(1) Tithi or Lunar Day :

The first element of the Panchaang is Tithi or Lunar day. The Tithi
correspondences to the phases of the Moon, which in turn is called Moon's
progress along the Zodiacal belt after he leaves the cozy embrace of the Sun at
the New Moon. When the two luminaries (the Sun and the Moon) are on the same
longitude, that time is called Amaavasyaa. When the Moon is 12 degrees far from
the Sun, the first Lunar day of the Bright half ends and the 2nd Tithi begins. At
the rate of 12 deg per Tithi (day) the Full Moon or Poornimaa ends when the
Moon is 180 deg away from the Sun's longitude. They are not aligned with
planets or with zodiac signs. Their link with planets again depend on the
reference and purpose.

There are two fortnights in each month - one ends with Amaavasyaa and another
with Poornmaas or Poornamaasee or Poornimaa. The Tithi go in sequence - (1)
Pratipadaa (Padavaa or Prathamaa), (2) Dwiteeyaa (Doyaj or Dooj), (3) Triteeyaa
(Teej), (4) Chaturrhee (Chauth), (5) Panchamee (Paanch), (6) Shashthee
(Chhat), (7) Saptamee (Saatai), (8) Ashtamee (Aathai), (9) Navamee (Naumee),
(10) Dashamee (Dasamee), (11) Ekaadashee (Gyaaras), List of Ekaadashee (12)
Dwaadashee (Baaras), List of Dwaadashee (13) Trayodashee (Teras), (14)
Chaturdashee (Chaudas), (15) Amaavasyaa (Amaavas or Maavas) OR
Poornmaasee (Poornimaa, Pooranmaashee) Poornimaa and Anaavasyaa.