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SECURITY OF CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR
Research Report Submitted to IBA as Requirement for the EMBA- Degree
Research Mentor
Mr, Sibghatullah Husaini
Researcher
Zahid Hussain
ERP # 06738
EMBA-1 (Section-I)
1st Project Report
(January, 2016)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEGMENT ........................................................................................................4
DEDICATION .. 5
RIGHTS OF REPORT .........................................................................................................6
DECLARATION .................................................................................................................7
EXECUTIVE SUMMMARY.8
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION9
Alignment of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor ..................................................10
Bottle necks along the route .......................................................................................11
External Security situation .........................................................................................12
Internal Security situation .........................................................................................16
CHAPTER 2: TERMS OF REFERNCES FOR THE PROJECT ..............................18
Problem Statement .....................................................................................................19
Background ................................................................................................................19
Purpose of Study ........................................................................................................20
Scope of Study............................................................................................................20
Research (Secondary & Primary) ...............................................................................20
Conclusions & Recommendations .............................................................................20
Submission of Report & Presentation ........................................................................20
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CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHDOLOGY ............................................................21

SECONDARY RESEARCH .................................................................................. 22
Research Paper by Safdar Sial (CPEC: an assessment of potential threats).. 22
Seminar at AKU - Impact of CPEC on Gilgit Baltistan 26
PRIMARY RESEARCH .........................................................................................29
Target Population ...........................................................................................29
Sample Size ....................................................................................................29
Sample Design ................................................................................................29
Questionnaire..................................................................................................31
CHAPER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS ....................................................................................40

Interview Colonel Aqil Malik, Director Operations Shaheen Freight Services........ 64
Interview Major Hassan Raza, MD Crown Security ervices.....................................69
Interview Colonel Imtiaz ul Haq, Ex CSO Pakistan Police. .......75
CHAPER 5 : CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATION .........................................79
Conclusions ................................................................................................................80
Recommendation ........................................................................................................82
REFERENCES & ANNEXURES ..................................................................................84
References ..................................................................................................................85
Activity Schedule .......................................................................................................86
Questionnaires ............................................................................................................87
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Id like to take a few moments to reflect and thank all those who helped me realize
my dreams at IBA. Firstly, thanks to Almighty Allah for enabling me to take this
responsibility with utmost patience and sincerity. Secondly, my sincere thanks and
prayers to Pak Army for the financial and moral support I received for my study at IBA,
without the organizational support it would have remained a distant dream for me.
I owe special respect for the teaching faculty at IBA, who were men of high moral
and professional caliber and guided me in the right order and right direction. Prof Saleem
Umar and Prof Sibghatullah Husaini deserve my special gratitude for the help and
guidance in selection of research topic and conduct of academic research. My colleagues
were men and women of character and culture, this memorable association will be
remembered for the days to come.
At the end, my sincere thanks to the family support I received during these trying
two and half years, my mother and my three kids remained a source of encouragement
and happiness. My spouse had to bear the brunt of my midcareer adventure into IBA, it
would not have been possible without her unflinching support, I will always remain
grateful to her.
Zahid Hussain
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DEDICATION
Dedicated to Alwaez Muhammad Aslam Khan

(My mentor, my guardian, my elder brother)
5|Page
RIGHTS OF REPORT
This report on Security of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is developed and

submitted to IBA as partial fulfillment of the mandatory requirement for completion of
EMBA Program.
All right of this research report are reserved with the researcher and IBA. No part of this
report is to be reproduced, transferred or published in any form or by anyone or by any
method, electronic or mechanical (including photocopy) without prior written permission
of the researcher and IBA.
Zahid Hussain
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DECLARATION
To the best of my knowledge , the research report Security of China-Pakistan Economic

Corridor does not contain any material that has been submitted to IBA or any other
institute for the award of a similar of any other degree.
The extracts from books, literature and studies used for reference extracts are
acknowledged fully and declared in references section
Zahid Hussain
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The $46 billion China- Pakistan Economic Corridor is a media favourite , with the
doves calling it a game changer for the country and the hawks are unrelentingly trying to show it
as China Punjab Economic Corridor. These two extreme positions are making the project all
the more vulnerable to the hostile interventions. US , India and Afghanistan are not happy the
way this corridor is prospecting for Pakistan and China. The real fact though lies in between
these two positions and a careful synchronization of effort is required to ensure a secure
environment for the businesses to operate without fear of loss.
The corridor passes through difficult terrain features of Kara Kurum , Himalaya and other
mountaineous features with diverse and sometime hostile demographic make up. Relegious
elements who should have been the gurantee for security are viewed as the greatest threat for
CPEC. Similarly the perceived benifactors i.e. the Baloch youth is also not on board. This
situation makes the complete plan a security nightmare.
Security is a costly affair and needs complete ownership by the public at large. Army led
security appratus suitably reenforced by the Chinese technological survillance system will ensure
proper security for the businesses on the corridor. Following are some of the security measures
required:
Important chock points along the corrridor be identified and occupied by the
security forces. The Vital Areas and Vital Points along the corridor be suitably
integrated in the security mechanism .
Well regulated and smooth flow of traffic by the Highway Police will provide
inbuilt security to the corridor.
Effective satellite and ariel cover of the corrridor should be ensured with effective
support from China.
Public ownership of the project will act as a force multipllier for security of the
corridor. To this effect the political forces to join hands and iron out political
differences in the larger national interest.
Positive media image about the security situation along the corridor will
strengthen the confidence of the transport owners and traders.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1. Alignment of China -Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
Map #1: Map of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is 2500 Km long land route between Xinkiang China to
Gawadar Pakistan passing along Kashgar, Tashkugan and Pirali (900 Km) on the Chinese side
and the Khunjarab Pass, KKH, Hawalian and Gawadar (1600 km) on Pakistan side. The corridor
package is planned to host road network, railway network, oil and gas pipeline and fiber optics.
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2.
Geographical Bottlenecks along the Route: The geographical landscape across CPEC
is very diverse in its shape and texture. It passes through high mountains of GB, low
mountains of KPK, barren vast spaces of Balochistan and cultivated green land of Punjab and
Sindh. The security threat is accentuated by the presence of geographical features posing
funneling and choking effect. These bottlenecks will be the main threat locations and the
security deployment will be determined by such ground features. Following places pose bottle
neck effect along the various routes and cause security concerns.
Northern Route
Central Route
Eastern Route
KKH till Hawalian
KKH till Hawalian
KKH till Hawalian
Indus crossing at Attock
Indus crossing at Multan
Crossing over River Jehlum
Area b/wTank and Loralai
Area b/w Rojan and
Crossing over River Chenab
Rathodero
Lak Pass Quetta
Area b/w Larkana and
Crossing over River Ravi
Khuzdar
Area b/w Qalat and Khuzdat
Area b/w Wad and Panjgoor
Crossing over River Indus at

Hyderabad
Area b/w Panjgoor and
Area b/w Panjgoor and
Turbat
Turbat
Crossing over Hub River
Buzee Pass Makran

Area b/w Koh Murad and
Area b/w Turbat and
Pasni
Gawadar
Area b/w Pasni and Gawadar
Table # 1: List of bottlenecks along CPEC.
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External Security Situation

3.
The world powers are viewing the development of Pak- China Economic Corridor
(CPEC) with keen interest and are trying to figure out their own interests out of this land mark
connectivity between East Asia and South Asia. The Think Tanks in all the major capitals are
deliberating and writing on this important subject with focus on the economic and security
issues. Following are the views of external players about the security paradigm of CPEC:a.
Chinese Views on CPEC Security. Chinese are skeptical about the rising threat of
Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement in Sinkiang Province of China. This terrorist
organization has its connections with like-minded religious terrorists in Pakistan . In
the past the members of this organization have been taking training inside the FATA
tribal areas. China has taken strict security measures within its geographical
boundaries and has asked Pakistan to take similar measures on this side of the
boundary.
b.
US Views on CPEC Security. Gawadar is emerging as a center of global marine

activity connecting the land locked central Asia and chocked China with rest of the
world. US being the sole super power feel left out of this important power and
economic loop. US also views the huge investment by China on CPEC in the region
as a counter move to break away from the Golden Triangle that US has forged
around China in the south China sea to contain and threaten Chinese access to the
Indian Ocean and rest of the world.
Above in view, US policy makers tried to negotiate the handing over of
Gawadar port to Singapore during Musharraf regime. That arrangement did not
work and the port had to be handed over to the Chinese. US in now cobbling close
economic and strategic relations with India to prepare it as a counter weight to
China in the region. The heavy US military hardware sale to India is a testimony
to that effect. It will keep both China and Pakistan engaged in the region and will
not be able to exploit the full potential of the corridor.
The US favorable support to Baloch Separatists is a well-known fact as
most of the separatists are hiding in Afghanistan under the umbrella of US and
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India. These rouge elements are the most feared threat to the future of CPEC and
US influence will be negatively manifested in these elements.
c. Indian Views on CPEC Security. India, which maintains tense relations with
Pakistan, has viewed the project with objections, particularly as it crosses through
the Pakistani-administered side of Kashmir, a region contested between the two
countries. According to the Indian foreign affairs ministry, Prime Minister
Narendra Modi during his visit to China raised his objections over the corridor.
However, Chinese President Xi Jinping dismissed the concerns, describing CPEC
as a "commercial project." India may also have apprehensions over China's access
to the sea, and has invested significantly in the nearby Port of Chabahar in
neighboring Iran. The development of Chabahar, which lies 170 km to the west of
Gwadar, is part of India's efforts for access to landlocked Afghanistan and Central
Asia while bypassing rival Pakistan.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_Economic_Corridor#Security
Indian objection will be overtly manifest in raising the disputed status of

Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Kashmir at various international forums. The indecisive
nature of Gilgit Baltistan status makes it an easy prey to Indian propaganda and
any sizable investment in the clergy can pose problems for Pakistan.
d. Russian Views on CPEC Security. Perverted in the Western imagination as a
backwards land of terrorism and poverty, the mainstream media myth about
Pakistan carries little factual weight and purposely neglects the countrys rising
geopolitical importance in Eurasia. Far from being a lost cause, the country is
actually one of the supercontinents most important economic hopes, as it has the
potential to connect the massive economies of the Eurasian Union, Iran, SAARC,
and China, thereby inaugurating the closest thing to an integrated pan-Eurasian
economic zone.
The Russians are looking at the CPEC in the larger context of Eurasian
Block; connecting Russia, China, India and Iran through the CPEC. They take it
as a counter balance to EU and US. The Russians are of the view that US can play
dirty in causing security threat to the CPEC by following measures:13 | P a g e
i. Secessionists Support. May support the Baloch secessionists and try to

create law and order situation to a level that the corridor does not remain
profitable for the businesses and the corridor plan fails.
ii. Terrorists Support. May support the terrorist groups like Taliban, ISIS and
other groups to create unsafe environment for the corridor and force its
closure. The US involvement in Syria and Afghanistan are the examples.
iii. Support for Color Revolution. The color revolutions in North Africa,
Ukraine, Georgia and Egypt is yet another form of disturbance US can cause
in Pakistan by supporting certain political elements against the state. The
issues like corruption, unfair distribution of resources etc. can be taken as
the possible causes to achieve the desired results in the form of wide spread
disturbance and lawlessness.
e. Iranian Views on CPEC Security. Irans economic growth has been stunted by
global sanctions over its nuclear program. However, Irans historic nuclear deal
with the P5+1, when implemented, will open up new possibilities. With 10
percent of the worlds proven oil reserves, Irans entrance into the business world
has gotten Pakistani trade and economic representatives to scramble to Tehran
with the intention of win Iranian business interest. With billions of dollars worth
of Iranian funds entering the global economy, nations are tweaking their financial
plans to accommodate this surge of income. The oil rich nations admittance into
the global market will drastically alter the global oil market as well. Enter energyhungry China, which is looking for alternative routes to import oil. With Iran in
the loop, China can double down on its access to Iranian oil. Moreover, the
decades-old dream of the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline can now be fully realized. For
Iran, CPEC will provide the country with much needed accessibility to the east.
Simultaneously, Iran is eyeing as much as $100 billion worth of energy deals in
the near future and Tehrans abundant oil and gas reserves could find a thriving
demand in China too. http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/why-iran-needs-to-exploreparticipation-in-the-china-pakistan-economic-corridor/
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f.
Afghan Views on CPEC Security. Afghanistan is a close ally of US and India

and toes their views about CPEC. Afghanistan sees it an opportunity to get a
shorter route to Arabian Sea through Gawadar Port and also an opportunity to
connect India through GT road. Afghan intelligence agencies exert influence on
separatist elements in Balochistan and TTP. The leaders of both these outlawed
organizations are residing in Afghanistan and are facilitated to create unrest in the
country.
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INTERNAL SECURITY SITUATION

4.
The Internal security dynamics will define the rule for business at the end. All
external factors will manifest through the internal security challenges to the CPEC.
Following are the internal challenges:a. Religious Terrorist Elements. TTP and its allied organizations are the main
threat now and in the foreseeable future. This menace started as a political
instrument to end the rule of warlords in Afghanistan in the early nineties by the
then PPP Government . The Interior minister Mr Nasirullah Baber and Mr Rehman
Malik DG FIA helped to organize this force. This force swelled to unmanageable
proportion and occupied part of KPK and tribal areas Military operation to reclaim
the lost territory was launched in 2007 and till today the war is on with thousands
of lives lost to the terrorists. Though a heavy blow has been served to the TTP but
any slackness on the part of the public and government can escalate the situation to
a dangerous consequence.
b. Nationalist Elements. The nationalist/separatist elements have been around since
inception in various part of the country. These elements play with the sentiments
of the public on racial and geographic ground and try to apply this tactics as a
violent means towards a political end. BLA, BNM, Geeay Sindh, Saraiki
Movement, MQM and Baloristan Front GB are some of the elements present in
various parts of the country. Since CPEC is to pass through the areas influenced by
these elements , so the threat is present at various scales.
c. Sectarian Strife. The Saudi -Iran rivalry is the main reason of sectarian strife in
Pakistan. It is a turf war, foreign sponsored and foreign funded. The judicial
sentence of Mr Ragi by Iran and judicial sentence of Mr Nimr al Nimr is taken as a
tit for tat response. The religio sectarian
elements in Pakistan follow their
respective masters at Riyadh and Tehran. The huge infrastructure in the form of
charities is basically the means to ignite sectarian hatred within the country. The
CPEC runs along these sectarian fault lines and can be threatened at will by these
religious bigots.
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d. Feudal Rivalries. Feudal rivalries times take awkward turn and cause unrest at
limited scale and limited geographical boundaries. Southern Punjab and Sindh is a
fertile soil for such feuds.
e. Dacoits/thefts. Small scale thefts and deceits for financial gains are getting more
sophisticated in scope and dimension. CPEC too will be prone to such activities
along various sections of the route.
f. Political unrest. The cold blooded murder of Benazir Bhutto caused a nationwide
chaos. This author was deputed to clear National Highway between Steel Mills and
Thatta and saw the mayhem caused by the political unrest translating into arson
and looting.
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CHAPTER 2
TERMS OF REFERNCES FOR THE PROJECT
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CHAPTER 2: TERMS OF REFERNCES FOR THE PROJECT

Problem Statement
Security of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is the hinge on which the success or failure of
this mega project rests. A secure corridor will invite willing participation by businesses of all
sorts and countries and on the other end an insecure and terrorist ridden corridor will frisk away
all business people. The country and its people have to make that crucial choice between
grabbing the opportunity and losing the opportunity.
Background
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
is one of the landmark developments of this
century, which ends the centuries old isolation of China and connects it with the Central Asia,
South Asia and Middle East. It will help China in expending its influence westward and
obviously all global powers will not be comfortable with this new development. The regional as
well as global powers will thus try to enhance the cost of doing business through this corridor by
threatening businesses along this corridor. The security of CPEC
is a task which provides
guarantee for the success of the undertaking. China will only spend $ 46 Billion if it is sure of its
safe and secure passage through this corridor.
The Chinese attach very high hopes from this project and Pakistan being a time tested
friend has to prove itself worthy of the trust. The Chinese Foreign Minister Mr, Wang Yi,
Chinas foreign Minister said If One Belt, One Road is like a symphony involving and
benefiting every country, then construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is the
sweet melody of the symphonys first movement.
Pakistan is all geared up to provide fool proof security on the corridor. Chinese
government is in the loop of planning and Pakistan is planning to deploy two division size force
(12000 Army soldiers) for the protection of this corridor. One division will take care of the area
between Khunjrab and Rawalpindi and the second from Rawalpindi till Gawadar. This force will
be reinforced and supported by suitable ground and aerial satellite support system in
collaboration with China.
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Purpose of the Study

It is basically an exploratory research aimed at exploring the paradigm of security along the
China - Pakistan Economic Corridor. The secondary research aims at the historical data/
evidences, whereas the primary research is to analyze the shareholders aspirations and opinions
attached with the conduct of business along the corridor. The experts opinions are obtained
about the operational challenges and response options. Subsequently based on these assertions
will draw relevant conclusions about the threat and response measures. Basing on the above
exercise recommend measures to improve the security situation in order to and facilitate the trade
and transportation along the corridor.
Scope of the Study
Scope of the study is to study, analyze and make recommendations for improvements in security
situation along the route, at the assembly areas and service areas.
Research
Secondary research will emphasize on the historical evidences and threat scenario, whereas the
primary research will focus on the views and fears of stake holders.
Conclusions & Recommendations
The data collected will be analyzed and recommendations will be finalized based on the
conclusion of the study.
Submission of the Report & Presentations
A comprehensive report will be prepared and submitted covering all the aspects stated above and
presentation will be made as instructed.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

SECONDARY RESEARCH
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: an assessment of potential threats and
constraints by Safdar Sial at Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies (PIPS) Research Journal,
Conflict and Peace Studies VOLUME 6 July-Dec 2014 Security-related threats.
1.
There are certainly security-related threats linked to the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor and while most might originate in Pakistan, the Xinjiang province in western China is
also facing security threats from Uighur militants and the East Turkestan Islamic Movement
(ETIM). Uighur and ETIM militants have long sought shelter in Pakistans tribal areas along
with the local militants. However, Pakistans security forces have fought foreign militants in
North Waziristan Agency
including
ETIM
and
Uighurs
in recent
months with the
commencement of the military operation Zarb-e-Azb which has also weakened the operational
capacity of ETIM . Furthermore, US drone strikes in various areas of FATA have also dented
the group by eliminating a number of its leaders.
2.
The security of the corridor is of crucial importance for Pakistan as well as China in
order to further strengthen trade and development-related ties. It is feared that growing
militancy will threaten the commencement of projects designed for the corridor. It will thus be
a challenge for both countries to quash militant groups and their fighters along and across
their borders. China also expects assistance from Pakistan in this regard. The presence of
local and foreign militants in Pakistani tribal areas usually generates pressure on the
government, therefore affecting bilateral relations .
Militant groups in Pakistan are relatively less hostile to China when compared to
America and its western allies, but at the same time, they have targeted Chinese citizens,
workers and engineers in past. The Uighur militants links with the Taliban in FATA pose a
major threat to Chinese interests in Pakistan. An Uzbek- speaking militant leader Mufti Abu
Zar al-Burmi recently released a video message directing all Taliban groups to carry out
attacks on Chinese embassies and companies and kidnap or kill Chinese nationals . The
second source of threat to security could be Baloch insurgent groups who are against mega
development projects in Balochistan, including Gwadar Port currently being developed by
Chinese companies. Thirdly, the militant-criminal nexus in certain areas also poses a threat
to Chinese engineers, workers and citizens in the form of kidnapping and robberies. In the
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past, there have been many incidents of kidnapping and killing of Chinese citizens working
and living in Pakistan.
3. This part of the report discusses the nature and level of potential security threats to the
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, which can appear in different parts of Pakistan in
form of protracted violence, terrorist attacks, kidnapping and criminal activities. The
threat assessment for different regionsthrough which the CPEC will passis based on
the frequency of terrorist attacks reported from these areas over the past few years, and
also the presence of militant, insurgent and criminal groups in those regions.
Chart 1: Terrorist attacks in Gwadar and neighboring districts (January 1, 2007-July

31, 2014)
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Chart 2: Terrorist attacks in parts of Sindh where CPEC-linked projects will run (January 1,
2007-July
Chart 4: Terrorist attacks in parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa where CPEC-linked projects will run
(January 1, 2007-July 31, 2014)
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Chart 5: Terrorist attacks in parts of Gilgit-Baltistan where CPEC-linked projects will run
(January 1, 2007-July 31, 2014)
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SEMINAR ON IMPACT OF CPEC ON GILGIT BALTISTAN

A seminar organized by Shishkat Youth Society on Impact of CPEC on Gilgit Baltistan was
held at AKUH Auditorium . This author was honored to be part of the speakers panel along with
renown journalist Mr Wusat Ullah Khan of BBC/Dawn News , Mr Waqar Ahmed of Express TV
, Mr Sajjad Ahmed of Area Study Center Karachi University and Mr Tasawar Karim Baig of
Geo TV. I dilated upon the security threats and opportunities and its impact on Gilgit Baltistan.
The detail media report about the seminar is appended below:-
Youth urged to prepare for the impact of China Pakistan Economic

Corridor (CPEC)
Dec 27, 2015 Pamir Times Featured, Gilgit - Baltistan 4
Pamir Times
Pamir Times is the pioneering community news and views portal of Gilgit Baltistan. It is a
voluntary, not-for-profit, non-partisan and independent venture initiated by the youth.
Anita Aziz
Karachi: Shishkat Youth Society (SYS) Karachi organized a seminar on impact of China
Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on Gilgit-Baltistan at AKUH Karachi. The speakers
included Wusat Ullah Khan, a prominent journalist and columnist affiliated with BBC Urdu and
Dawn News, Colonel Zahid Hussain, Senior Research Fellow Sajjad Ahmed and Tasawur Karim
Baig.
The speakers shared their opinion about the opportunities that the CPEC will offer for Pakistan
and specifically Gilgit-Baltistan. Wusat Ullah Khan said that there is a chance for the people of
GB to have their say in CPEC and ask for their due rights. CPEC is totally dependent on GB,
without representation in mainstream politics and in CPEC committee the voice of GB will
remain unheard.
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Colonel Zahid Hussain also highlighted the impacts of CPEC on Gilgit-Baltistan. He said the
mega projects will also have adverse effect on environment and wildlife due to increasing air and
noise pollution. The increased movement of people will also have more security concerns for the
local communities.
Tasawur Karim Baig and Sajad Ahmed emphasized on the youth to prepare themselves for the
opportunities. CPEC include mega infrastructures like dams, hydro power houses, roads and
railway lines, the youth should be prepared and optimistic about these opportunities.
Waqar Ahmed, anchor person and journalist famous for Safer Hay Shart program on Express
TV, shared his views through a video message.
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Earlier, a brief presentation was shared with audience about the activities of SYS and its pivotal
role in educating the youth. A short documentary was shown on CPEC highlighting the mega
projects
and
infrastructures
that
have
been
planned
in
Pakistan.
The event formally started with recitation of verses from the Holy Quran followed by prayer for
late Fazal Ali, a legendary sports man who died on 23 December. The guests were presented
with traditional caps of Hunza by Amir Ali, ex-president SYS and local teacher Mashkhool
Alam.
The event was attended by large number of students, professionals and people from different
walk of life. Live Sufi music was performed by Rustam Khan and Irfan Karim Bahadur.
Conclusions from the Secondary Research.
Long-term political stability in
Pakistan is vital to smoothly implement the projects like the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor. In the past, Pakistan has gone through phases of political instability and turmoil
that weakened the countrys development roadmap and also affected policy consistency.
Similarly, if now or later, some prolonged political crisis and economic meltdown grip the
country, the yearly and periodic budget allocations for the CPEC project could be disturbed
causing delays to the project outcome beyond set targets.
Although the prevailing environment of insecurity, militancy and violence in Pakistan can
pose serious threats to the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the level
and nature of this threat is not uniform across Pakistan. It is encouraging that the areas
through which the finalized eastern alignment of the corridor will run are relatively more
secure than those of the earlier planned western alignment, though with few exceptions.
The level of threat to the security of the CPEC project, including sites and personnel, is
low along most areas of eastern alignment with the exceptions of Gwadar, the Makran
Coastal Belt and Karachi, where threat level is assessed to be medium. At the same time, it
is imperative to ensure stringent security measures along the entire CPEC alignment.
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PRIMARY RESEARCH
a. Target Population. Target population consisted of transporters and traders throughout
the country. However the interview were conducted based on their experience and
expertise in cross functional domains of logistics and transportation.
b. Sample Size
For primary research, a sample of 100 respondents were taken across the five provinces of
the country hosting the corridor route. The details are as under:(1) Transporters
- 50
(2) Traders
- 40
Total
- 90
c. Sample Design
Sample design for transporters segment were selected in a way to cover following aspects:- All five provinces of Pakistan.
- All segments of the activity including
o Oil and gas.
o Passenger service.
o Container logistics.
o
Open trucks.
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Transport Owners
Category
Regions
Punjab/Sindh
Balochistan
KPK
GB/AK
Total
Oil and Gas
Containerized logistics
16
Open trucks logistics
10
22
Passenger service
Total
25
10
G-Total
50
Table # 2:The list of respondent traders.

Sample design for traders segment were selected in a way to cover following aspects:- All five provinces of Pakistan.
- All segments of the activity including
o Oil and gas
o Trade/Investment
o Provision of Services
o
Transportation
- Big and small companies (volume- wise).
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Traders
Category
Regions
Punjab/Sindh
Balochistan
KPK
GB
Total
Oil and Gas
Trade/Investment
14
Provision of Services
19
Transportation
19
Total
40
Table # 3: The list of respondent traders.

QUESTIONNAIRE
Two detailed questionnaires were designed to comprehensively cover opinions of the two groups
associated with the activities at CPEC i.e. the transport owners and the traders.
The questionnaire were carefully prepared and discussed in detail with the advisor (Mr.
Sibghatullah Husaini) provided by IBA. After discussion the questionnaire were suitable
modified and reworded.
Pre-Testing of Questionnaire
The questionnaire after duly modified were put through a pre-testing process at Army Logistics
Headquarters Karachi. Total four questionnaires were filled covering two sets of each group. The
aim was to check the receptivity and understanding of the questionnaire by the respondents.
Some minor adjustments were made after the results were obtained.
Purpose of the questions in the questionnaire
The final questionnaire distributed to the respondents had the following purposes to achieve:-
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QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE TRANSPORT OWNERS

Question-1. Which field of activity along the Pak-China Corridor do you plan to participate?
a. Oil and Gas
b. Containerized logistics
c. Open trucks logistics
d. Passenger service
Purpose. To see the transporters pattern of interest in various transport related business activities
along CPEC.
Question-2. Which is the most dangerous area for security along the Pak-China Economic
Corridor?
a.
Areas in GB
b.
Areas in KPK
c.
Areas in Punjab
d.
Areas in Sindh
e.
Areas in Balochistan
Purpose. To get a user view of threat perception along CPEC.

Question-3. Which is the most dangerous threat in your opinion along the route?
Purpose. An open ended question, to know which threat is perceived as most dangerous by the
transporters.
Question-4. Which is your primary security threat along the Pak-China Economic Corridor?
a.
TTP and its franchises
b.
BLA
32 | P a g e
c.
Dacoits
d. Others
Purpose. To get an idea about the threat perception by the transporters and how much is it
aligned with our own threat perception.
Question-5. Which are the top five security threat spots along the corridor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Purpose. An open ended question, to identify the vital areas for security along the route.
Question-6. Which route ( northern, central or southern) along the corridor suits your business
for economic reasons?
a. Northern Route: GB-KPK (Peshawar, DI Khan) Balochistan (Zohb, Quetta,
Khuzdar,Turbat and Gawadar)
b. Central Route: GB-Punjab (Indus Highway/Motorway)-Sindh (Rathodero)- Balochistan
(Khuzdar, Punjgor and Gawadar).
c. Southern Route: GB-Punjab (GT Road/Motorway) Sindh (GT Road/Motorway to
Karachi) Balochistan ( Coastal Highway)
Purpose. To check the comparative feasibility of various routes from purely economic point of
view.
Question-7. State your choice of use of route (northern, central or southern) along the corridor
suits you solely for security reasons?
a.
Most safe ..(northern, central or southern)
33 | P a g e
b.
Safe .(northern, central or southern)
c.
Less safe..(northern, central or southern)
Purpose. To check the comparative feasibility of various routes from purely security point of
view
Question-8.
Which are the threats you perceive in the order of priority?
a. Destruction of vehicle and goods for political reasons by terrorist organizations.

b. Delay of goods and services by local political mafias/rival transporters.
c. Abduction and hostage taking for ransom.
d. Theft and robber
e. Any other (please specify)
Purpose. To identify/classify the most feared threat by the transport owners.
Question-9:
What in your opinion is the cause of the most serious threat?
a.
Political expediency by hostile foreign agencies.
b.
Political expediency by hostile religious/political groups.
c.
Economic deprivation/ political rights.
d.
Lack of economic opportunity and joblessness.
e.
All the above.
Purpose. To carry out threat analysis based on cause and effect.

Question-10: How can we increase security for the Corridor (arrange in order of priority)?
a.
b.
34 | P a g e
c.
Purpose. To get the user feedback on security management.
Question-11: Arrange your security choice in the order of priority?
a.
By a joint Pak-China security force.
b.
By people participation and security ownership.
c.
By making the hostile countries as stakeholders.
d.
By increasing economic activity and job creation.
Purpose. To get the transport owners choice of priority security choices.

Question-12: What is your participation in providing security on the road (arrange your
priority)?
a.
Providing timely information to the security agencies.
b.
Employ security guard with my convoys.
c. Cooperate with the law enforcement agencies and follow security instructions.
d.
Any other (please specify)
Purpose. To get an idea about self-security and security consciousness.
35 | P a g e
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE TRADERS

Question-1. Which field of activity along the Pak-China Corridor do you plan to participate?
a. Oil and Gas
b. Trade/investment
c. Provision of services along the corridor
d. Transportation
Purpose. To ascertain the trend of traders, in various fields of activity along CPEC.
Question-2. Arrange the provinces in the order of danger from security point of view?
a.
GB
b.
KPK
c.
Punjab
d.
Sindh
e.
Balochistan
Purpose. To determine the threat awareness level of the traders.

Question-3. Which is your primary security threat along the Pak-China Economic Corridor?
a.
b.
BLA
c.
Dacoits/thefts
d. Business rivals
Purpose. To know the most feared threat along the CPEC.
36 | P a g e
Question-4. Whom do you trust for your security (arrange in order of priority)?
a.
Police
b.
Political workers
c.
Army/ Rangers/FC
d.
Private security
e. Any other
Purpose. To check the trust level of traders on various security providing agencies.
Khuzdar,Turbat and Ghwadar)
Purpose. To check the comparative feasibility of various routes from purely economic point of
view.
Question-6. Which route (northern, central or southern) along the corridor suits you solely for
security reasons?
a.
Northern Route: GB-KPK-Balochistan
b.
Central Route: GB-Punjab-Sindh (Rathodero)- Balochistan ( Khuzdar-Gawadar).
c.
Southern Route: GB- Punjab Sindh Balochistan.
37 | P a g e
Purpose. To check the comparative feasibility of various routes from purely security point of
view
Question-7.
a. Destruction of goods for political reasons by terrorist organizations.

b. Delay of goods and services by local political mafias/rival businesses.
d. Theft and robbery
Purpose. To assess the loss factor in the order of priority.
Question-8:
What in your opinion is the cause of the threat?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
All the above.
Purpose. To get the stakeholders opinion about the cause and effect
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Any other
38 | P a g e
Purpose. Get the stakeholders view on security management.

priority)?
a.
b.
c.
Cooperate with the law enforcement agencies and follow security instructions.
d.
Purpose. To get an idea about self security and security consciousness.
39 | P a g e
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
40 | P a g e
DATA ANALYSIS
(TRANSPORTERS OPENION)
1: Which field of activity along the Pak-China Corridor do you plan to participate?
Oil and Gas
Passenger service
25
20
Passanger service
15
Open Trucks Logistics

Containerized Logistics
10
Oil and Gas

5
0
Oil and Gas
Containerized Open Trucks

Logistics
Logistics
Passenger
service
Graph # 1: Fields of activity along the Pak-China Corridor

Data Interpretation
8%
Participating in Oil and Gas
32%
Participating in Containerized Logistics
44%
Participating in Open Trucks Logistics
16%
Participating in Passenger service
Comment. The open truck and containerized truck are the favorite business opportunities,
followed by passenger service and oil and gas.
41 | P a g e
2: Which is the most dangerous area for security along the Pak-China Economic Corridor?
a.
Areas in GB
b.
Areas in KPK
c.
Areas in Punjab
d.
Areas in Sindh
e.
Punjab
Sindh
Punjab
Sindh
Balochistan
Balochistan
KPK
GB
KPK
GB
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Graph # 2 : Most dangerous area for security along the Pak-China Economic Corridor
DATA INTERPRETATION
Balochistan
KPK
Sindh
GB
Punjab
- 62% people believe the most dangerous areas are in Balochistan

- 30% people believe the most dangerous areas are in KPK
- 4% people believe the most dangerous areas are in Sindh
- 4% people believe the most dangerous areas are in GB
- 0 % people believe the most dangerous areas are in Punjab
Comment. Areas in Balochistan are the most feared and Punjab is considered safest by the
respondents.
42 | P a g e
3: Which is the most dangerous threat in your opinion along the route?
Most Dangerous Threat
Terrorist Attack
Dacoity and snatching
Kidnapping
Target killing
Bomb Blast
Graph # 3; Most dangerous threat

DATA INTERPRETATION
Terrorist Attack
- 54% believe that terrorist attacks are the most dangerous threat
Dacoity and snatching
- 14% believe that dacoity and snatching are the most dangerous
threat
Kidnapping
- 12% believe that kidnapping is the most dangerous threat
Target Killing
- 14% believe that target killing is the most dangerous threat
Bomb Blast
- 6 % believe that bomb blast is the most dangerous threat
Comment. Terrorist attack is the most dangerous threat perceived by the transport owners and
bomb blast is the least dangerous treat considered by the respondents.
43 | P a g e
4: Which is your primary security threat along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor?
Dacoits
BLA
Others
Others
Dacoits
TTP
BLA
BLA
Dacoits
Others
TTP
0
10
15
20
25
30
Graph # 4: Primary security threat along CPEC

DATA INTERPRETATION
TTP is the primary security threat
BLA is the primary security threat
Dacoits are the primary security threat
Others are the primary security threat
52%
26%
8%
14%
Comments: TTP is considered by majority as primary threat to CPEC.
44 | P a g e
5: Which are the top five security threat spots along the corridor?
Chart #1: Top five security threat spots along CPEC

DATA INTERPRETATION
Top Five Threat Spots
Panjgoor
Turbat
Zohb
Chilas
Tank
Comment: Most of the threat spots are along the western Route.
45 | P a g e
6: Which route ( Western, central or Eastern) along the corridor suits your business for
economic reasons?
Western
Route
GB-KPK (Peshawar, DI Khan) Balochistan (Zohb, Quetta,

Central
Route
GB-Punjab (Indus Highway/Motorway)-Sindh (Rathodero)- Balochistan

GB-Punjab (GT Road/Motorway) Sindh (GT Road/Motorway to Karachi)

Balochistan ( Coastal Highway)
Eastern
Route
Chart # 2: Choice route for economic reasons

DATA INTERPRETATION
Most Economical
Economical
Less Economical
Western Route ( 2442Km)

Central Route ( 2756Km)
Eastern Route ( 2781Km)
Comments: Western route is considered the most economical by most of the respondents.
Ref: http://defence.pk/threads/genuine-map-of-cpec.372891/
46 | P a g e
7: State your choice of use of route (northern, central or southern) along the corridor suits you
solely for security reasons?
1.Most safe
northern, central or southern
2. Safe
3. Less safe
Chart # 3 : Choice route for security reasons.

DATA INTERPRETATION
1. Most safe
2. Safe
3. Less Safe
Eastern Route ( 2781Km)

Central Route (2756 Km)
Western Route ( 2442Km)
Comments: Western route is not a choice route, in spite of being economical.
47 | P a g e
8: Which are the threats you perceive in the order of priority?
Destruction of vehicle and goods for political reasons by terrorist organizations
Delay of goods and services by local

political mafias/rival transporters
Abduction and hostage taking for
ransom.
Theft and robber
Distruction of Vehicle /drivers

29
Abduction
12
Theft and Robbery
7
2 (sniper/IED)
Delay of Vehicles
0
Chart # 4: Threats in the order of priority.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Destruction of vehicle /drivers
58%
Abduction
24%
Theft and Robbery
14%
4%
Delay of Vehicles
0%
Comment: Destruction of vehicle and driver is taken the most serious threat by the respondents.
48 | P a g e
9: What in your opinion is the cause of the most serious threat?
Political expediency by hostile foreign

agencies
Political expediency by hostile religious/political groups
Economic deprivation/ political rights
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Lack of economic opportunity and

joblessness
All the above
All the above

Lack of economic opportunities
Economic deprivation/political
rights
Hostile religious/political groups
Foreign Agencies
Graph # 5 : Cause of the most serious threat.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Lack of economic opportunity and joblessness

Economic deprivation/ political rights
Political expediency by hostile religious/political groups
Political expediency by hostile foreign agencies
All of the above
10%
16%
26%
14%
34%
Comment: The respondents believe that a host of reasons are responsible for our existing state
and no single reason can be identified.
49 | P a g e
10: How can we increase security for the Corridor (arrange in order of priority)?
Local public
Private
Security
Police
Protection
by Army
Rangers/FC
11
34
Chart # 5 : Order of security choice.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Army protection
Rangers/FC/GB Scouts
Police
Private security
6%
Local public
4%
68%
22%
0%
Comment: Most of the transport owners trust the Army for CPEC security.
50 | P a g e
11: Arrange your security choice in the order of priority?

By making the hostile countries as

stakeholders
Job creation
Priority -4
Priority -3
Hostile Country Stakeholders
Priority -2
Priority -1
People ownership
Pak-China Joint
0
10
20
30
40
50
Graph # 6: Security choice in the order of priority
DATA INTERPRETATION
Security Management Priority-1
Pak China Joint security force
People participation and ownership
Increasing economic activity and job creation
Making the hostile countries as stakeholders
Comment: Formation of Pak-China joint security force for the security of CPEC was the
majoritys demand. The respondents believe that for better security even the hostile countries
should be made stakeholders.
51 | P a g e
12: What is your participation in providing security on the road (arrange your priority)?
a.
b.
c.
d. Any other (please specify)

1
Cooperate with
Law Enforcement
Agencies
27
Use Bomb proof

Vehicles
Providing Timely
Information
48
30
Avoid Night
Driving
Employ Security
Guards
27
26
4
Avoid Risky
Routes
32
Chart # 6: Respondents participation in providing security.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Priority of stakeholders contribution towards security
Cooperate with Law Enforcement Agencies
Providing Timely Information
Employ Security Guards
Avoid Risky Routes
Avoid Night Driving
Use Bomb proof Vehicles
Comment: Cooperation with law enforcement agencies figured out to be the top priority
contribution.
52 | P a g e
DATA ANALYSIS
(TRADERS OPENION)
1: Which field of activity along the Pak-China Corridor do you plan to participate?
Oil and Gas Trade/investment Provision of services along the corridor
Transportation
Transportation
Provision of Services
Trade/Investment
Oil and Gas
Oil and Gas
Transportation
Trade/Investment
Services
Trade and Investment
Provision of service
Oiland Gas
Transportation
0
10
15
20
Graph # 7 & 8: Planned activity on CPEC by the respondents.
53 | P a g e
DATA INTERPRETATION
Regional Volume
%age
Punjab/Sindh
Balochistan
KPK
GB/AK
47.5%
20%
22.5%
10%
Sector Activity Volume
Oil and Gas
7.5%
Trade and investment
35%
Provision of services
Transportation
47.5%
10%
Comment:
Punjab/Sindh combine make around half of the business activity on CPEC.
Services sector leads in volume with 47.5%.
54 | P a g e
2: Arrange the provinces in the order of danger from security point of view?
Punjab
Sindh
KPK
Balochistan
GB
35
30
25
20
Punjab/Sindh
15
Balochistan
10
KPK
GB
0
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Graph # 9: Order of danger from security point of view.
DATA INTERPRETATION
Balochistan
Highest on danger graph
KPK
Slightly higher on danger graph
GB
Slightly lower on danger graph
Punjab/Sindh
Lowest on danger graph
Comment:
Balochistan figures high on security danger graph.
Punjab/Sindh are relatively safer.
55 | P a g e
3: Which is your primary security threat along the Pak-China Economic Corridor?
Dacoits/thefts
BLA
Business rivals
Primary Security Threat
TTP
BLA
Dacoits
Business Rivals
Any other
Graph # 10: Showing primary security threat along CPEC.
DATA INTERPRETATION
TTP
60%
BLA
40%
Comment: TTP and BLA are the top ranking security threats along the CPEC
56 | P a g e
4: Whom do you trust for your security (arrange in order of priority)?

Police Political workers
Army/ Rangers/FC
Private security
Any other
4th
Political
Worker
3rd
Private
Security
2nd
Police
1st
Army/
Rangers/FC
Chart # 7 : Priority of trust for security
DATA INTERPRETATION
1st choice for security
Army/Rangers/FC
2nd choice for security
Police
3rd choice for security
Private security
4th choice for security
Political worker
Comment: Army and its subsidiaries are the top choice of the traders for security along CPEC.
57 | P a g e
5: Which route ( northern, central or southern) along the corridor suits your business for
economic reasons?
Western
Route
GB-KPK (Peshawar, DI Khan) Balochistan (Zohb, Quetta, Khuzdar,Turbat

and Gawadar)
Central
Route
GB-KPK - Punjab (Indus Highway/Motorway)-Sindh (Rathodero)- Balochistan

Eastern
Route
GB-KPK - Punjab (GT Road/Motorway) Sindh (GT Road/Motorway to

Priority Route for Economic Reason

18
16
14
12
10
Eastren Route
Central Route
6
4
2
0
Western Route
Eastren Route
Central Route
Western Route
Graph # 11: Priority Route for Economic Reason

DATA INTERPRETATION
1st Priority route
Western route
2nd Priority route
Central route
Last priority route
Eastern route
Comment: All agree that Western route is the most economical route.
58 | P a g e
6: Which route (northern, central or southern) along the corridor suits you solely for security
reasons?
Western
Route
GB-KPK-Balochistan.
Central
Route
GB-Punjab-Sindh (Rathodero)- Balochistan ( Khuzdar-Gawadar).
Eastern
Route
GB- Punjab Sindh Balochistan.
Priority Route for Security Reason

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Eastern Route
Central Route
Westren Route
Eastern Route
Central Route
Westren Route
Graph #12: Priority Route for Security Reason.

DATA INTERPRETATION
1st Priority route
Eastern route
2nd Priority route
Central route
Last priority route
Western route
Comment: All agree that Eastern route is the most secure route.
59 | P a g e
7: Which are the threats you perceive in the order of priority?

Destruction of goods for political
reasons by terrorist organizations
Delay of goods and services by local

political mafias/rival businesses
Abduction and hostage taking for

ransom
Theft and robbery
Distruction of Goods
Abduction
Theft and Robbery
Delay of Goods
Chart # 8 : Showing order of threat.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Order of Threat Perception
Destruction of Goods
Abduction
Theft and Robbery
Delay of Goods
Comment: Traders are most concern about the destruction/loss of their goods.
60 | P a g e
8: What in your opinion is the cause of the threat?
Political expediency by hostile foreign

agencies.
Lack of economic opportunity and
joblessness
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
All the above
All the above

Lack of economic opportunities
Economic deprivation/political
rights
Hostile religious/political groups
Foreign Agencies
Graph # 13 : Respondents opinion on cause of the threat.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Lack of economic opportunity and joblessness
5%
12.5%
Political expediency by hostile religious/political
20%
groups.
All the above
10%
52.5%
Comment: The traders are of the opinion that there is no single reason for the threat source. A
host of reasons have brought us to this present situation.
61 | P a g e
9: How can we increase security for the Corridor (arrange in order of priority)?
By people participation and security

ownership.
By increasing economic activity and job creation
By making the hostile countries as

stakeholder .
Any other
Any other
Job creation
Priority -4
Priority -3
Hostile Country Stakeholders
Priority -2
Priority -1
People ownership
Pak-China Joint
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Graph # 14: Showing the order of priority for security of CPEC.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Security Management
1st priority undertaking
Pak-China joint security force
2nd priority undertaking
People ownership
3rd priority undertaking
Job Creation
4th priority undertaking
Making hostile country as stakeholders

in CPEC project
Comment: The formation of a joint security mechanism is the top priority security management
demand by the traders
62 | P a g e
10: What is your participation in providing security on the road (arrange your priority)?
a.
b.
c.
d.

1
Cooperate
with Law
Enforcement
Agencies
Providing
Timely
Information
Avoid Risky
Routes
3
Employ
Security
Guards
Chart # 9: Showing respondents participation in providing security.

DATA INTERPRETATION
Integrating with Security Management System of CPEC
1st priority undertaking
2nd priority undertaking
3rd priority undertaking
Providing Timely Information
4th priority undertaking
Employ Security Guards
Cooperate with Law Enforcement

Agencies
Avoid Risky Routes

Comment: Cooperation with law enforcement agencies figured out as the 1st priority task
of the traders towards a better integrated security management system.
63 | P a g e
INTERVIEWS OF SECURITY EXPERTS

1. COLONEL AQIL MALIK, DIRECTOR OPERATIONS SHAHEEN FREIGHT
SERVICES
2. MAJOR HASSAN RAZA, GM CROWN SECURITY SERVICES
3. COLONEL IMTIAZ UL HAQ, EX-CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER FOR CHINESE
WORKING ON KKH WIDENING AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
COLONEL AQIL MALIK DIRECTOR OPERATIONS SHAHEEN

FREIGHT SERVICES
PROFILEs OF THE EXPERTs
Colonel Aqil Malik served in Pak Army for 30 years in various capacities in the Supply Chain
Management System (Ordinance Branch) of the Army. After retirement he built on his rich
experience and networking by joining a business partnership in the same field of Supply Chain
Management. Today his business conglomerate Shaheen Freight Services is a known brand in
Pakistan and provides inland logistic services to every nook and corner of the country and
outbound freight services to Afghanistan. It is matter of utmost pride for Shaheen Freight
Services that the firm was amongst top hundred tax payers of Pakistan for the Tax year 2013 and
has been awarded Prime Minister's Privilege and Honour Card for Tax year 2013.
His unique positioning as Director Operations gives him the opportunity to assess the
security situation on daily bases and his views on security are based on his vast experience in
operational planning and conduct of operations on all the major highways in the country.
Shaheen Freight Services is also geared up to make its impact on the PCEC (Pak-China
Economic Corridor) .
Today, I am honored to get an appointment with Colonel Aqil Malik to obtain his
learned insight into the interplay of security and business opportunities along the Pak China
Economic Corridor.
64 | P a g e
THREAT SPECTRUM
Question-1: How do you define a secure route, especially in the context of China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC)?
Answer -1: To me secure route is the one on which the transporters and traders are willing to
participate in the conduct of their operations and make profits. The transporters avoid routes
where the security situations are not satisfactory. During the last few years the Afghanistan
bound freight were not using RCD Highway due to some security issues between Khuzdar and
Qalat but now due to improved security situation the RCD highway is being used.
PCEC is a long route connecting China with the rest of the world. The world freight and
general service providers will see it very critically to invest here or not. Our media, our people
and our law enforcement agencies have a collective responsibility to assure the world that this
corridor is secure for investment.
Question 2: How do you define security threat along the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor?
Answer -2: I conducted the initial assessment of the CPEC route during the month of June 2015
by traveling by road till Pak-China border (Khunjarab Pass) and back. It was a fruitful
experience and I was able to meet friends along the route and got an insight into the prevailing
security situation. I was encouraged by the overall security situation and I am encouraged to
participate in the activities . Our presence is already there and we are presently providing
supplies to the KKH expansion project at Dassu KPK.
The presence of various security agencies along the route along with heavy flow of traffic
provides security to the route. Isolated incidents can happen but then it is the responsibility of the
media not to blow it out of proportion. I was not impressed by the expansion project of KKH, it
is already getting congested and will face problem in accommodating additional traffic. The
frequent stops and disruptions also invite security problems. I hope and believe the Government
is cognizant of the situation and things will improve.
65 | P a g e
Question - 3: How much is the external factor a real threat, including India and others?
Answer -3: Yes, the threat is there and it is real but the capability of the enemy action to
effectively disrupt operations on CPEC is limited, partly because of geographical considerations
and partly because of our intelligence operations. Certain quarters of the press unnecessarily
overblow the situation which tantamount to playing to the opponents advantage. It is obvious
that at the start of the corridor operations, the foreign elements who are not happy with this PakChina cooperation will try to disturb the businesses and the masses but business will take a
positive view of things and not follow the hawkish media.
Question 4: How much dangerous is the Internal threat landscape?
Religious elements
Separatist elements
Political elements
Others
Answer -4: I am always optimistic, that is why we provide logistic freight services up till Kabul
and beyond. I do not follow the media perception and rather follow the ground realities. To me
the origin of all the terrorist elements are the possession of money and power. They do not have
any other motivation and for sustenance they need funds. Effective social responsibility
undertakings by the government and businesses along the route will address the issue to a greater
degree. The isolated hard core elements can then be taken on by the law enforcement agencies
with the effective support of the public and transporters. These terrorist elements have acquired
some places of importance along the route and carry out isolated operations against opportunity
targets. It is like a franchise and any one can buy them for money, if we provide job security and
social support for them, the recruitment for terrorists will reduce considerably.
All the stakeholders along the route are asking for their fair or unfair share and the denial
or likely denial creates security issues. The Governments initiative in Balochistan is resulting in
improved law and order situation in that province. Such measures to address the rightful
demands can be helpful. The Karachi situation is also a test case where the neglect of civic
facilities is translating into law and order situation.
66 | P a g e
RESPONSE OPTIONS
Question - 5: You have had a vast experience of serving on the security panel of various
organizations during your military service and now you are successfully managing a freight
service across the country and overseas. In your opinion what are our security strengths
and weaknesses along the CPEC?
Answer - 5:
In my opinion our people are our greatest strength, the public is sick of the
terrorists and want a peaceful environment where they can earn livelihood for their children. Our
armed forces including police force is willing to pay the price and have done so in the past. This
collective will to acquire peace is our strength and I am certain a better Pakistan, a peaceful
Pakistan is emerging.
Yes, the main weakness lies in our weak and poorly constructed roads, except motorway
no road is worth the task. Look at the Motorway, where the terrorist activities are minimal
because the traffic flow is fast and the response time of law enforcement agencies are efficient.
The well made and well-kept roads provide inbuilt security to the traffic. The terrorists generally
position themselves on broken roads and bottle necks. The communication failure along the
routes are also worrisome and call for attention. I just traveled on the KKH and it is in bad state ,
the only section worthy of use is the section between Chilas and Khunjarab, that too is not
sufficient to accommodate heavy traffic.
Question - 6: What are the security response options available for Pakistan to secure the
CPEC?
Answer-6:
Following steps may help:-
a. The government should first ensure provision of well- constructed and well maintained
road infrastructure for CPEC. That by itself will provide security for the traffic.
b. The Motorway Police model with necessary improvement is the most suited security
model for CPEC.
c. Army can take a more behind the scene security control by deploying troops on critical
passes and junctions with effective satellite and aviation cover to give timely help to the
motorway police.
67 | P a g e
d. The Motorway Police should be primarily responsible for traffic management and
security along the route.
e. The District Management can be assigned the responsibility to protect the service line
facilities including hotels, Oil pumps and hospitals etc.
Question - 7: What is the priority of route for ease of security and why?
Western
Central
Eastern
Answer - 7:
The Eastern route is already secure and in good use, so to start with it is a good
choice but as the traffic volume increases, the other two will be used. It is less of the
Governments decision and more of the transporters and business houses choice.
You see, the
motorway is around 100 km longer than the GT Road but still people prefer the motorway
between Lahore and Islamabad/Peshawar, it is because of the road condition and security.
The likely flow is expected to increase so much that all the three routes will operate to
capacity. The Afghanistan bound traffic (China Afghanistan and Afghanistan - Gawadar) will
surely follow the Northern route right from the start. I have not traveled on the Central route
therefore unable to comment on that.
Question - 8: What is the suggested deployment of forces for the security, including
private security firms?
Answer -8:
I am not for private security; it will create more problem than solving some. The
people ownership along with Motorway police and Army support will be a matter of choice for
me. Effective media help in displaying positive image of our security environment will go a long
way in restoring confidence in ourselves in the foreign minds. The negative media reporting of
isolated incidents should be avoided, as it really damages the confidence of the stakeholders.
Such isolated incidents are daily occurring even in the most advanced countries.
Thank you Sir, for your time and valuable insight
68 | P a g e
MAJOR HASSAN RAZA GM CROWN SECURITY SERVICES

PROFILE OF THE EXPERT
Major Hassan Raza General Manager of Crown Security Services is an imminent security
expert who has vast experience of security including security on the wheels and on the ports.
During his 25 years meritorious service the officer performed various security related operations
in Balochistan and served in NLC at Karachi port . After retirement in 1996 , he remained
associated with logistics company MITS as Security Manager on the wheels. In 1999 he formed
his own security company Crown Security Services which provides security to the vital
national assets including Port Qasim. There cannot be any person more appropriate than Major
Hassan Raza to understand the paradigm of security along the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor.
69 | P a g e
THREAT SPECTRUM
Question-1: How do you define a secure route, especially in the context of China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor (PCEC)?
Answer: To me security starts from the mind (psychological security) of the user, where before
taking the first step he should be free of any fear including threat to his life and property. That
feeling of being protected is the first step followed by the matching physical security on the
routes. Remember everyone comes on the route in order to make money not loose life or assets.
China=Pakistan Economic Corridor is a game changer for businesses across the region, but the
benefit of it can only accrue if we are able to assure the businesses that their life and assets are
protected from hostile forces and this venture is profitable for them.
Question 2: How do you define security threat along the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor?
Answer: The security treat along the CPEC is multidimensional and intertwined; the terrorists
can operate independently and can launch a coordinated attack. It depends who is using whom
and who are pulling the strings. All the terrorists are Hum Nawala Hum Payala and bitter
enemies of today can be seen friends of tomorrow and vice-versa. This phenomenon can be
understood by a graph as under:-
GB
Others
KPK
Decoits
Balochistan
Sectarian
BLA
Punjab
TTP
Sindh
0
Graph # 14: Showing the relative presence of various terrorist elements in the provinces.
70 | P a g e
Question 3: How much is the external factor a real threat?
India
Afghanistan
Iran
US
Others
Answer: Yes, the external threat is very much real and apparent , all regional and intraregional
forces are involved here. The US- India-Afghanistan nexus is the largest threat to CPEC. They
fund and train the terrorist organizations in the country to create law and order situation here.
The leaders of BLA are residing in US and Europe and running the show here. The commanders
of TTP are in Afghanistan and enjoying guest status there. Even our Arab brethren are not
comfortable with Gawader Seaport and are providing funding to the religious terrorists. India is
creating unrest in Gilgit Baltistan by propagating the denial of self-rule for the region. Indian
support for terror organizations in Karachi is a case in point.
Question 4 . How much dangerous is the Internal threat landscape?
Religious elements
Separatist elements
Political elements
Others
Answer: The fact is that we are our own worst enemies, for our own self-interest we can be
instrument of any hostile agencies. The religious elements earned $ US during the Afghan Jehad
and almost all the clerics transited from bicycle to land-rovers. They issued all sorts of fatwa in
support of the man of books and against the Godless Russians. When that Dollar dried up they
became the worst enemies of the US and sought new masters. Same is the case with the hostile
sardars of Balochistan. I have served in Balochistan uprising in seventies and know the ruthless
behavior of these Sardars towards their people. These elements only need money and can go to
any extent to get it, even at the cost of the state. The sectarian turf war between KSA and Iran is
71 | P a g e
also fought here with the financial support of the foreign masters. You should be sure that threats
of all sorts are real.
RESPONSE OPTIONS
Question - 5. You have had a vast experience of serving on the security panel of NLC,
MITS and Karachi sea port and Port Qasim . In your opinion what are our security
strengths and weaknesses along the CPEC?
Answer- 5:
Yes, for the last 26 years I am associated with various organizations providing
security to the logistics on the wheels and logistic installations. My response is somewhat mixed,
the higher side is the cooperation of the local public with law enforcement agencies, the strength
and training of our Armed Forces, improved security technology and trained civil Armed Forces
( FC, Rangers and GB Scouts) and an efficient Civil Security Services.
On the down side is the politicized, unwilling, ill-trained and corrupt police force, which is more
of a drain than help. Unless the police force is not reorganized and trained, the situation is not
likely to improve.
Question - 6. What are the security response options available for Pakistan to secure the
CPEC?
Answer - 6:
Our response option needs to be integrative of all the elements of National
Security with the public ownership taking the central stage for provision of security to CPEC.
The political forces need to mobilize the public support in favor of a secure and peaceful
corridor. The larger political issues in governance be taken at priority, including Balochistan
issue, problem of constitutional rights to GB, resolution of FATA status and other political
problems. The religious elements need to show tolerance towards other sects and the hate speech
and hate material needs to be stopped.
Based on the above, a security organization headed by the Army should be set up. All other
security forces should be suitably integrated in the plan. To ensure economy the lion share of
security should rest with the private security organization with suitable satellite and arial
coverage by the Army.
72 | P a g e
Question - 7. What is the priority of route for ease of security and why?
Western
Central
Eastern
Answer -7 .
It is a political decision and should not be confused with security. Yes, from the
current security perspective the Eastern Route is more secure and the Western Route the least.
The moment the political irritants are removed, the western route will become as secure as the
Eastern Route.
Question - 8: What is the suggested deployment of forces for the security, including
private security firms?
Answer - 8:
Deployment may on the following line:-
1. The Government should ensure following:a.
Set up PCEC Security Authority under the Ministry of Defence, as an Act of

Parliament with clearly defined mission.
b. Ensure mobile communication coverage of the complete CPEC.

c. Ensure satellite coverage of the complete CPEC.
d. Ensure PAF/ Army Aviation coverage of the complete CPEC.
e. Ensure availability of First Aid posts and security infrastructure along the corridor.
2. The Army/Civil Armed Forces should be assigned following task:a. Provide command structure for the CPEC Security Authority on the lines of AntiNarcotics Force.
b. Provide intelligence cover to the CPEC.
c. Provide Quick Response Force at suitable locations to counter any threat in the
minimum possible time.
d. Conduct training for the CPEC force.
e. Maintain security on the chock points and vital security points/vital security areas.
3. The Motorway/Highway Police should be assigned following tasks to perform.
73 | P a g e
a. Regulate the traffic.

b. Provide security at the assembly areas and rest areas.
c. Investigate irregularities.
4. Private Security Services being cost effective and responsive should be the main stay of the
security along the route to be given following task:a. Provide security to the convoys in the region of Punjab and Sindh.
b. Deploy guards on important crossing points and trouble spots.
c. Guard the static installations along the route including the oil facilities and hotels.
74 | P a g e
COLONEL IMTIAZ UL HAQ EX CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER FOR CHINESE

WORKING ON KKH WIDENING AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
PROFILE OF THE EXPERT
Colonel Imtiaz ul Haq served Pak Army as an infantry and Intelligence officer for 28 years
and has a vast experience of Strategic Security, Security Intelligence and Operational Security.
He is a graduate of the prestigious Command & Staff College Quetta and National University of
Modern Languages Islamabad. Served as Intelligence officer in MI, Commandant Makran
Scouts FC Balochistan, Chief Instructor of anti-terrorist training Centre Mardan.
After retirement in 2010, he joined the Pakistan Police as Chief Security Officer Karakorum
Highway (KKH). In that capacity he was responsible for security of Chinese engineers and
workers employed on the expansion project of KKH.
Based on his knowledge of the terrain, cultures and security challenges Colonel Imtiaz ul Haq
is immensely suited for discussion on Security for China Pakistan Economic Corridor.
75 | P a g e
THREAT SPECTRUM
Question-1: How do you define a secure route, especially in the context of China Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC)?
Answer: Pak-China Economic Corridor concept is a long term project, having regional and
global implications in the context of trade and commerce. In this context a secure route means
safe / protected route, free of security threats and hazards for the trade convoys travelling on this
route under existing conditions as well as in times to come. A route that allows guaranteed
uninterrupted flow of traffic in a free of fears and speculations environment.
Question 2: How do you define security threat along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor?
Answer: As entire region of South Asia has been victim to security issues during last few
decades, especially after end of Afghan War in 1988, the unruly militants militia wings that
fought Afghan war as Mujahideen, pose security threat to Afghanistan and Pakistan, both. At the
same time India is also overtly and covertly opposing and trying its level best to hijack this
project plan because threats to its own economic and political interests. As the route passes
through different geographical and demographical regions from Khujerab Pass to Gawadar, the
people in many regions, especially in territorial jurisdictions of Diamer, Kohistan, Interior Sind
and Balochistan can easily fall prey to the powers who are against this project and pose security
threat along CPEC.
Question 3: How much is the external factor a real threat?
India A potent real threat.
Afghanistan The Govt of Afghanistan is not a real threat, unless they perceive that
Pakistan is responsible for internal strife and support to Afghan Taliban.
However, Pakistani Taliban who are hiding and in refuge in Afghanistan can
plan and execute operations in Diamer and Kohistan Districts.
Iran Not a real threat, unless the Shia Community is marginalized in GB.
US A real and potent threat because its global economic objectives are challenged.
Others
76 | P a g e
Question 4 . How much dangerous is the Internal threat landscape?

Answer:
Religious elements real and enormous.
Separatist elements Potent threat in Balochistan and very marginal elsewhere.
Political elements negligible.
Others negligible.
RESPONSE OPTIONS
Question 5. You have had a vast experience of serving on the security panel of FC Balochistan,
Highway Police and Military Intelligence. In your opinion what are our security strengths and
weaknesses along the CPEC?
Answer 5:
Strengths.
Respect for China and Chinese as tested friends, Economic gains for the areas in
route and business / employment opportunities.

Weaknesses.
Religious extremism caused by mudrassa culture and separatist
movements in Balochistan.
Question 6.
What are the security response options available for Pakistan to secure the CPEC?
Answer:
a. Raising of exclusive force for security which is under way.
b. Elimination of terrorism and extremism through ruthless surge operations.
c. Addressing the root causes of political issues.
Question 7.
What is the priority of route for ease of security and why?
Western
Central
Eastern
Answer : no comments because am not aware of the alignment of different routes.

77 | P a g e
Question 8:
What is the suggested deployment of forces for the security, including private
security firms?
Answer:
a. A Brigade for GB and Kohistan
b. A Brigade for KPK and Punjab
c. A Brigade for Sind and Balochistan.
d. Integration local 2nd and 3rd line forces in the overall security plan.
78 | P a g e
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
79 | P a g e
CONCLUSIONS
Based on my secondary research on the security of CPEC, primary research based on the
respondents from traders and transport owners and the valuable input by the experts on security
and logistics following conclusions are drawn:1. Secure route is the one on which the transporters and traders are willing to participate in
the conduct of their operations and make profits. The transporters avoid routes where the
security situations are not satisfactory.
2. The security treat along the CPEC is multidimensional and intertwined; the terrorists can
operate independently and can launch a coordinated attack. It depends who is using
whom and who are pulling the strings. All the terrorists are Hum Nawala Hum Payala
and bitter enemies of today can be seen friends of tomorrow and vice-versa. This
phenomenon can be understood by a graph as under:-
GB
KPK
Others
Decoits
Balochistan
Sectarian
BLA
TTP
Punjab
Sindh
0
Graph # 14: Composition of Terrorist Groups in various Provinces.

3. Our response option needs to be integrative of all the elements of National Security with
the public ownership taking the central stage for provision of security to CPEC. The
political forces need to mobilize the public support in favor of a secure and peaceful
80 | P a g e
corridor. The larger political issues in governance be taken at priority, including

Balochistan issue, problem of constitutional rights to GB, resolution of FATA status and
other political problems. The religious elements need to show tolerance towards other
sects and the hate speech and hate material needs to be stopped
4. Most of the transport owners in Pakistan are planning to ply open trucks logistics ( 44%),
followed by containerized logistics ( 32%), passenger service (16%) and the least interest
is in oil and gas sector (8%).
5. The areas falling in the geographical limits of Balochistan are the primary security
concern (62%) for the transporters and traders.
6. Terrorist attack is the most dangerous threat (53%) perceived by the transport owners
and bomb blast is the least dangerous treat (6%) considered by the respondents.
7. TTP and its allied franchises are considered by majority (52%) as primary threat to
CPEC. Whereas BLA stands second on the dangerous list of threat to CPEC according to
26% of the total respondents.
8. Most of the threat spots are along the western Route (Panjgoor,Turbat and Zohb).
Whereas, Western route is considered the most economical by most of the respondents
(56%).
9. Western route is not a choice route (18%), in spite of being economical due to security
concerns.
10. Destruction of vehicle and driver (58%) is taken the most serious threat by the
respondents.
11. The respondents believe that a host of reasons (34%) are responsible for our existing state
and no single reason can be identified.
12. Most of the transport owners (68%) trust the Army for CPEC security.
13. Formation of Pak-China joint security force for the security of CPEC was the majoritys
demand. The respondents believe that for better security even the hostile countries should
be made stakeholders.
14. Cooperation with law enforcement agencies figured out to be the top priority contribution
by the transport owners and traders.
81 | P a g e
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Public/ political ownership in the form of effective legislation and proportionate
representation of all five federating units at the BOD is a welcome decision by the
Government. This decision making body should hold regular meetings and resolve
the arising issues in the planning and execution of the CPEC project.
2. Organization of a joint Pak-China security mechanism to ensure effective
surveillance of the corridor and quick response force to effectively respond to any
threat in the quickest possible timeframe. Following steps in this. regards are
suggested:a. Joint command and communication center be established at Islamabad for
sharing real time information about the flow of traffic and treat identification.
b. Effective aerial surveillance and gunship helicopter cover be coordinated
between the countries for quick response against any threat.
3. Following VAs (Vital Areas) and VPs (Vital Points) along the routes be covered by
security forces deployment.
Northern Route
Central Route
Eastern Route
KKH till Hawalian
KKH till Hawalian
KKH till Hawalian
Indus crossing at Attock
Indus crossing at Multan
Crossing over River Jehlum
Area b/wTank and Loralai
Area b/w Rojan and Rathodero
Crossing over River Chenab
Lak Pass Quetta
Area b/w Larkana and Khuzdar
Crossing over River Ravi
Area b/w Qalat and Khuzdat
Area b/w Wad and Panjgoor
Crossing over River Indus at

Hyderabad
Area b/w Panjgoor and Turbat
Area b/w Panjgoor and Turbat
Crossing over Hub River and

Buzee Pass Makran
Area b/w Koh Murad and Pasni
Area b/w Turbat and Gawadar
Area b/w Pasni and Gawadar
Table # 3: Important VAs and VPs along the CPEC
82 | P a g e
4. Establishment of CPEC Security Authority is recommended which should be headed

by Pakistan Army and organized on the lines of e.g ASF to coordinate and
implement a coordinated response by various security agencies.
5. National Action Plan of January 2015 ( 20 point agenda) as a response to curb

religious militancy and sectarian violence should be followed according to the given
timeline. It will help in addressing the fundamental issue of recruitment and financing
for the terrorists.
6. As the research brings out that TTP and BLA are the two most feared groups
opposing CPEC. It is recommended to follow the Saudi style of reward for the Baloch
youth and TTP youth in the form of job opportunities and business opportunities. It is
recommended to spend at least $1Billion to provide jobs and other opportunities for
these disgruntled youth. It will help make them stakeholders in the project and create
better security environment.
7.
For better management and security a graduated opening of the corridor routes is
recommended. The public opinion is positive about the Eastern Corridor in spite of it
being 400 Km longer. As a start point the Eastern Corridor should be opened for
traffic followed by the central route and at the end western route be opened.
8. Effective traffic control system to regulate traffic provides an inbuilt security to the
traffic on the routes. Therefore a dedicated and trained traffic police force be
deployed for better management of traffic.
9. For speedy trials of the terrorists we need effective prosecution and punishment
system based on the Chinese lines. Fear of God can be instilled in the heart of the
terrorists by ruthless dealing with the terrorists operating on CPEC. China can be
helpful in this regards for training of the law enforcement agencies.
10. India and Afghanistan are the two countries who are linked through CPEC and
effective measures to make these hostile foreign countries as stakeholders will help
in the smooth conduct of businesses along CPEC. Better sense can prevail by
negotiating some deal with India and Afghanistan for trade and India- Iran link. It
will help in better management of security for CPEC and reduce the threat level for
the CPEC security.
83 | P a g e
REFERENCES & ANNEXTURES
84 | P a g e
REFERENCES
SN
1
Content
Map of CPEC
Page
10
Ref
http://www.newsmedialive.com/cpec-facespakistan-as-a-whole-china/
US Views on CPEC
12
https://gwadarprivatescheme.wordpress.com/gwada
r-future/
Indians Views on CPEC
13
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakista
n_Economic_Corridor#Security
Russian Views on CPEC
13
Russsian Institute For Strategic Studies

Pakistan Is The Zipper Of Pan-Eurasian
Integration by Andrew Korybko
http://en.riss.ru/analysis/18882/
Iranian Views on CPEC
14
http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/why-iran-needs-toexplore-participation-in-the-china-pakistan-economiccorridor/
An assessment of
21-
potential threats and
24
Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies (PIPS)

Research Journal, Conflict and Peace
Studies VOLUME 6 July-Dec 2014
constraints
Security-related threats.
http://www.san-pips.com/download.php?f=260.pdf
by Safdar Sial
7
Seminar on CPEC at
25-
http://pamirtimes.net/2015/12/27/youth-urged-to-
Aga Khan University
27
prepare-for-the-impact-of-china-pakistaneconomic-corridor-cpec/
Map of Target
population
28
http://www.brinknews.com/chinas-aid-topakistan-increases-regions-geopolitical-risk/
85 | P a g e
ACTIVITY SCHEDULE (4 Sep 15 to 15 Jan 16)

S.N Activity
TIMELINE
Sep-15
W1
W2
Oct-15
W3
W4
W5
W6
Nov-15
W7
W8
W9
W10
Dec-15
W11
W12
W13
Jan-16
W14
W15
W16
W17
w18
Project topic
approval
submitted
Project topic
approved
Project TORs
finalization
Questionnaire
Development
Discussion with
Instructor on
Questionnaire
Secondary
Research
Primary
Research
Data Analysis
Report Writing
10
Report
Submission
86 | P a g e
QUESTIONNAIRES
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE TRANSPORT OWNERS
Question-1. Which field of activity along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor do you plan to
participate?
e.
f.
g.
h.
Oil and Gas

Passenger service
.
Question-2. Which is the most dangerous area for security along the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor?
a.
Areas in GB
b.
Areas in KPK
c.
Areas in Punjab
d.
Areas in Sindh
e.
.
Question-3. Which is the most dangerous threat in your opinion along the route?
.
Question-4. Which is your primary security threat along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor?
a.
b.
BLA
c.
Dacoits
d. Others
Question-5. Which are the top five security threat spots along the corridor?
a.
b.
87 | P a g e
c.
d.
Question-7. State your choice of use of route (northern, central or southern) along the corridor
suits you solely for security reasons?
a.
Most safe ..(northern, central or southern)
b.
Safe .(northern, central or southern)
c.
Less safe..(northern, central or southern)
.
Question-8.
a. Destruction of vehicle and goods for political reasons by terrorist organizations.

b. Delay of goods and services by local political mafias/rival transporters.
d. Theft and robber
.
Question-9:
What in your opinion is the cause of the most serious threat?
a.
b.
88 | P a g e
c.
d.
e.
All the above.
a.
b.
c.
.
Question-11: Arrange your security choice in the order of priority ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
.
priority)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
89 | P a g e
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE TRADERS

Question-1. Which field of activity along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor do you plan to
participate?
e.
f.
g.
h.
Oil and Gas

Trade/investment
Provision of services along the corridor
Transportation
Question-2. Arrange the provinces in the order of danger from security point of view?
a.
GB
b.
KPK
c.
Punjab
d.
Sindh
e.
Balochistan
Question-3. Which is your primary security threat along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor?
a.
b.
BLA
c.
Dacoits/thefts
d. Business rivals
Question-4. Whom do you trust for your security (arrange in order of priority)?
a.
Police
b.
Political workers
c.
Army/ Rangers/FC
d.
Private security
90 | P a g e
e. Any other
Question-6. Which route (northern, central or southern) along the corridor suits you solely for
security reasons?
a.
Northern Route: GB-KPK-Balochistan
b.
Central Route: GB-Punjab-Sindh (Rathodero)- Balochistan ( Khuzdar-Gawadar).
c.
Southern Route: GB- Punjab Sindh Balochistan.
Question-7.
a. Destruction of goods for political reasons by terrorist organizations.

b. Delay of goods and services by local political mafias/rival businesses.
d. Theft and robbery
Question-8:
What in your opinion is the cause of the threat?
a.
b.
c.
91 | P a g e
d.
e.
All the above.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Any other
priority)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
92 | P a g e

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SECURITY OF CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR

Research Report Submitted to IBA as Requirement for the EMBA- Degree

CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHDOLOGY ............................................................21

Research Paper by Safdar Sial (CPEC: an assessment of potential threats).. 22

Seminar at AKU - Impact of CPEC on Gilgit Baltistan 26

PRIMARY RESEARCH .........................................................................................29

Target Population ...........................................................................................29

Sample Size ....................................................................................................29

Sample Design ................................................................................................29

CHAPER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS ....................................................................................40

Dedicated to Alwaez Muhammad Aslam Khan

This report on Security of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is developed and

To the best of my knowledge , the research report Security of China-Pakistan Economic

institute for the award of a similar of any other degree.

Map #1: Map of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

KKH till Hawalian

KKH till Hawalian

KKH till Hawalian

Indus crossing at Attock

Indus crossing at Multan

Crossing over River Jehlum

Area b/wTank and Loralai

Area b/w Rojan and

Crossing over River Chenab

Area b/w Larkana and

Crossing over River Ravi

Area b/w Wad and Panjgoor

Crossing over River Indus at

Area b/w Panjgoor and

Area b/w Panjgoor and

Crossing over Hub River

Buzee Pass Makran

Area b/w Turbat and

Area b/w Pasni and Gawadar

Table # 1: List of bottlenecks along CPEC.

External Security Situation

US Views on CPEC Security. Gawadar is emerging as a center of global marine

Indian objection will be overtly manifest in raising the disputed status of

i. Secessionists Support. May support the Baloch secessionists and try to

Afghan Views on CPEC Security. Afghanistan is a close ally of US and India

INTERNAL SECURITY SITUATION

elements in Pakistan follow their

CHAPTER 2: TERMS OF REFERNCES FOR THE PROJECT

is one of the landmark developments of this

is a task which provides

Purpose of the Study

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

There are certainly security-related threats linked to the China-Pakistan Economic

months with the

Chart 1: Terrorist attacks in Gwadar and neighboring districts (January 1, 2007-July

SEMINAR ON IMPACT OF CPEC ON GILGIT BALTISTAN

Youth urged to prepare for the impact of China Pakistan Economic

Conclusions from the Secondary Research.

Long-term political stability in

Oil and Gas

Open trucks logistics

Table # 2:The list of respondent traders.

- Big and small companies (volume- wise).

Oil and Gas

Table # 3: The list of respondent traders.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE TRANSPORT OWNERS

Purpose. To get a user view of threat perception along CPEC.

TTP and its franchises