a number of theories claiming that the Vikings ...... the first Europeans to discover the Americas, but none of them is very widely accepted. A) might not have been B) should not be C) would not have been D) would rather not be E) will not have been 45. The bookshop across the street ... down soon, since they don't seem to have had any customers for weeks. A) might have closed B) must have closed C) had to close D) could be closing E) ought to have closed 46. We really want to go to the concert, but all the tickets ...... by now, | guess. A) must have been sold B) will sell €) are being sold D) might have been selling E) have had to sell 47. The house round the corner .. the “For Sale” sign on it .. A) should be sold / is going to remove B) will be sold / will have been removed C) must have been sold /has been removed D) might have sold/wit! have removed E) would have sotdlis going to be removed 48. A lot of people today ...... that ‘Shakespeare and Cervantes died on the same day—23 April 1616—but, in fact, Cervantes died ten days earlier. A) would have believed B) may believe ©) could believe D) have had to believe E) should have believed 49. Trevor ...... to the interview on time, and, as a result, he lost his chance at getting the job. A) can't have got B) wasn't able to get €) wouldn't be getting D) couldn't have got E) didn’t have to get 50. The lecture ...... in the end, because not enough students had shown interest. A) would have cancelled B) must be cancelling ©) will be cancelled D) had to be cancelled E) was going to cancel English Language Studies _ “VEN51 52. 53. 54. 1 ss... get up very early every day for the last two weeks, and I'm looking forward to the day when I ....... A) am having to / don’t have to B) have to / won't have had to C) will have to / haven't had to D) had to / didn't have to E) have had to / won't have to Asa child, the Irish author Samuel Beckett often ...... among the branches of trees, causing his mother great worry and himself a few injuries. A) could have leapt B) would leap C) should be leaping D) must leap E) might have leapt Whenever | ...... formally before a number of people, | like to relax my facial muscles first by contracting and then expanding them repeatedly. A) ought to have spoken B) could have spoken C) would rather speak D) have to speak E) could speak Nick ...... quitting his job, despite what he told you, because just yesterday he assured me that he was quite happy there. A) couldn't consider B) shouldn't have considered €) can't be considering D) won't have considered E) didn’t have to consider . There are so few people here at this boring party that, unfortunately, we ... without drawing attention to ourselves, A) couldn't have left B) don't have to leave C) won't be able to leave D) can't have left E) must not leave PEE craton Language suaies 56. Human beings ...... underwater without breathing for more than four or five minutes; otherwise, brain damage starts to set in. A) would not have stayed B) need not stay C) could not stay D) cannot stay ) must not be staying 57. 'm sure that Chris ...... an excellent physicist someday, but instead she chose to quit everything and live in the mountains of central Idaho. A) could have become B) will become C) might be becoming D) must have become E) should become 58. Since it’s about three in the morning back home in Chicago, | guess my parents ...... now. A) must be steeping B) have slept C) should have slept D) had to sleep E) were sleeping 59. Mary is not coming to dinner after all, 80 [...... 0 much food for her. A) ought not to cook B) wasn't cooking C) needn't have cooked D) must not have cooked E) may not have cooked writing my novel yet, and | think . another two months or so. A) haven't finished/has been taking B) couldn't finishitakes C) don't finishvwill have taken D) can't finish/may have taken E) haven't been able to finish/might take61. 62. , 80! think we should do whatever we can to console her. A) She used to suffer from very severe depression B) She couldn't possibly have been in the building at the time . C) It can’t be too late fo thank her for all her help D) The death of her husband must be terribly dificult E) Her thirtieth birthday party was supposed to be held this Friday Although Darryl has been working somewhat better lately, ...... « A) the company may still fire him for his poor past performance B) his ability to do the job required of him has also improved C) this certainly cannot be his fault D) the boss must have praised him highly forit E) he should not have lost his job because of that . My sister is hoping to be able to earn a lot of money .. A) when she started her own business two years ago B) once she’s opened her own beauty salon €) and since then, she has had to work even on Sundays D) as she didn’t want to miss the opportunity E) until she realized how wrong she has been 64. Because Cynthia isn’t feeling well today, A) it must have been her fault and not mine or yours B) her steak might be very undercooked C) many people seem to be getting rather sick lately D) the illness could tum into an epidemic. at almost any time E) she would rather not come out to the cinema with us tonight 65. Some people are capable of working exceptionally well when under pressure, : ‘A) while others may be unable to function at all under similar circumstances B) but people can make stress work for thom as a source of energy C) so they should allow time for pleasurable activities such as taking walks or talking with friends D) despite several self-relaxation techniques like deep breathing and meditation E) aithough health is often determined by the environment and heredity 66. Would you mind if | took a three-week vacation this summer, rather than a two-week one? A) If itis okay with you, could F have three weeks’ vacation instead of two this summer? B) | would prefer you fo take three weeks of vacation this summer, not two, if itis alright with you. C) Do you think it would be a good idea for me to take three rather than two weeks of vacation this summer? D) Would you rather | took two or three weeks of vacation this summer? E) My vacation is going to be three weeks this summer, while yours is going to be ‘two, isn't it? English Language Studies “ZRF67. 68. . You couldn't have watched Dancing Days at the Chinese Theatre last week because it hasn’t played there for nearly a month. A) As Dancing Days has never played at the Chinese Theatre, it must have been some other film that you saw there this past week B) If you saw Dancing Days at the Chinese Theatre last week, then it is not true that they stopped showing it a month ago. C) It must not have been the Chinese Theatre where you watched Dancing Days, since it was only there for a month, and last week they stopped it D) The Chinese Theatre stopped showing Dancing Days almost a month ago, so you can't have seen it there this past week. E) The Chinese Theatre hadn't played anything good for almost a month until they started showing Dancing Days, which you watched there last week. Would you mind holding these plates for a minute while | take these other things off of the table? A) Would you rather help me take the other stuff off of the table or take care of these plates for me while | do so? B) Do you think it would be difficult to remove so many things from the table while also handling these plates? ©) I'm going to remove the other stuff from the table, so do you think you could take care of these plates for a second? D) Can you help me to put these plates down on the table in piace of the things that | am going to remove from in? E) Were you the one who offered to hold these plates so that | could take all these different things off of the table? D> ent tngnge Stes ean 69. 70. Annette was supposed to give an oral presentation today about William Shakespeare, but she couldn’t come because of her illness. A) Today, Annette was able to come and present an oral report about William Shakespeare despite the fact that she was sick B) Though Annette should be giving her oral report on William Shakespeare today, she might not come because she is il. €) The teacher had assigned Annette to give today's oral presentation concerning William Shakespeare, but she cancelled it after becoming ill. D) As Annette got sick, she was unable to come and present the oral report on William Shakespeare that she was scheduled to do for today. E) Because of her illness, it's possible that Annette won't be able to come and give her oral presentation on William Shakespeare. Although it would be better for you to. take no more than one of these pills per day, you may take up to two if the pain is intense. A) If your pain is really bad, you can have one extra pill per day, but normally you should take only one. B) Whenever there is a great deal of pain, | will allow you to take two pills in addition to the one that you would normally take. ) You should have taken only one of these pills every day, but because of the severity of the pain, it's okay that you took two. D) Though you have perhaps taken one more pill per day than you were supposed to, it should not be a problem because the pain was intense. E) It may be a better idea not to take more than two pills every day, because the pain could increase if you take more than that,m1. 73. It may be true that you don't have to attend university in order to be successful, but a college education certainly increases your chances. A) Although it is correct that going to university is nat necessary for one’s success, your chances definitely go up with a university degree. B) Studying at university can’t be absolutely necessary for your success, but itis nice to have a university degree. C) Surely your chances of success have gone up since you completed your college education, although some people don't believe in the necessity of such an education, D) Success at university definitely prepares one for success in life, and $0 one ought to attend university so as to fully achieve success. E) Without a college education, your chances for success go down, so it is probably not true that university is not a necessity for success. . It’s possible that I did not correctly understand when | heard you say that you used to date Englebert. A) Englebert might not be a good person to date, because he seems to under- stand whatever you say incorrectly. B) | have to say that | think your relationship with Englebert was based on a misunderstanding, C) Hopefully | did not understand your words incorrectly when you said that you had been dating Englebert. 'D} | thought that | heard you say that your date with Englebert tumed out to be full of misunderstandings. E) | heard you say that you were once dating Englebert, but | might have misunderstood your words. The new job pays quite well, but the applicants must have certain skills. A) The people that will accept the applications are quite skilled, so they receive quite a good salary. B) Only those who have a lot of skill will be able to receive the higher salaries that the new job offers, C) Specific talents are required for the new job, whose money is rather good, from those who apply for it. D) There are many people applying for the new and well-paid job, and most of them are very skilled E) One has to be exceptionally talented to even think of applying for the new job, which pays good money. 74, Which of these two films would you prefer to watch this evening: Glory or Driving Miss Daisy? A) Don't you think that Glory would be a better film to watch this evening than Driving Miss Daisy? B) Are Glory and Driving Miss Daisy the only two films we will be able to watch this evening? C) | would rather see Glory tonight, but would you prefer that or Driving Miss Daisy? 1D) Would you rather see Glory tonight, or would you prefer Driving Miss Daisy? E) Was Glory the film that we were going to watch tonight, or was it Driving Miss Daisy? 75. The collapse of Michael’s marriage may have been the result of his selfishness. A) Michael should have been a bit unseffish, and then his marriage might not have collapsed. B) It is possible that it was Michael's self- centered behaviour that caused his marriage to fall apart C) Selfishness like Michael's in marriage can only result in that marriage’s falling apart D) The selfish behaviour of Michael certainly contributed to the collapse of his marriage. E) Michael could have behaved less selfishly, and that would have prevented his martiage from falling apart. aE English Language StudiesTey 76. Make sure that Tyler does not forget to bring his camera on the trek. A) You should have reminded Tyier before the trek to take his camera along with him, B) Do not forget to tell Tyler that you did not remember to bring his camera on the trek. C) Tyler had better remember to take his camera along with him on the trek. D) Tyler won't remember to bring his camera on the trek if you do not remind him. E) You must remind Tyler before the trek to take his camera along with him. 77. You will be allowed to enter the conference room as soon as the manager has finished with her presentation. A) The manager will be finishing her presentation very soon, and then you may go into the conference room. 8) Now that the manager has finished presenting, you can enter the conference room. €) The conference room will be closed to everyone as long as the manager is stil giving her presentation. D) Until the manager's presentation is done, you can't go into the conference room. E) It seems that the manager has not given her presentation yet, so you may still enter the conference room. 78. It could be that Denise is not particularly wise, but she must have some intelligence because she is an engineer. A) Itis possible that Denise is very intelligent, since she is an engineer, but | do not consider her particularly wise. B) Denise can certainly be quite dumb on occasion, yet she is, in fact, very intelligent owing to her job as an engineer. C) Engineers like Denise are generally somewhat intelligent, even though, also like her, they are not always wise. English Language Studies 79. D) Being an engineer, Denise is surely intelligent to some degree, although she may not be especially wise. E) Denise had to be very intelligent in order to become an engineer, but that does not mean that she is especially wise, Larry ought to get a job rather than spending so much of his time doing nothing except watching TV. A) Lary would rather not find a job so that he can keep spending most of his time doing nothing but watching TV. B) instead of watching TV and doing nothing else for such a large amount of his time, Larry should find employment C) Larry does not do anything with his time apart from watching TV, and that is why he needs to get a job. D) Larry could have found employment, but he preferred to spend his time watching TV and doing nothing else. E) itis possible for Larry to find a job, but first he must stop spending so much of his time doing nothing but watching TV. . During family picnics when | was a child, | would go off into the forest to escape my annoying relatives. A) My relatives would always annoy me during the family picnics we had when J was a child by taking me into the forest and leaving me there. B) My annoying family members would have family picnics when | was young, and | got used to escaping from them. into the forest C) | used to enter the forest when there was a family picnic during my childhood, so that ! could get away from my irritating family members. D) Family picnics when | was young used to always take place in the forest, but my family was as irritating there as they were anywhere else. E) My relatives used to get really annoyed when | went into the forest and hide during the family picnics we had during my childhood.; Filen ingllizes inlamca en yakin Tarkce lun: 81. When accidents occur on mass trans portation vehicles, as in the crash of an airliner of in the collision of passen- ger trains, the loss of life can be great. A) Usak ya da yolcu treni gibi toptu tasima araciannda meydana gelen kazalar, cok fazia can kaybina yol agabilmektedir. 8) Bir ugagin diismesi ya da yolcu trenlerinin carpismasinda oldugu gibi, toplu tasima araclannda kazalar meydana geldiginde can kaybi gok fazia olabilmektedir. C) Toplu tasima araglarinda kazalar meydana gelince, drnegin, bir ugagin diigmesi ya da yotcu trenlerinin carpigmasi gibi, cogunlukla can kayiplari daha fazla olmaktadir. D) Toplu tasima araclarindan olan ugak diigtiigii ya da yolcu trenieri carpistion zaman, meydana gelen kazalarda can kayb1 her zaman ¢ok ylksek olmustur. E) Toplu tasima araclarindan olan ugagin diigmesi ya da yolcu trenlerinin carpismasi gibi kazalar, can kaybinin én fazia oldugu kaza turleridir. 82. Through the steady income obtained from advertisements, magazines are able to reduce their prices while they improve their quality. A) Reklamiardan elde edilen diizenti gelir sayesinde dergiler, kalitelerini artinrken. fiyatiarin: digirebiimektedirler. B) Dergilerin kalitelerini artinrken fiyatlarint disiirebilmelerinin nedeni, reklamlardan diizenii gelir elde etmeleridir. €) Dergifer, reklamiardan elde ettikleri diizenii gelirle hem kalitelerini artirabiliyor hem de fiyatlarint diisiirebiliyortar. D) Reklamlardan diizenti gelir elde edebilen dergiler, bu sayede, daha diigiik bir fiyata yiksek kalite sunabiliyorlar. E) Kalitelerini artinrken fiyatlanin' diigik tutabilen dergiler, reklamlardan duzenli gelir elde edenterdir. 83. When Borge Ousland, a 31-year-old Norwegian explorer, arrived at the North Pole in 1994, he became the first person ever to make the trip alone and unaided. A) 31 yasindaki Norvegli arastirmaci- gezgin Borge Ousland, 1994'te Kuzey Kutbu'na ulagarak bu yoloulugu tek basina ve yardimsiz yapan ik kisi iinvanint ald B) Norvegii arastirmaci-gezgin Borge Ousland, 1994'te 31 yasindayken Kuzey Kutbu'na vardiginda, hig kimse bu yolculugu tek bagina ve yardimsiz yapmamisti. C) 1994'te 31 yagindaki Norvegii arasturmaci-gezgin Borge Oustand, Kuzey Kutbu'na vaninea, bu yoloulugu tek bagina ve yardimsiz yapan ilk kisi oldu: D) 1994'te Kuzey Kutbu'na tek basina ve yardimsiz yolculuk yapan ik kisi, 31 yasindaki Norvecii arastirmaci-gezgin Borge Ousland'dir. E) 31 yagindaki Norvegli arastirmaci- gezgin Borge Ousland, 1994'te Kuzey Kutbu'na tek basina ve yardim almaksizin ulagabilen ilk kigidir, . Tunisia, where agricultural production varies widely from one year to another because of erratic rainfall, has had to import cereals in recent years. A) Son yillarda tahit ithal etmek zorunda kalan Tunus'ta, istikrarsiz yagis nedeniyle tarimsal firetim yiidan yila biiyUk degisiklik géstermektedir. B) Istikrarsiz yagis ylzlinden tarim iretiminin yildan ysla biiydk dedisiklik gésterdigi Tunus, son yillarda tahil ithal etmek zorunda kalmisitr. C) istikrarsiz yagisiar nedeniyle tarimsal iretimin yildan yila biiyk degisildik gdstermesi sonucu, Tunus son yillarda tahil ithal etmeye baslamist D) Tunus'un son yillarda tah! ithal etmesinin nedeni, istikrarsiz yagrs ylatinden tarim tiretiminin yildan yila bilyik degisiklikier géstermesidir. E) Tunus, son yillarda tahil ithal etmek zorunda kalmistir, glinki istikrarsiz ya's yiziinden tarim Gretimi yildan yila Gok biiyiik degisiklikler géstermektedir. ee English Language Stuclies85. In the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, former world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali lit the Olympic torch. A) 1996 Atlanta Olimpiyat Oyunlarinda Olimpiyat mesalesini yakan kisi, diinya eski agir siklet boks sampiyonu olan Muhammed Al'ydi B) Muhammed Ali, diinya eski agir sikiet boks sampiyonu oldugu igin, 1996 Atlanta Olimpiyat Oyunleri'nda Olimpi- yat mesalesini yakma gérevi ona veri €) 1996 Atlanta Olimpiyat Oyunlar'nda Olimpiyat mesalesini yakan Muhammed Ali, diinya eski agir siklet boks gampiyonuydu, D) 1996 Atlanta Olimpiyat Oyuntari, diinya eski agir siklet boks sampiyonu Muhammed Alfrnin Olimpiyat megalesini yakmasiyla basiadi. E) 1996 Atlanta Olimpiyat Oyunlar'nda Olimpiyat mesalesini, diinya eski agir stklet boks sampiyonu Muhammed Ali yakmistt n Thirkee: akin ingilizce 86. Fransa ve Kuzey italya'nin etkisine ragmen Prag, 13. yiizyilda mimarhk alaninda farkh bir Bohemya gelenegi yaratabilmistir. A) The effects that France and Northem ltaly had on 13th century Prague's architecture were different from those Bohemia had traditionally been able to create. B) Although the influence of France and Norther Italy was significant, Prague managed to creale its own distinctive Bohemian architectural tradition in the 13th century. C) A different style of 13th century archi- tecture was preduced in the Bohemian tradition in Prague, in spite of French and Northern Italian influence. D) Despite the influence of France and Northern Italy, Prague was able to produce a distinct Bohemian tradition in architecture in the 13th century. E) Ignoring the influence of France and Northern Italy, Prague, in the 13th century, created a separate Bohemian tradition of architecture. IO® engish Language Stuces 88. ig ya da pigirilerek tiiketilen bir sebze olan taze brokoli, koyu yesil renkte oldugu zaman en lezzeti A) Fresh broccoli, a vegetable that is consumed raw or cooked, is most delicious when it is dark green in colour. B) Dark green in colour when served, fresh broccoli is a vegetable that is delicious both raw and cooked, C) The most delicious of the vegetables is fresh broccoli, which has a dark green colour and is served either raw or cooked. D) Fresh broccoli is delicious either raw or cooked, and is most often a dark green colour when it is served. &) A delicious vegetable that is served Taw oF cooked, fresh broccoli ought to be eaten when it is dark green in colour. Ucagimiz iki saat nce Tahran'a varmig olmaliydi, ama bir bomba ihbani yiiziin- den biz hala Frankfurt Havalimani'nda bekliyoruz. A) If it hadn't been for the bomb threat, we would have landed in Tehran airport two hours ago and wouldn't still be waiting here at Frankfurt Airport B) Our plane would be in Tehran by now, yet because of the bomb threat, we have been waiting here at Frankfurt Airport for two hours. C) Our airplane was going to leave for ‘Tehran two hours ago, yet due to a bomb threat, we are still at Frankfurt Airport waiting for take-off. D) Our plane was supposed to land in Tehran two hours ago, but we are still waiting at Frankfurt Airport because of a bomb threat. E) The bomb threat has been keeping us waiting at Frankfurt Airport, so we'll be arriving in Tehran two hours late | |90. Arkeologlann ortaya gikardigi buluntular, 89. Ortacag tagimaciliginin yetersizligi yiiziinden, iziim baglan nehir kenarlarinda yer almak zorundaydi. A) Vineyards used to be placed near rivers in the Middle Ages because of the inadequate means of transport. B) in medieval times, transport was limited, so people had to situate their vineyards by riversides. C) Owing to the insufficiency of medieval transport, vineyards had to be situated by riversides. D) As transportation in the Middle Ages was far from being adequate, vines had to be grown by rivers. E) Medieval transport was so limited that it was necessary for vineyards to be located beside rivers. Dh OU Vout balance yee oust Loe Iran‘daki Tepe Yahya bélgesinin M.O. 3. bin yilda talk mineralinin iiretim merkezi olabilecegini géstermektedir. A) Archaeologists have shown by their finds that the area called Tepe Yahya, in Iran, used to be a centre where the mineral talc was produced in the 3rd millennium BC. B) The finds archaeologists have discovered prove that the site of Tepe Yahya, in Iran, was a significant centre for the production of the mineral tale around the 3rd millennium BC. C) The region of Tepe Yahya, in Iran, was probably a centre for the manufacture of the mineral tale in the 3rd millennium BC, according to the findings of archaeologists. D) The finds unearthed by achaeologists imply that the site of Tepe Yahya, in tran, had probably been a centre for the production of the mineral talc since the 3rd millennium BC. E) The finds archaeologists have discovered indicate that the site of Tepe Yahya, in tran, may have been a centre for the production of the mineral talc in the 3rd millennium BC. English Language StudiesTEST YOURSELF 2 _ SSS I $ 1. Due to lack of definite information, some scholars believe that Homer The Odyssey, or even The Iliad. ‘A) wasn't supposed to write B) didn't use to write C) may not have written D) won't have written E) ought not to have written 2. You........ a shave before you set off for the interview—you don’t look very well like that. A) had to have B) used to have C) must have had D) would rather have ) ought to have 3. The Vikings ........ the Americas before Columbus, as archaeologists have found the remains of their settlements. A) will have reached B) may reach €) ought to have reached D) had fo reach £) must have reached 4, In Turkey, both Turkish citizens and foreigners ....... their identification cards with them wherever they go. A) have to carry B) must be carrying C) would rather have carried D) used to carry E) could have carried 5. No one........ the party better than Michael—it was absolutely fantastic! ‘A) must be organizing B) should have organized ) ought to be organizing D) could have organized E) had to organize TELE eration Language Stucies 6. 10. Before the twentieth century, saifors in the navy ...u. very difficult lives judging from their accommodation, food and conditions of service. A) had to have B) must have had C) would rather have D) have had E) must be having That......... Nadia calling; she always phones me around this time in the evening. A) had to be B) used to be C) would rather be D) has been E) must be Sean Connery a labourer before he became an actor. A) has been B) might be C) used to be D) had to be E) should be In Greek mythology, Achilles decided that he ........ young and be remembered forever, than live a long, happy but obscure life. A) ought to die B) could die C) had to die D) must die E) would rather die Even though | know we in tonight—I want to wate Adim Giiltepe. . stay A) don't have tollet’s B) can'tiwe must C) needn't/we had to D) won'tll used to E) mustn’t/I could4. 12. 43. 14, 15. Adolf Hitler ....... to hate Jews because of resentment against Ludwig Wittgenstein when they were both at school together, although the evidence for this is weak. A) must have started B) may have started C) has started D) used to start E) was able to start Melbourne ........ the capital of Australia until the government decided to move it to Canberra. A) used to be B) should have been C) may have been 1D) would rather be E) needed to be Franz Katka ....... his writing during the night because his full time job meant he ....... during the day. A) used to dolwon't have B) ought to have done/needn't have C) must have done/didn’t have to D) had to do/wasn't able to E) must do/might not have Jeremy ....... the guitar well, but he is too shy to do so in front of anyone but me. A) has to play B) must play C) can play D) should play E) needs to play | know that you want to watch TV, but ! nnn the evening reading poetry with you. A) have spent B) would rather spend C) must spend D) spend E) used to spend 16. Only citizens of Turkey, Slovenia, Macedonia and Japan, avisa before they visit Iran. A) weren't getting B) couldn't get C) don't need to get D) would rather not get ) may not have got 47. Sir Richard Burton ........ on the Hajj, even though he wasn’t a Muslim, by pretending to be a doctor from South Asia. A) was able to go B) must have gone C) would rather go D) may have gone £) is supposed to go 18. In the future, because of global warming, temperatures around the world ....... hotter on average than they A) are B) would rather be C) have been D) need to be E) will be 19. Neil at 8.00 this evening, but he didn’t finally turn up until after 10.00. A) used to come B) must have come C) may have come D) was supposed to come E) will have come 20. People in London ........ more afraid of travelling on the underground now than they were before the bombings in the city. A) must be B) can be C) were D) need to be E) used to be English Language Studies SEE21. tn the end, John ......a copy of A Discourse on Inequality, as he borrowed one from the library for free. A) must not have bought B) needn't have bought C) didn’t use to buy D) ought not to have bought E) couldn't have bought 22, Just before the actual day, the match when the stadium was discovered to be unsafe. A) has been cancelled B) has to be cancelled €) was cancelled D) must have cancelled ) was supposed to cancel 23, It .. a long time for drivers to cross the Bosphorus before the road bridges were built across it. A) used to take B) has taken C) should have taken D) was able to take E) ought to take 24. Neslihan ........ on a daytrip to Anitkabir tomorrow, but we want her to come with us today when it won't be so crowded. A) must have gone B) is able to go C) must be going 1D) has been going E) was going to go 25. If | were you, |........ Russian language and literature at university, but the choice is yours, of course. A) used to study B) must have studied C) was studying D) would study E) could have studied IDE enero uingage 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. John Stuart Mill was a remarkable child, as he ....... Plato and Demosthenes in Greek, and comment on them, at the age of 10. A) would sooner read B) was able to read C) must have read D) could have read E) ought to read Conchita ........ over tomorrow, but it’s not certain, as she ........ late at the clinic. A) must come/wauld have worked B) will come/must work C) may come/is supposed to work D) has had to come/must be working E) might come/used to work William Thesiger concluded that he his time sharing the hard life of the Bedouin in the Rub al Khali than work and live in Britain. A) would rather spend B) has to spend €) used to spend D) spends E) ought to spend Sevim ....... up early this Sunday, because her bus to Mus leaves at 7.00 am. A) might get B) is able to get C) used to get D) has got E) has to get Eleni ........ how much the dinner cost before she ate it, and then she wouldn't have paid so much money for it. A) used to ask B) must have asked C) may have asked D) should have asked E) would rather have asked31. 32. 33. 35. Countries around the world ....... their ‘own time systems until a standard global system came into use in the first half of the twentieth century. A) ought to have had B) will have had G) would sooner have D) used to have &) must have Jeff's sister is fluent in three languages, but he ........ barely own language correctly. his A) must...speak B) can...speak G) should...speak D) might...have spoken E) has...spoken With current population trends, India the world’s most populous country by 2030. A) would sooner become B) needs to become C) should become D) has become E) used to become .. this report on the company finances finished before tomorrow, or | my job. ‘A) would rather getimust lose B) could getimay lose C) must get/might lose D) ought to get/have to lose E) have been able to get/lose M the cat that killed that bird— look he has a feather and blood in his mouth, A) bad better be B) may have been C) used to be D) was able to be E) must have been 36, Aygegiil attended an intensive language course last month, and since then, she ........ English a little more fluently. A) could speak B) has been able to speak C) may have spoken D) will have been speaking E) is speaking 37. I don’t think the blue sofa looks very nice—....... buy the green one. A) let's B) why don't ) Idon't mind D) I'd prefer ) I'd like 38, |... the Aztec and Mayan ruins of Mexico than go on vacation to New York City, ‘A) would prefer to explore B) will bo exploring C) used to explore D) must explore £) may be exploring 39. Even though there is an official death certificate proving that he died, some people still think that Andy Kauffman . still alive. A) is able to be B) needs to be C) may be D) will be _E) would rather be 40. You ........ that much money from the bank unless you are sure that you really A) might not borrow/are supposed to B) would sooner not borrow/will C) didn’t use to borrowican D) had better not borrow/have to E) couldn't have borrowed/must English Language Studiaw. 42. 45. . Danie! Tammet, who is autistic, Abu Dhabi........ a tiny pearl diving town, but now it is one of the most modern metropolises in the Middle East. A) should be B) used to be C) needed to be D) could be E) will have been Wes ...... the electricity bill before November 7th, but he forgot all about it so it was cut off. ‘A) was supposed to have paid B) used to pay C) would rather have paid D) must have paid E) may have paid . Following a decision of Sultan Selim II in 1566, the Janissaries no longer .. unmarried while in service. A) had to remain B) must have remained C) would sooner have remained D) preferred to have remained E) will have remained mathematical calculations faster than a calculator and speak seven languages. A) needs to perform B) must be performing €) has to perform D) should be performing E) can perform In Singapore people ........ public toilets after using them, or the police ..... them. A) have to flush/used to arrest B) may flush/might arrest C) must flush/can arrest D) can flustvlet’s arrest E) need to flush/would rather arrest English Language Studies. 47. 48. A) You don't have to eat pork in Saudi Arabia B) You would rather not bring your Barbie dolls to Russia €) You needn't speak badly about the Thai monarchy D) You mustn't smoke in bars in ireland E) Let's not read the Da Vinci Code on holiday As people have been living there for around 4000 years, ... A) Stonehenge must be Britain's most mysterious tourist attraction B) the Egyptians were able to go to war against the Nubians C) the Sumerians used to be the most powerful people in Mesopotamia D) the Achaeans had to invade and conquer Greece E) Aleppo may be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world Although Natasha Demkina claimed she had X-ray visiOn, wns A) in a test she couldn't see a huge metal plate in someone's skull B) she said she was able to see the organs inside people’s bodies €) some people must have believed that she was telling the truth D) she doesn't need any special equipment to make her diagnoses E) she may have gained this amazing ability early in her lite49. 52... To get rid of your headache .. A) it must be a migraine B) you should take an aspirin. C) you must have been very stressed D) it might just pass on its own E) let's do some serious studying . Visitors from Turkey can become confused on Gypriot roads ... A) the British must have designed the system B) and they are able to communicate easily C) because they are supposed to be on holiday D) since they must be using the Turkish currency E) as they have to drive on the left-hand side than deal with the causes of war. A) The peace process in Sri Lanka may lead to a permanent end to hostilities B) Wester countries should stop interfering in the Middle East ) Governments around the world would sooner spend money on weapons D) The United Nations Security Council ought to include more members E) Any attempt to promote peace must examine the positions of both sides ., but they had sold out by the time that I got there. A) | was supposed to buy some bread from the bakery B) | could have paid your electricity bill for you C) | must have watched this Cem Yilmaz sketch a hundred times D) | had to work in the shop all through the afternoon E) | may have bought some tangerines at the market 53. Instead of going to a café, ‘A) a cappuccino must be very expensive there B) we always have to go by minibus €) Fd rather go somewhere for a cup of coffee D) let's spend the afternoon by the sea E) I have some money so ! can pay 54. ....... but now he is a celebrated writer. A) Kazuo Ishiguro would rather have produced works of fiction B) Julian Bames can speak French fluently €) Colm Téibin used to be an editor of a magazine D) JM Coetzee may have won the Nobel Prize for literature E) Achmat Dangor must have read Franz Kafka but as she doesn’t have a birth certificate nobody knows for certain A) Amelia Earhart must have died after losing her airplane in the Pacific Ocean B) Katrina Cuaresma Sapal from Mindanao may be the oldest person on earth €) The singer Tina Turner once used to have the name Anna Mae Bullock D) The British Government preferred to deny a visa to Leila Khaled E) Australia could force a 04-year-old Chinese woman to return to China cnglsh tangunge Scies SHE56. Sonia was supposed to have taken her laptop to work this morning — she must have forgotten it. A) it is probable that Sonia accidentally left her laptop here, as she had to take it to work this morning. B) Sonia may have gone to work with her laptop or she might have forgotten to do so. C) Sonia possibly forgot that she had to take her laptop with her to her job this morning. D) Sonia may not have remembered to bring her laptop to work this moming, although she should have done so. E) Sonia has to remember that she should bring her laptop with her to work this morning. 57. You must not bring any kind of weapon or dangerous chemicals onto an airplane. A) You aren't supposed to take any one from a variety of weapons, or risky chemicals onto an airplane. B) You needn't camry tools of violence or unsafe chemicals when getting onto an airplane. €) It is probably not you who carries dangerous instruments or unsafe chemicals while travelling on an airplane. D) You don't have to carry a type of weapon or poisonous chemicals when you fly by plane. E) It is forbidden for you to take onto an airplane any type of aggressive instrument or risky chemicals. SEED ngion Language Stsies_ 58. Many amateur historians believe that Atlantis may have existed, but most serious ones reject this. A) Serious and amateur historians are not able to agree on whether Atlantis was reai or whether it was just a myth, B) Although the majority of serious historians don't accept the fact that there was a place called Atlantis, a large number of amateurs consider the possibility it did exist C) Despite most amateur historians thinking that Atlantis must have been real, the greater number of serious historians believe that they are wrong, D) While the average serious historian thinks that the existence of Atlantis, was only a possibility many amateur ones are quite certain that there actually was a place of that name. E) The greater number of serious historians only say that Atlantis could have existed while a large number of amateur ones say that it certainly did. 59. Tom Hanks used to star mostly in comedy films, but in the 1990s he took ‘on more serious roles. A) Tom Hanks would rather play serious characters in films because he had enough of his roles in many comedies before the 1990s, B) From the 1990s onwards Tom Hanks had to accept serious roles but he had mainly acted in funny films in the past. C) Tom Hanks is able to act in comedy films as well as serious ones as his career before and after the 1990s shows. D) Before he started playing more serious characters Tom Hanks must have appeared in a number of comedy films. E) In the 1990s Tom Hanks began acting more important roles, even though he had mainly featured in comedy films before. I60. David couldn't have broken your CD player as he was sitting in the living room with me all evening. A) David wasn't able to damage your CD player as | kept him sitting with me in the living room for the entire evening. B) David can't have smashed your CD player on the evening when we spent our whole time sitting together in the living room. C) Because for the whole evening | was sitting with David in the living room, it is impossible that he broke your CD player. D) Since | was sitting with David in the living room for the most part of the evening, it is unlikely that he destroyed your CD player at that time. E) David and | spent the evening together sitting in the living room, but itis stil probable that he broke your CD player. . Dogs can hear sounds that are higher pitched and lower pitched than those humans can hear. A) Dogs are able to hear high and low pitched sounds, but humans aren't. B) Humans aren't able to hear sounds as high or low pitched as those dogs are able to. €) Dogs must hear both higher and lower pitched sounds than humans. D) Humans are not supposed to hear the high and low pitched sounds that dogs are able to. E) Dogs usually hear sounds that are higher or lower in pitch than those heard by humans. CER 62. 63. In the time of the Emperor Qin, farmers from all over China had to build the Great Wall. A) During the reign of Emperor Qin Chinese farmers preferred to help construct the Great Wall B) Farmers from everywhere in China were able to work on the Great Wall during the Emperor Qin’s reign ¢) When Qin was the emperor, farmers from every part of China had no choice but to construct the Great Wall. 1D) Farmers from each part of China must have built the Great Wall during the time of the Emperor Qin. E) While Qin was the emperor of China farmers from all parts of the country should have made the Great Wall. The American actor Johnny Depp would rather live in France than the US. A) Johnny Depp prefers to have his home in France than in the country he is from. B) The American actor Johnny Depp must be living in France and not in his native country. C) Johnny Depp, the actor from America, thinks that France is a better country than the US. D) Johnny Depp, the American actor, should move his home from France to the US. E) Actor Johnny Depp used to live in the US, where he is from, but now he lives in France. ee English Language Studles64, Let’s go to the cinema tonight; there must be an exciting film on this week. A) This week | want to watch a horror film at the cinema — how about tonight? B) | know there is an interesting film on tonight so we should go to the cinema and see it. C) It is possible there is a moving film on at the cinema this week; tonight we could go and see it. D) Tonight, shall we go and see whether any good films have come to the cinema this week? E) As itis probable there is a thriling film on this week we ought to go to the cinema tonight. 65. Visitors to Thailand ought not to show the soles of their feet to anyone, as it is very rude to do so there. A) Since it is impoiite to do so there, people travelling in Thailand mustn't expose the soles of their feet in the direction of others. B) People visiting Thailand don’t have to uncover the soles of their feet, as it can be extremely rude to do so there. ) It is better that people travelling in Thailand don't expose the soles of their feet to others, as it is impolite to do so there. D) Fearing that they might seem rude, people on a trip in Thailand can't let other people see the soles of their feet. E) The soles of the feet are very rude to Thais, so people visiting there prefer not to show them to the local people ADE engion vanquage Sets 66. 67. In periods when there was no refrigeration, people used to preserve meat with the help of such additives as salt, vinegar and various spices. A) Sogutucunun olmadig: dénemlerde insantar, efi korumak igin tuz, sirke ve cesitii baharatiardan olugan yardimei Katki maddeleri kullanmisiardh. B) Sogutucunun olmadig: dénemlerde insanlar, eti saklamak igin tuz, sirke ve cesitii baharatiardan olugan katkt maddeleri kullanirlard). C) Sogutucunun olmadig: dénemlerde insanlar eti, tuz, sirke ve gesitli baharatlar gibi katki maddeleri yardimiyla saklardi, 1D) Sogutucunun olmadig: dénemlerde insanlar, tuz, sirke ve cesitii baharatlar gibi katki maddeleri kullanarak eti saklamay! dgrenmislerdir. E) Sogutucunun olmadigi dénemlerde insanlar, eti korumak igin tuz, sirke ve cesitii baharatiar gibi katkt maddelerinden yararlanmisiardir. Mankind may have been producing alcoholic beverages by fermenting the sugar in fruits and grains for a much longer period than we guess. A) Meyve ve tahillardaki gekeri mayalamay! dgrenen insanoglunun, bilinenden gok daha uzun bir siiredir alkolli icki Urettigi tahmin edilmektedir. 8) Insanogiu, meyve ve tahillardaki gekeri mayalayarak, sandigimizdan cok daha uzun bir siiredir alkolli igki diretiyor olabitir. C) Meyve ve tahillardaki gekeri mayalamay! bilen insanoglu, aslinda sanilandan gok daha uzun bir stiredir alkolla igki Gretebilmektedir. D) Belki de insanoglu, meyve ve tahillardaki gekerden yararlanarak, tahmin edilenden cok daha uzun bir siiredir alkoltt icki Gretmektedir E) insanogiu, meyve ve tahillardaki sekerden yararianarak alkolli icki Uretmeye, sandigimizdan gok daha uzun bir siire énce baslamis olabilir.63. 69. The mechanic said there was no problem with three of the tyres, but one was badly worn out and had to be replaced. A) Tamirci, lastiklerden birinin cok aginmig oldugunu ve degistiriimesi gerektigini séyledi, ama diger tigiinde bir sorun yokmus. B) Tamircinin sdyledigine gore, dg lastikte sorun yok, ancak, cok asinmis oldugu igin, digerini degistirmek zorundayiz. €) Tamirci, lastiklerin iigiinde bir sorun olmadigi igin sadece birini D) Tamirci, lastiklerden tigi olmadigini, ama birinin ¢ok asinmis oldugunu ve dedistirimesi gerektigini sdyledi E) Tamircinin sdyledigjine gére, lastiklerin iiginde bir sorun yok, ama biri cok zorunda With a far more moderate approach, the government could have prevented the rise of the public’s opposition to the tax rises. A) Hiikiimet cok daha ilimii yaklagabilseyci, vergi artis! konusunda toplumsal muhalefet tirmanmayabbliirdi. B) Hiktimet gok daha tml bir yaklagimla, vergi artis: konusunda toplumsal muhalefetin tirmanmasini dnleyebilirdi C) Vergi artigi konusunda toplumsal muhalefetin tirmanmasini dniemnek igin, hiikiimetin daha smh: davranmast gerekiyordu. 1D) Vergi artis: konusunda toplumsat muhalefetin tirmanmasint hiiktimet, daha tlimit bir yaklagimia Snleyebildi. E) Vergi artis: konusunda timanan topiumsal muhalefete karst hikiimet gok daha limit olmalydi, SS 70. Though it is not certain, some of Virgil's early poetry may have survived to this day in a book known as the Appendix Vergiliana. A) Virgil'in ilk siirlerinden bazilar, kesin olmamakla birlikte, Appendix Vergiliana adiyla bilinen bir kitapta giinimize kadar gelmig olabitir B) Virgifin ilk siirlerinden bazilarinin, kesin olmasa da, Appendix Vergiliana adinda bir kitapta glintimiize kadar gelmis oldugu diigintilmektedir. C) Virgitin ilk sirlerinden bazilan, bayak bir olasilikta Appendix Vergiliana adi Kitabiyla giindmiize kadar ulasmisti. D) Virgitin ilk sirterinden bazilan Appendix Vergiliana adiyla bilinen kitabiyla giinumize kadar ulastigy bilgisi kesin degildir. E) Appendix Vergiliana adiyia giniimiize kadar gelmig olan kitap, kesin olmamakla birlikte, Virgit in ik sirlerini igeriyor olabili. sorularda, veriten Tirkce. mea ‘en yakin Ingili: 71, Eger bu hobi kulibiiniin etkinlikleri sana hitap ediyorsa, kuliibiin web sayfasini ziyaret edip fiyelik kogullarryla ligili bilgi edinebilirsin. A) All of the details about membership of this hobby club are on its website, so you can find any information that interests you there. B) If you are interested in its facilities, you should visit the club's web-page to get any information about how to obtain membership. C) If you find the facilities of this hobby club interesting, you must visit the club's website to get the information on the conditions of being a member. D) The facilities of this hobby club are very appealing, and by visiting its web- page, you can receive the information about what you will need for membership. E) If the facilities of this hobby club appeal to you, you could visit the club's web-page and obtain information about the conditions for membership. English Language Studies “SE72. Biitiin canh organizmalar, siirekli olarak, kendilerine zarar verebilecek kapasiteye sahip maddelere maruz kalirlar. A) All living organisms are continuously exposed to substances that are capable of causing them harm. 8) Some substances have the capacity of causing harm to all living organisms they come into contact with. ©) All living organisms are affected when they are constantly exposed to certain harmful substances. D) Certain substances always cause great harm to the living organisms that they come into contact with. E) Some substances are capable of causing great harm to the living organisms which are exposed to them for extended periods. 73. Tarihlerine damga vuran ciddi siyasi krizlere ragmen, Siimer ve Akad uygarliklari zengin kiiltiirler inga edebilmisler A) The rich cultures built by Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations were amazing, considering the serious political crises that marked their histories. B) Despite the rich cultures built by the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations, it was their serious political crises that marked their histories. C) In spite of the serious political crises that marked their histories, the ‘Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations were able to build up rich cultures. D) The histories of the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations were marked with political crises, yet they still managed to create rich cultures. E) The significant political crises that distinguished their histories did not prevent the Sumerians and Akkadians ‘from constructing rich cultures. AGED enon anges 74, Aslinda evini gok farkh bir stilde désemeyi tercih ederdi, ama maddi olarak giicii ancak buna yeti. A) If she had had the financial ability, she would have furnished the house in a different style. B) She would really rather have furnished her house in quite a different style, but she could only afford this. €) She would have done the furnishing in a different manner, but her finances were insufficient, D) She would have preferred the house to have been furnished differently, but she wasn't rich enough to do so. ) She had to furnish her house quite differently from how she actually wanted to do it because she couldn't have afforded it that way. 75. Béyle kick bir salon kiraladiklarina gére, seminere bu kadar cok insanin katilacagint ummamig ofmahtar. A) They may have hired such a small hall because they weren't expecting so many people to attend the seminar. B) They hired a small hall for the seminar as they didn’t expect that a large number of people would attend it. C) Judging from the size of the hall, obviously they didn't expect such great attendance at the seminar. D) Seeing as they hired such a small hall, they must not have expected that so many people would attend the seminar. E) They should have expected that a lot of people would attend the seminar and therefore hired a larger hall.A 10.All the students .. LEARN THESE PHRASAL VERBS Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. Pay attention to the verb form. 4. build up increase or strengthen gradually 2. hang out at be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place, esp. in idling away one’s free time 3. come over visit informally 4, hold up hinder; delay 5. grow up {g0 from being a child to becoming an adult 6. play along (with sb/sth) cooperate, or go along (with sbsth) 7. slip away leave quietly and unnoticed; steal off 8. take on hire; employ 9. lay over make a short of temporary stop, 2s during a trip 10. pay back take revenge or punish ‘The operation teft him rather weak and susceptible to infections, but with the affectionate care of his mother and a lengthy rest at home, he was able 10 .!.sssescsecseeessn Hi resistance again. The firm has been doing such a large volume of business lately that they will need to a few more employees soon. if you aren't having fun at the party, We CaN «.esssessserseee that we have left. .. and no one will even know Ewas born in Oregon, but .....ssssessssseesee in California, where my parents moved when Iwas still a baby because of the better job opportunities there for my father. Why don't you .....ssrcsssssssssn fo my house tomorrow night so that we can watch movies and eat popeorn? Twas late for work this morning because | WAS ....----sci-se-se. bY a traffic jam on the highway. After work, we generally ke to... .ss OU favorite tea garden while we discuss what we were doing during the day. When | fly to Los Angeles, | will... in Amsterdam for a couple of hours, so | will have just enough time to buy my favourite Dutch cheese. When Kathryn discovered that her Boyfriend had been seeing other girls, she ... RIM. -snre-nene BY throwing all of his belongings into the trash. wuss: With the joke on their teacher for April Fool's Day, and so they were hiding in the coat room when she came in the classroom. Replace the italicized phrasal verb with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the verb form. punish visit leave hire stop strengthen When the argument between the two groups of football fans looked as if it would turn violent, | slipped away (...... serves) and went home. We wili lay over (... 2} Bolu on our way to Ankara, but I'm afraid we won't be there long enough to see you. The athlete ate a lot of nourishing foods and dietary supplements in order to build up (. ....) his body for the competition. Paul and Karen have decided fo take o7 (.......:+ssse-rens) @ nanny for the baby since: they both work during the day. Some friends from work might come over (....... pool table and maybe play a few games. ‘When the small-time criminat tried to encroach on the local mafia's gambling business, they paid ( sa.) him back by breaking his fingers. ...) this Saturday to see our new ei [English Language Studies,Complete the sentences using the phrasal verbs below. Pay attention to the verb form. 1 2 3. 4, 5. 6. cA 8. 9. 10. The misfortunes Sheil 2 3. 4. pick up gather, esp. in an orderly manner 2. introduce sb to sth help sb experience sth for the first time 3, make away with steal 4, clear off remove in order to make room 5, beat up beat thoroughly in a competition or fight; thrash 6. fall out quarrel and stop being friends 7. roll out outspread, or flatten 8. look after take care of sb or sth by keeping them healthy, safe, or | in good condition, E 9. kick back relax 10. get down depress; discourage; exhaust This weekend, | am looking forward to doing nothing more than .. sand watching television. Bullies at school usually only ...........:..0..----. Kids who are smaller than them, and thus cannot defend themselves very well After we have finished eating dinner, let's... the table and set up thé board game we bought yesterday. Set up the tent and then . sssssssnse the sleeping bags inside while | unpack the food and cook dinner. Let's get someone to ... dinner by ourselves. ‘The thief got into the house through an unlocked window and ...... cash and many valuable items. Paul and Mike used to be close, but three years ago they se over a girl who they both liked, and although neither of them got the girl, they haven't spoken to each other since then. Nick first. ..ssoe-eee Brian... the joys of hiking ten years ago, and since then he has been going to the mountains whenever he has the chance. Please ...... . your dirty clothes from the floor and put them in the laundry basket in the bathroom. . the children on Friday night so that we can go to $5000 in has had recently have really... NEP ccsssseeeeeny and She Is feeling rather bad these days. Replace the italicized phrasal verb with a verb from the list. Pay attention to the verb form. gather disagree outspread steal remove discourage ‘The embezzler made away with (... .) over one million dollars by secretly transferring small amounts of money to an off-shore account over the course of five years They rolled (.... ..) a sheet out over the carpet to stop the new paint from dripping on it Don't iet this small failure got (.. ..) you down; it’s not so important and tim sure you will succeed next time anyway. After the children went to bed, the mother had to pick up (.....-....---.-0..-.) all the toys which were scattered all over the room. The partners fell out (... ..) over who should make the final management decisions and, because of this conflict, their business began to fail We need to clear off (... .) some items from the attic before we can take these old chairs there, as it looks as if it's already full English Language Studlesmaces! PARAGRAPH STUDIES Bir paragraft olusturan destekleyici ciimlelerin (supporting sentences), paragrafin konu ciimlesi ile (topic sentence) uyumiu oimasi gerektigini énceki galigmamizda gérmiistik. “Topic sentence" ile “supporting sentences” arasinda olmasi gereken lligkiyi, agagidaki Srnek izerinde birlkte inceleyelim. Endangered Animals Asgagida bir “topic sentence" ve bu konu etrafinda dénen yedi ciimle veritmistir. Bu climlelerden bazilan verilen konu ciimlesini destekleyen ciimlelerdir. Baztlani ise, konu clmlesine yakinmis. gibi gdriinse de, aslinda konuyu farkl: bir bigimde ele alan climlelerdir. Oncelikle, bizim konu ciimlemizi destekleyen ciimleleri secelim: Topic: There are many reasons why animals become endangered. a) The main danger comes from humans’ encroaching into the habitats of species, leaving less and less space for the animals to survive. b) First of all, learn all about endangered animals and share this information with everyone so as to increase people's awareness of the problem. ©) Humans also pollute some habitats with chemicals and refuse, making them unfit for wildlife, d) Animals may also become endangered through direct destruction, including the hunting of animals for their products or just for fun. e) Avoid buying any products made from endangered animals. ) People value some wild species as pets, which encourages a greedy trade in these animals, even if their numbers are dwindling, 9) Support zoos, reserves, and organizations that help animals by offering your money, time, and ideas. Konu ciimlemiz, “Hayvanlarin yok olma tehlikesiyle karg! karsiya gelmelerinin birgok nedeni vardir.” olduguna gére, bunu destekleyen ciimieler, bu nedenleri ifade etmeliir. Verilen climicleri sirasiyla okudugumuzda, a, ¢, d ve f ciimlelerinde, bu nedenlerin siralandigint gorilyoruz. Gyleyse, "topic sentence’ ile “supporting sentences" bir araya geldiginde, agagidaki paragraf ortaya giker. “There are many reasons why animals become endangered. The main danger comes from humans’ encroaching into the habitats of the species, leaving less and less space for the animals to survive. Humans also poflute some habitats with chemicals and refuse, making them unfit for wildlife. Animals may also become endangered through direct destruction, including the hunting of animats for their products, or just for fun. People value some wild species as pets, which encourages a greedy trade of these animals even though their numbers are dwindling.” b, e ve g ciimielerinde ise, yine yok olma tehlikesiyle karst kargtya olan hayvanlara igi, ancak onlara nasil yardim edilebilecedinin yollarini gésteren ifadeler gériiyoruz, Bu ciimleter de birbiriyle baglantilidir ve bunian bir topic ile iligkilencirdigimizde, asagidaki paragrafi elde ederiz, Topic: You can help save endangered animals in several ways. “You can help save endangered animals in several ways. First of all, jearn all about endangered animals and share this information with everyone to increase people's awareness of the problem. Avoid buying any products made from endangered animals. Support zoos, reserves, and organizations that help animals by offering your money, time and ideas.” English Language Studies“Léon Theremin and the Theremin Read the topic sentence and the sentences given below. Then, choose the supporting sentences that go with the topic sentence. Topic: In 1919, Léon Theremin invented the musical instrument that bears his name. Supporting sentences: a) One of his students was his niece Lydia Kavina. b) The theremin is an electronic musical instrument that resonates sound. ¢) It is unique among musical instruments in that it is performed without being touched by the operator. d) Léon Theremin began training Lydia Kavina in the 1970s, when she was nine years old. e) The musician stands in front of the instrument and moves his or her hands near its two metal antennas. f) Today, Kavina is considered one of the most talented and famous thereminists in the world. 9) The theremin is particularly popular among new musicians because of its perceived freedom from traditional compositional structures Which of the sentences below may be the best topic sentence for the sentences that are not related to the topic given above? a) Léon Theremin was both a performer and a teacher of his invention, the theremin, b) Some modem musicians use the theremin as a classical instrument. c) Having lost popularity for a while, the theremin has once again become more widely used by contemporary musicians. Supporting sentences: OBE: engish Language StudiesER Air Pollution Read the topic sentence and the sentences given below. Then, choose the ‘supporting sentences that go with the topic sentence. Topic: Air pollution has both a number of different causes and a number of different effects on people and the environment. Supporting sentences: a) Tobacco smoke, while it easily dissipates outside, is easily trapped inside a home, as any smoker can tell you. b) Radon is a natural radioactive gas that is released by the Earth, and it can be found in the basements of many homes around the world. ©) Smog results largely from automobile exhaust and industrial emissions, and can make the air in cities difficult to bear. d) The greenhouse effect comes from the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can trap heat on the Earth, thus causing climate to change for the worse. e) Vapors released from building materials, paints, fumiture, and other such things also stalk around our homes, allowing us to breath them in. f) Aerosol cans, cooling systems, and refrigerator equipment contiribute to ozone depletion, which allows radiation that can cause skin cancer to reach the Earth. g) Acid rain—-caused when pollutants combine with water in the air and then fall as rain or snow—damages plants, poisons the soil, and changes the chemistry of bodies of water. Which of the sentences below may be the best topic sentence for the sentences that are not related to the topic given above? a) Air pollution has both short-term and long-term effects to both human beings and the environment. b) Medical conditions arising from the effects of air pollution cost billions of dollars every year. ¢) Most people think of pollution as something outdoors, but there is also such a thing as indoor pollution Supporting sentences: English Language Studies _eRe Management Read the topic sentence and the sentences given below. Then, choose the supporting sentences that go with the topic sentence. Topic: In any company of significant size, management is different levels so as to facilitate work. livided into Supporting sentences: a) Below them comes middle management, whose primary activity is to monitor the activities of subordinates and then report to their seniors. b) And finally, of course, comes the rank and file: these are the actual workers, who, though not managers as such, are responsible for producing the actual product. ¢) First, by delegating responsibility but not authority, he or she discourages decision- making and leadership skills among employees. ) Worst of all, because subordinates tend to feel frustrated and powerless under this style of management, there is always the chance that they might simply leave their job. €) At the fop, there is the senior management: they are entrusted with the responsibility of running the day-to-day operations of the company as a whole. f) Next come low-level managers and forepersons; their job is to supervise the actions of workers, giving them instructions and leading them in teams. g) Also, owing to frequent disagreements between he or she and subordinates, workplace politics can come to take the place of producing good work. Which of the sentences below may be the best topic sentence for the sentences that are not related to the topic given above? a) While management has been present for thousands of years, several writers have created a background of works still vital to modern management theories. b) Micromanagers, who observe and control their workers to an excessive degree, create many disadvantages in the workplace. ¢) Owing to certain technological changes in recent years, middle management positions have come under threat. Supporting sentences: ABE ingion Language Studies1:8. soruiarda; ciimiode bog biraialan - yerlere uygun diisen si rada. Although the economy is growing, the between the rich and the poor is widening sharply. A) reduction B) finance ©) position D) gap E) belief . Electronic products from Turkey cannot be used in Japan as they are not ....... ith the voltage system there, A) comparative B) comfortable C) compatible D) coexistent E) collapsible coming, as | saw him e must be late, that’s A) definitely B) exactly ©) correctly D) nearly E) swiftly . As a whole, the countries of Africa ...... over 60% of their gross domestic product as debt to foreign countries. A) loan C) persuade E) owe B) reward D) invest 3. After she had been prison, Andrea had great difficulty in finding a job. A) set out on B) got rid of ) put up with D) let out of E) cut down on PRACTICE EXAM 3 . Ferhan’s parents were surprised . We ...... our team’s match-winning goal when someone in the street bullet through our window. .a A) were celebrating / fired B) have celebrated / fires €) will celebrate / had fired D) had celebrated / has fired E) are celebrating / is firing It is possible that people ‘on the moon by the time 1 ... old. A) are living/have become B) live/will have become €) will be living/become D) will live/will become E) will have lived/became If the Earth's tectonic plates ....... to move in the same direction, one day the Mediterranean Sea... A) are continuing/has disappeared B) continuediwas disappearing C) continue/will disappear D) had continuediwill have disappeared E) were continuing/disappears 9-15. sorularda, ciimlede bog birakilan. _yetlere uygun dlisen sozcik ya da jifadeyi bulunuz. how strongly she insisted ...... not going to university. A) by / from B) at/on C) upon / to D) with / over E) in / about English Language Studies “Gi10. The Italian activist Errico Malatesta dedicated his life ...... the pursuit ...... freedom and equality. A) from / in €) with / through E) to / of B) at / by D) for / on 14. Exactly ...... people live in Istanbul is uncertain, but the city is at least twice the size of Ankara. A) whenever B) where ¢) how many D) how often E) who else 12, Supposedly, Socrates didn't consider to be wise, but some of fellow citizens did. A) himselt/his B) hersitheir €) his own/him D) they/his own E) helthey . not fished commercially, the goblin shark is sometimes caught accicentally, and its meat is eaten after being dried and salted. A) Although C) Anything E) Before B) Since D) What else 14. its restored historical houses and its cuisine, Beypazart is also famous for telkari—a type of handcrafted silver jewellery. A) In addition to B) Because of C) Furthermore D) By the time £) As long as 45, Students at Atatiirk University in Erzurum have begun a project ...... try and revive the art of carpet-making in the city. A) in case €) unless B) so that D) in spite of E) so as to BOD engin tanguage Sectes Silk was first developed in early China, possibly (16) ....... 6000 BC and definitely by 3000 BC. Silk (17) ....... since then in clothing manufacture and (18) ....... handicrafts. Today, silk is used (19) ..... for traditional products ........ for medem items (20) .. parachutes and bicycle tires. Chinese doctors have even used it to make prosthetic arteries, Silk cloth can also be used as a material to write on, 16. A)asearlyas —_B) so early that €) early enough —_D) too early for £) the earliest 47. A) is used B) has been used ) was used D) will be used E) is being used 48. A) much C) any one E) other B) each D) whichever 19 A) not only...but also B) neither...nor ©) cither...and D) both...but £) whether. .not 20. A) yet C) just B)as D) like E) evenee 24. ...1., whereas eating fatty foods can lead to certain diseases. A) Not all fruits contain a high amount of natural sugar B) You should exercise three times a day €) Salads can be good for your health D) You can use a wide variety of ingredients to make a salad E) Some people are so fond of junk food 22. When you move into a new apartment, A) you have to provide some references to the owner of the place B) the moving company must have damaged some of your furniture C) I'm surprised that you didn’t have to give any deposit D) your extremely large sofa has definitely taken up a lot of space E) the new security system has not been working properly 23. however, hardly any of them remember what he told them. A) The tour guide wasn't very well informed B) There weren't many people at the conference C) Quite a few people came to every lecture he gave D) My father is always telling stories at dinnertime E) The politician's speech was the worst he'd ever given 24. Instead of going to bed early the night before she left on holiday, ...... A) she wouldn't have been so well prepared otherwise B) she practised French every day and was ready by that time C) my cousin went out with her fiends and never even bothered to pack D) there was still some confusion about the hotel as the date approached ) she will arrive late at the airport and miss her flight 25, At the meeting were members representing all the dormitories on campus, A) which have been housing students for more than twenty years B) what new students should de when they first arrive €) so most of them are senior students and the rest junior or sophomore D) not all of them have been fitted with new hot water heaters E) that they have stil not discussed all the issues on their agenda 26. ......, yet | have rarely been so disappointed by anything in my life. A) The travel agent warned me about pickpockets B) I'm going to be the happiest trekker in Thailand €) The guidebook said it wasn't worth the effort D) Watching the sunset over the Lake Palace in Udaipur, India E) I was so looking forward to the elephant ride English Language Studies “EAD27. To get ourselves very well-prepared for the upcoming debate, A) from which several teams have already been knocked out B) it's only three weeks before we need to be there C) where many speakers will compete in the championship D) our team is practising for several hours a day E) all of the competitors will be hoping to win 28, Zeppelins were used as bombers during World War I, ...... because they were vuinerable to gunfire. A) provided that they were protected from bad weather B) as their size was a masterpiece of engineering C) so the first raid was on 19 January 1915 D) but were not notably successful E) when a total of eighty-eight Zeppelins were built ABA engisn Language Studies 29. Lysistrata is an anti-war comedy written by Aristophanes during the Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens. A) Lysistrata, Aristophanes tarafindan Sparta ve Atina arasindaki Peloponez Savasi sirasinda yazilmis savas karsitt bir komedidir B) Aristophanesin savas kargitt komedisi Lysistrata, Sparta ve Atina arasindaki Peloponez Savas! sirasinda yazilmistir. ©) Aristophanes savag kargiti bir komedi olan Lysistrata'y!, Sparta ve Alina arasindaki Peloponez Savas! sirasinda yazmigtir, D) Sparta ve Atina arasindaki Peloponez Savagr’nt konu alan Lysistrata, asiinda savas karsiti bir komedidir ve Aristophanes tarafindan yazilmistr £) Lysistrata Aristophanes'in Sparta ve Atina arasindaki Peloponez Savasr'nt anlatan, komedi tarzinda yaziimis savas karsiti bir eseridir. 30. Despite effective antibiotics, advanced intensive care, and supportive treatments, the number of pneumonia cases has been increasing. A) Giiglé antibiyotikler kullantlip gelismis bir yogun bakimla destek tedavileri uygulansa da, zatiirre vakalan siklikla goriilmektedir. B) Antibiyotikler etkili oldugu halde yogun bakim ve destekleyici tedaviler sirasinda zatiirre daha sik gériiimektedir. €) Zatiirreye kars! etkili antibiyotikier, geligmig yogun bakim ve destekleyici tedaviler kullanitmaktadir, ama vaka sayisi yine de artmaktadir, D) Gigldi antibiyotikler, geligmig yogun bakim ve destekieyici tedavilor kullantldigi haide zatiirre hastalarinin sayisinda artis gériilmiistir. E) Etkili antibiyotiklere, gelismis yogun bakim ve destekleyici tedavilere ragmen zatiitre vakalarinin sayist artmaktadir.31. Among fictional detectives, Commissaire Jules Maigret, created by Belgian author Georges Simenon, is perhaps as well known as Sherlock Holmes. A) Sherlock Holmes ve Belgikali yazar Georges Simenon tarafindan yaratilmis olan Komiser Jules Maigret, belki de en taninmig kurgu dedektifierdir. B) Belgikalt bir yazar olan Georges Simenon, belki de Sherlock Holmes kadar taninmis bir kurgu dedektif olan Komiser Jules Maigret’nin yaraticisidir. C) Neredeyse Sherlock Holmes kadar tanin- mis bir kurgu dedektf olan Komiser Jules Maigret’yi, Belgikal bir yazar olan Georges Simenon yaratmistir D) En taninmig kurgu dedektifier Sherlock Holmes ve Belgikalt yazar Georges Simenon tarafindan yaratilan Komiser Jules Maigret’dir, E) Kurgu dedektifler arasinda, Belcikalt yazar Georges Simenon tarafindan yaratiian Komiser Jules Maigret, belki de Sherlock Holmes kadar taninmistir. 32, The idea that the sender and not the recipient should pay for the dispatch expenses of the letter helped pave the way for the invention of the postage stamp. A) Mektup génderme masraflarint géndere- nin degil de alicinin édemesine karsi itiraziar posta pulunun icadiyla sona ermistir. B) Posta pulunun icadiyla birlikte, mektup. génderme masraflarini alict degit, génderen kisi Gdemeye baslamisti. C) Mektup génderme masrafiarint alici yerine gdnderenin édemesi gerektigt diigiincesi sayesinde posta pulu icat edilmistir. D) Mektup gnderme masrafianint alicinin degil de génderenin édemesi gerektigi diigiincesi, posta pulunun icadina giden yolu acmisiir. &) Aslinda posta pulunun icadina giden yol, mektup génderme masrafianinin altct degil de génderen tarafindan ddenmesi diigiincesiyle ortaya cikmistir. 33. Cubism not only broke away from traditional Western styles of painting, but also used time as an important visual element. A) Kibizm, zamant nem bir gérsel olarak Kullanmast bakimindan Batr'nin geleneksel resim stilerinden ayrimisti. B) Kiibizm'de zamanin énemii bir gérsel Ge olarak gériilmesi, Batnin gelenek- sel resim stillerine ters diigmektedir. C) Kibizm, Bati'nin geleneksel resim stile- rinden ayriimakla kalmamis, zamant énemli bir girset dye olarak da kullanmigtir. D) Bati'nin geleneksel resim stilerinden farkl olarak Kibizm'de, zaman énemli bir gérsel d8e olarak algilanir ve kullanibr. £) Zamanin énemii bir gérsel d§e olarak kullanildigi Kiibizm, Batrnin geleneksel resim stilerinden geimekie birikte, higbirine benzemez. 34, Since the 1920s, Sherpas have been an integral part of Himaiayan climbing as guides and assistants. A) 1920'terden bu yana Serpalar, rehber ve yardimet olarak Himalayalar'a timanmanin aynimaz bir pargast olmuslardrr. B) Bugiin rehber ve yardimer olarak Himalayalar’a tirmanmanin ayrilmaz bir pargasi olan $erpalann bu énemi 1920'lerde fark editmistir. €) 1920'lerden bu yana, Himalayalar'a trmananiarin en biiyk yardimeitart rehber gorevini yerine getiren Serpalardrr. D) 1920'lerde Serpalar, Himalayalar'a turmananianin vazgecilmez yardimcilar ve rehberieri olmaya baslamistir. E) Rehber ve yardimer olarak Sherpalanin, Himalayalar’a tirmananlarin vazgegiimez bir pargasi olmasi 1920'lerde basiamts, bugiine kadar da devam etmistir ae English Language Studies36. 35, Atatiirk’iin Ankara’ya ilk gelisinin yildéniimii her yil kentte bir dizi etkinlikle kutlanmaktadir. A) Every year, there are many activities in Ankara to celebrate the anniversary of Atatiirk’s first visit to the city. B) Ankara celebrates the anniversary of Atatiirk’s first visit to the city with many activities throughout the year. C) The anniversary of Atatirk’s first visit to Ankara is celebrated with a series of activities in the city every year. D) A series of activities takes place in ‘Ankara every year to celebrate the anniversary of Atatiirk's first visit to the city. £) The anniversary of Atatirk’s first visit to Ankara is an occasion celebrated by a number of activities in the city. Turizm trendieri iizerine bir aragtirma, Tiirkiye’nin gériilmeye deger egzotik filkeler arasinda yer aldigini géstermektedir. A) A study of touristic trends has included Turkey on the list of exotic countries worth seeing. B) A study on trends in tourism reveals that Turkey is on the list of exotic countries worth seeing. €) As a result of research on tourism trends, Turkey is said to be one of the many exotic countries worth seeing. D) According to a study of tourism trends, ‘Turkey is among the countries considered exotic enough to be worth seeing. &) Research on touristic trends shows that Turkey is thought more worth seeing than other exotic countries. EP cngisn Language Stcies 37. 38. Rosetta Tasi'nin bulunmasindan énce anlasilmasi imkansiz olan Misir hiyeroglif yazisi, tagin iizerindeki Yunanea yazi sayesinde géziilmiistir. A) Before the Rosetta Stone was found, no one knew anything about Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, but the stone's Greek inscription finally allowed it to be understood B) Before the Rosetta Stone with its Greek inscription was found, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing was impossible to decipher. €) It was only after the Greek inscription on the Rosetta Stone had been under- stood that the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing on that stone could be deciphered. D) The Greek inscription on the Rosetta Stone allowed the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing there to be deciphered, which had long been thought impossible. E) Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, impossible to understand prior to the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, was deciphered thanks to the Greek inscription on that stone. Copernicus, Diinya’nin Giines’in etrafinda déndiigiini iddia eden ilk modern Avrupali oldugu halde, bu konuda ilk kez ciddiye alinan Galileo’dur. A) Even though Galileo did not take him seriously on the subject, Copernicus, as a modern European, insisted that the Earth revolved around the Sun B) Copernicus was a modem European who said that the Earth revolved around the Sun, but, unlike Galileo, he was not taken seriously on the subject. €) The first modern European to state that the Earth revolved around the Sun was Copernicus, although it was Galileo who finally proved this. D) Though Copernicus was the first modern European to claim that the Earth revolved around the Sun, Galileo was the first to be taken seriously on the subject. E) The fact that the Earth revolves around the Sun was first discovered in modern Europe by Copernicus, yet Galileo became more well-known for his contribution to this subject.39, Kuzey Yankiire’nin bazi bélgelerine haziranda kar yagmasina neden olan ist degigiklerinden dolays 1816, “yazin colmacigr yil” olarak animsanur. A) It is 1816 that is known as the "Year Without a Summer’, as the temperature changes in that year Jed to snow in much of the Northern Hemisphere in June. B) 1816, when temperatures changed enough to cover some of the Northern Hemisphere with snow in June, is remembered as the "Year Without a Summer’. C) 1816 is remembered as the “Year Without a Summer” due to temperature changes leading to snow in some parts of the Northem Hemisphere in June. D) When temperatures changed drastically in 1816, snow fell in some parts of the Northern Hemisphere, thus making that year the "Year Without a Summer’. E) The “Year Without a Summer’ is a nickname for 1816, when temperature changes resulted in June snows in some parts of the Northern Hemisphere. 40. Karamazov Kardesler ilk yayimlandigin- da okuyucular, romanin tartigmals igeriginden, dzellikle de sinrf ayrminin agikga tartisilmasindan dehgete diigmiislerdi. A) When The Brothers Karamazov was first released, its shocking themes, such as its honest depiction of class divisions, aroused controversy. B) When The Brothers Karamazov was first published, readers were shocked by the controversial nature of the novel, in particular its frank discussion of class divisions. ©) Upon the initial publication of The Brothers Karamazov, readers were stunned by how frankly it discussed such a controversial issue as class division. D) The Brothers Karamazov has caused shock and controversy, especially for its blunt depiction of class divisions, ever since it was first published. E) As soon as The Brothers Karamazov had been published, its honest discussion of controversial issues resulted in a change in the structure of class divisions. : Soriilan agagidakl parcaya G6 _ cevaplaymiz.. s : £ Frank Govan is a sleep apnoea patient. Sleep apnoea occurs when the muscles of the throat collapse during sleep. This blocks off the wind- pipe, which causes the patient to stop breathing, and this disrupts sleep. It started when he was in his late 40s. He would wake up in the morning feeling excessively tired. He became more and more sleep-deprived, to the point where he would wonder if he even had the energy to get to work. At work he once fell asleep during a face-to-face meeting with an important client. More dangerously, he wound up falling asleep twice on the motorway. The first was only for a few seconds. But on the second occasion, he had his family in the car. His family had also fallen asleep and he only woke up when a lorry blew its horn at him 41. The passage mainly deals with . A) the effects of Frank Govan's extreme tiredness caused by his sleep apnoea B) the high risks of people driving who have not rested properly C) the difficulties faced by Frank Govan due to his increasing age D) the symptoms and treatment of sleep apnoea E) the effects of sleeplessness on an average person 42. It is implied in the passage that Frank Govan... « A) will slowly get over his sleep apnoea as he continues to get older B) dogsr’t know how fo drive a car very wel C) has lost his job because of his sleep apnoea D) was the most important person in his place of work E) slept for much longer on the motorway on the second occasion 43. It is understood from the passage that sleep apnoea ....... A) could have caused Frank Govan to have a serious accident B) prevents its sufferers from sleeping at all for several days €) doesn't affect young people D) is the cause of many accidents on the motorway E) can be cured by sleeping during the day S58 English Language StudiesAsa young girl, Um Kulthum was taught religious songs by her father, a local imam. Her family made ate extra money by singing at weddings. Um Kulthum also took part, but had to be dressed up as a boy. After having gained a local reputation as a singer, in about 1923, she became a professional musician in Cairo, and became a huge success. Her style ‘of music was traditional. After the Egyptian coup of 1952, Um Kulthum made numerous songs backing the new republic and became supportive of the president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Following Egypt's defeat to Israel in 1967, she toured the Arab world, donating the income from her concerts to the Egyptian government. Her funeral in 1975 was attended by 4 million people, and was the largest in Egyptian history after that of Gamat Abdel Nasser, 44, We learn from the passage that Um Kulthum ...... A) was mourned by a total of 4 million Egyptians B) had an official post in the Egyptian government €) gave some money to the government of Egypt D) wrote all of her own music E) did not live very long after Gamal Abdel Nasser 45. It is understood from the passage that Gamal Abdel Nasser... . A) had to fight wars for most of his time in power B) had a romantic relationship with Um Kulthum C) died sometime after the middle of the 1970s D) had a funeral which was attended by more than 4 million people E) was very fond of the traditional music sung by Um Kulthum 48. We can conclude from the passage that, when Um Kulthum was young, ..... A) imams were the most important local people B) girls were not allowed to sing at weddings €) holding weddings wasn't very expensive D) there were no famous women singers in Cairo E) Egypt had a republican form of government ABLE english Language Studies Following the French Revolution, there was a strong awareness in France that the world had changed. Novelists then tried to recreate the past in their works, with a preference for the Middle Ages. Until about 1820, the Middie ‘Ages was often regarded as a barbaric time sandwiched between the enlightened classical worid and the scientific modem one. However, Chateaubrianc’s romantic descriptions of Gothic architectural ruins and young royalist writers’ attraction to a certain view of feudalism meant the period started to be looked at differently. The fashion for historical novels was at its strongest in the 1820s and was strengthened by the influence of the French translations of Scott. The best example of this period's historical novel is Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame. init, he created an atmosphere of colourful and intense 15th-century life. 47. It is understood from the passage that, in the Middle Ages, .. A) barbarism was widespread B) Scott was the most famous author ©) Gothic-style buildings were but D) the feudal system had already disappeared E) life was colourful and intense 48. According to the passage, Chateaubriand ...... « A) disliked the time that he was living in B) was a fan of Scott's novels C) lived during the Middle Ages D) was a young supporter of the monarchy E) helped to change the view of the Middle Ages 49. The fashion for historical novels A) came about through feelings of nostalgia B) caused a widespread reaction against science €) was only limited to post-revolutionary France D) declined immediately after the publication of The Hunchback of Notre Dame E) was started in the 1820s by someone called ScottZanzibar lies in the Indian Ocean, 35km off the coast of Tanzania. You may have heard of it, but its often overlooked by sun-seeking holidaymakers who head for the better-known beaches of Mauritius, the Seychelles, or the Maldives. Once only visited by students travelling through Africa on holiday, it wasn't until 1993 that the first resort hotel was built there. Such hotel development has remained slow, which is what contributes to making Zanzibar a unique experience. However, recently, moves have been made to start attracting wealthier tourists, and in 2004, Zanzibar opened its first luxury resort. Zanzibar offers a sense of adventure and isolation with a culture that's relatively unexplored. Its tourist infrastructure is still basic, with no direct flights from the United Kingdom and potentially unreliable connecting flights through Kenya. 50. It is clear from the passage that the tourist industry in Zanzibar .. A) depends on tourists from the UK B) only began in the early 1990s €) relies on only one hotel D) produces great wealth for the country E) wants richer tourists to visit 51. It is understood from the passage that Zanzibar ....... A) is the least developed part of Tanzania B) is now a busy holiday resort €) borders Kenya D) is now a luxurious place E) Is an island 52. We can understand that the author is aiming her passage at A) students who wish to travel in Africa B) people flying to Kenya C) potential tourists in the United Kingdom ) people currently on vacation in Mauritius E) wealthy tourists from all over the world English Language Stucles SERBEThe phrase “Mozart effect" was first used in the US in the early 1990s. A published paper reported that brief exposure to a Mozart piano sonata produces a temporary increase in spatial (Ie., visual) reasoning scores on intelligence exams. Cultural elitists were delighted, and soon—despite the very limited claims of the paper—it was being generally claimed that "Mozart makes you smarter.” In 1999, however, two scientists challenged the original paper's findings and showed that the “Mozart effect” was nothing more than “enjoyment arousal’; you listen to something—anything—you enjoy before doing a spatial task, your ability to perform that task briefly increases slightly, due to the brain's pleasure centres having been stimulated. Nonetheless, the idea that “Mozart makes you smarter” continues to circulate widely. 53. According to the passage, the “Mozart effect” A) makes a person more intelligent B) works only in the United States C) is not a universally accepted theory D) was originally proposed in 1999 E) helps one do better on all kinds of exam AEE: nun Langunge etn 54, The passage tells us that cultural elitists A) liked the idea of "Mozart effect" B) knew Mozart's piano sonatas well C) started to play Mozart's music everywhere D) were already aware of the effect of Mozart's music upon themselves E) claimed Mozart himself nad very good spatial reasoning 55. It can be concluded from the passage that .. A) few people any longer believe that “Mozart makes you smarter" B) all kinds of music can create the “Mozart effect” C) the original paper still claims that “Mozart makes you smarter” D) intelligence exams are usually elitist56. You made a big mistake when you blamed All for the car theft. A) Ali may have to admit that he stole the car. B) You believe that it was definitely Ali who stole the car. C) This is the first time you have blamed All for stealing a car. D) Ali can't have denied stealing the car. E) You were very wrong to accuse Ali of stealing the car. .1was offered the job only because Vanessa recommended me. A) It was easy for me to get the job, thanks to Vanessa's support B) No matter what Vanessa says, I'm sure they'll give me the job. ) Had it not been for what Vanessa said, I might have been given the job. D) If Vanessa hadn't recommended me, | wouldn’t have been offered the job. E) They would have offered me the job it only Vanessa had recommended me. . No one had said anything about the matter before Arzu arrived at the office. A) Everybody wondered if the matter would be mentioned when Arzu arrived at the office B) Having arrived at the office, Arzu wanted to talk about the matter. €) The decision was that the matter would be discussed the moment Arzu got to the office. D) The matter hadn't been mentioned until Arzu got to the office. E) As soon as Arzu arrived, everybody in the office started talking about the matter. 60. ‘59, Meg wishes she hadn't forgotten to put the meat in the fridge. A) It was olever of Meg not to put the meat into the fridge. B) Meg didn’t remember to put the meat in the fridge, and now she regrets it. C) Meg only remembered to put the meat in the fridge at the last minute. D) The meat spoiled, as Meg had forgotten to put it in the fridge. E) Meg thinks that the meat might not have gone bad if she had put it in the fridge. My cousin failed to control the car due to the icy road. A) Since the road was icy, my cousin couldn't manage to control the car, B) Even though the road was covered in ice, my cousin drove the car quite well G) My cousin would not be able to control the car if the road were icy. D) My cousin has difficulty driving along roads with ice on them. E) Despite the icy road, my cousin just barely managed to control the car, English Language Studies EIDE61. Sylvanus Griswold Morley was an archaeologist and Maya scholar who made significant early contributions to the study of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. Today, more recent developments in the field have dismissed some of his theories, but his publications are still considered important today. A) To his contemporaries, he was one of the leading Mesoamerican archaeolo- gists of his day B) Moriey’s espionage activities during World War | came to light well after his death C) His interest in the Maya began while he was still at Harvard University D) His life may have provided some of the inspiration for the character of Indiana Jones E) He had originally studied civil engineering rather than archaeology 62. A “great comet” is a comet which is especially bright and spectacular. This definition is, of course, quite subjective. However, as a general rule, any comet that becomes bright enough to be easily noticed by the naked eye may come to be known as a “great comet”. Approaching close to the Earth is only one of these; others include the size and activity of the comet's nucleus, as well as the comet's distance from the Sun, A) The last great comet to pass near Earth was 1996's Comet Hyakutake B) Most comets are never bright enough to be seen by the naked eye C) For a comet to be thus seen, a number of different factors are necessary D) It may become as bright as or brighter than the brightest stars E) Spectacular meteor showers are another impressive phenomenon AO engin anguage Stes 63. The frigate Ertugrul was sent by the Ottoman sultan Abdiilhamid II to the emperor of Japan as part of a goodwill visit. The ship set sail on 14 July 1889. After sailing for almost a yea arrived in Japan in June 1890. On its return voyage, however, there was a severe typhoon. ...... . This tragedy resulted in the loss of 533 sailors. A) The origin of the word "typhoon", though, remains uncertain B) A project will soon be launched to find the remains of the vessel €) The Ertugru! Monument was built in memory of those sailors D) The ship sank on the dangerous rocks off the coast of Wakayama £) Typhoons are rather frequent off the eastern coast of Japan 64. A drop in the sea level around Rabbit Island in Bodrum has revealed an ancient road. The 150-metre-long road is believed to be where King Mausolus of Halicarnassus and his sister Artemisia used to watch the Aegean sunset. ...... . However, this time the fall in sea level was much bigger than usual. A) Bodrum first became very popular in the 1970s B) It was really exciting to walk along this road €) There are many historical places near Bodrum D) “The Tide Is High” is a 1967 song written by John Holt E) Shifting tides occur in the region from time to time65. Kazuo Ishiguro won the Booker Prize in 1989 for his novel The Remains of the Day. It tells the story of Stevens, an elderly English butler, ....... The story is told from the first-person point of view. Stevens recalls his life while progressing through the present. The novel was made into an award-winning film starring Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. A) They have been translated into over 30 languages B) It is set in Britain after World War It €) Kazuo Ishiguro was born in Japan in 1954 D) He has been writing fulltime ever since E) His novels often end in paradox 66. You're walking in the downtown area of your city and talking excitedly with your friend. You aren't paying attention to where you're going and you accidentally step on a man’s foot. You immediately apologize to him by saying: A) | didn't mean to do that; I'm terribly sorry. B) You should watch where you're going, C) If you had heard my friend’s comment, you would have misstepped, too. D) For goodness sake! Neither of us saw you standing there. &) | would say I'm sorry if | thought it would make any difference. 67. You have obtained a scholarship to study at a university in England. Your father thinks it is a wonderful idea, but your mother thinks Britain will be too dangerous for you. Taking courage from your father's attitude, you try to convince your mother that you will be safe, so you say: A) With a degree from a British university, | will be able to get a better job. B) It is true that the murder rate in Britain has been increasing in recent years. C) Dad wouldn't agree to anything that would put me at risk. D) Don't worry— will work very hard while I'm there. E) Once I've got a student visa, it might be easier for you to visit me there. . You think that your brother is losing his hair. It's a sensitive topic to discuss with him, and you know he’d be upset if you spoke to him about it. It’s just before dinner and you find yourself alone with him in the kitchen. Not wanting to hurt his feelings, but wanting to give him some practical information without being too direct, you say: A) You should see a doctor about your recent hair loss, B) | noticed that Mr. Betts, my geometry teacher, has starting going bald. €) You could buy one of those hairpieces for men to cover up that bald patch. D) I've seen this new shampoo that's great for keeping your hair healthy, E) I've always thought that baldness is incredibly attractive. crab Language Suser69. You've just found out that you have to be home for three hours on Thursday morning to wait for the gas inspectors to come before they can turn your gas on in a new flat. You've just started a new job and don’t want to ask for the time off. You have no choice but to ask your boss for the time off, so you very politely say to her: A) Would a nervous breakdown qualify me for a sick day? B) This is very annoying, isn't it? The gas inspectors just said they'd come, but they didn’t say what time. C) Would it be possible for me to come in late on Thursday as something unexpected has come up? D) Have you ever met anyone with so much drama in their life before? &) You haven't forgotten that I'm not coming to work on Thursday, have you? 70. During the summer holidays, you and your best friend would like to travel around and see some parts of Turkey you have never been to before. You don’t have any money, but since it is still 6 months until the summer holiday, you say to your friend: A) We may as well give up; there is no way we can afford a trip like that. B) If we get part-time jobs now, we should be able to save up enough money by summer. C) There are a lot of places in Turkey that | would really like to see. D) Why should we travel around Turkey? Let’s go to the US instead. E) | can‘t wait until it's time for our trip. PAS? engtisn Language Studies _ 74. Dale: = The English department is looking for research assistants over the summer. Martha: = That sounds interesting. How is the pay? Dale: Martha: = Well, I've already borrowed money this year, so think I'd better look for something else that pays better. A) Unbelievable, It is much better than any other summer job I have checked. B) | don't know. I haven't checked yet. €) Not very good, but the experience should make up for that. D) Actually, itis only entering data into a computer. E) As far as | know, they pay in lira, not dollars. 72, Polly: ~ Do you know where the term “smog” comes from? Wayne: ~ Actually, | do. A doctor invented the term in 1905 to describe the combination of natural fog and coal smoke in London's air. Polly: Wayne: - Yes, just about a hundred years old. A) That's strange. | had always thought it came from Los Angeles. B) | wonder which city has the world’s worst smog C) Coal smoke is really harmful for the environment. D) So, in that case, itis a relatively new word. E) A lot of old English movies show foggy weather.ELS LTS 73. Percy: - Is that a history book you're reading? Sandra: - Yes, it’s really interesting. Percy: ‘Sandra: - Sometimes, but this is what is called “popular history”, which reads more like a novel. A) Don't you find reading history rather dry and difficult? B) | wish | enjoyed reading as much as you do. C} Is it on a specific period or country? D) I love history. Can | borrow it when you're finished? E) Why dor't you ever waich television or play games like most teenagers? 74, Jillian: + Oh no, this is terrible! Hillary - What is it? Jillian: Hillary: - That means ll be late starting my summer job. A) We're getting an extra holiday in addition to all the others this month, B) We'll have two weeks of classes in June to make up for the days we missed because of the snow in February. €) The boss has decided to raise our wages by 20%, even though we didn't ask for a raise. D) The administration thinks that the ‘exam was too difficult, so they're giving everyone an extra 20 points. E) Snoop Dogg was arrested at the airport, so his concert’s been cancelled. 75. Jessica: - Whose laptop is this? Cliff: Jessica’ - Maybe it’s Marie's. She’s the most absent-minded person | know. Cliff: - That's true. Let’s ask her. A) It must be mine. | was wondering what had happened to it. B) It looks as if it's about ten years old, so it's probably completely obsolete. €) It can't be Marie's. She doesn’t own one. D) Not mine. | wouldn't be so careless as to leave it around like that. E) It looks like an expensive one. Let's not tell anybody. 76. (1) A Shanghai professor claims that Westem views of dragons could give a negative impression of China. (I!) However, most Chinese disagree, and insist on retaining the dragon as a national icon. (ill) The problem is that dragons are seen very differently in China and the West. (IV) Chinese dragons are symbols of luck and power, and lack Western dragons’ association with evil. (V) A famous Western dragon is the one that was supposedly killed by Saint George. Ayl By Gy oD)IV. YY nits Langage states SG77. (I) Fish and chips is often thought of as the most popular British meal. (Il) Even 50, it can be easily found almost anywhere in the country. (Ill) In recent years, however, it has lost that honour to an entirely different dish. (IV) The new champion, ladies and gentlemen, is curry. (V) Curry may not have originated in Britain, but it’s taken the place by storm, and is definitely there to stay. Ai By cyl oD)IV. BV 78. (I) Pierre Fauchard is often thought of as the “father of modern dentistry’. (Il) Due to the primitive surgical instruments available in his time, he improvised his own. (Itl) He was constantly insulting the other dentists of his time. (IV) He did this by adapting the tools that were used by watchmakers, jewellers, and even barbers. (V) The drill that dentists stil use today is, in fact, a descendant of one of Fauchard’s designs. A)l By cy DIV.) ee: 79. (I) If you want to get away from the stress Of daily life in Istanbul, Lake Sapanca is a good place to go to. (Il) Its charming natural beauty makes it perfect for day trips and weekend vacations. (Ill) Riva is also not far from Istanbul, and can be an alternative for those who don't want to go to Sapanca, (IV) Lake Sapanca is surrounded by mountains to the south and small hills to the north. (V) There are quiet restaurants, hotels, and summer residences along the lake. Al By cpm = DyIV. BY 80. (I) Dark matter is the strange substance that is believed to make up most of the cosmos. (Il) It presents one of the greatest puzzles in astronomy today. (III) Dark matter can't be detected directly, as it doesn't emit or reflect light or radiation. {IV) The map covers an area of sky about eight times the size of the full Moon. (V) But its presence can be inferred because its gravitational force averts light from distant galaxies. Al By cm DV BV GOOD LUCK BE english tanguage Studtes