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Transforming
our world
through intelligent
connected platforms
Last 30 years
Next 30 years
Interconnecting people
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
Analog voice
Digital voice
Mobile broadband
Mobile Internet
WCDMA/HSPA+, CDMA2000/EV-DO
Enhanced mobile
broadband
Mission-critical
services
Massive Internet
of Things
Smarter agriculture
Designing 5G
New Radio (NR)
Diverse
deployments
An OFDM-based unified,
more capable air interface
Diverse
spectrum
NR
Diverse services
and devices
6
Strong security
e.g. Health / government / financial trusted
Ultra-low energy
10+ years of battery life
Ultra-low complexity
10s of bits per second
Ultra-high reliability
Massive
Internet of
Things
Missioncritical
control
Ultra-low latency
As low as 1 millisecond
Ultra-high density
1 million nodes per Km2
Extreme capacity
10 Tbps per Km2
Enhanced
mobile broadband
Deep awareness
Discovery and optimization
7
Low bands below 1 GHz: longer range for e.g. mobile broadband and massive IoT
e.g. 600 MHz, 700 MHz, 850/900 MHz
Mid bands 1 GHz to 6 GHz: wider bandwidths for e.g. eMBB and mission-critical
e.g. 3.4-3.8 GHz, 3.8-4.2 GHz, 4.4-4.9 GHz
Licensed Spectrum
Shared Spectrum
Exclusive use
Unlicensed Spectrum
Shared use
Device-to-device
Multi-hop
topologies
Small cell
5G will be deployed
and managed by a
variety of entities
Mobile operator
networks provide
ubiquitous
coveragethe
backbone of 5G
Integrated access
and backhaul
Mobilizing mmWave
Ultra-reliable
links
Massive
MIMO
Narrowband
Internet of Things
Dynamic,
low-latency
TDD/FDD
Advanced
channel coding,
e.g. LDPC
Beam
forming
Integrated access
and backhaul
Redundant
links
Multi-connectivity
Multicast
Coordinated
spatial techniques
Wide
bandwidths
V2N
Multi-hop
Grant-free uplink
transmissions,
e.g. RSMA
Advanced
receivers
Device-centric
mobility
V2V
10x
10x
3x
100x
100x
experienced
throughput
connection
density
spectrum
efficiency
traffic
capacity
network
efficiency
10
5G Carrier aggregation
5G / 4G / 3G / Wi-Fi
multimode device
Macro
5G above 6GHz
5G below 6GHz
4G LTE, LTE Unlicensed and Wi-Fi
5G above 6GHz
Wi-Fi
4G below 6GHz
4G/5G below 6GHz
5G below 6GHz
4G LTE
4G/5G Macro
4G Macro
5G NR radio access designed to utilize LTE anchor for mobility management (non-standalone) or
operate stand-alone with new multi-access 5G NextGen Core Network (NGCN)
11
Shared spectrum
Massive MIMO
Gigabit-class LTE
Low Latency
256QAM
5G NR
NB-IoT
Enhanced broadcast
Carrier aggregation
Device-to-device
C-V2X
Rel-10/11/12
LTE Advanced
2010
5G
NR
2015
Note: Estimated commercial dates. Not all features commercialized at the same time
2020
12
TM
13
5G mmWave prototype
system and trial platform
28 GHz mmWave
RFIC development
1.79 cm
0.71
cm
1 For limited regional fixed wireless deployments (e.g. Korea and US) operating at 28 and 39 GHz; also will be utilized for mobile wireless access trials to drive 5G NR standardization
14
Driving standardization on 5G NR
OFDM-based designs implemented on the prototype system
are being utilized to drive 3GPP standardization
15
5G standards,
technology and
research leadership
Over-the-air interoperability
testing leveraging prototype
systems and our leading
global network experience
Roadmap to 5G significantly
more complex and faster
movingbuilds upon our rich
history of industry firsts
16
R17 + 5G evolution
5G NR R15 launches2
5G NR R16 launches
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Note: Estimated commercial dates. 1 The latest plenary meeting of the 3GPP Technical Specifications Groups (TSG#72) has agreed on a detailed workplan for Release-15; 2 Forward compatibility with R16 and beyond
2022
17
A common, flexible
framework
Advanced wireless
technologies
R16+ will bring continued eMBB evolution, plus new features for massive IoT and mission-critical; 2 3GPP R15 focused on spectrum bands up to ~40 GHz; R16+ will bring support for bands up to ~100 GHz
18
Designing
5G NR
Leading the technology innovations for
a unified, more capable 5G air interface
Frequency
MIMO
Spectral
efficiency
Low
complexity
Frequency
localization
Lower power
consumption
Asynchronous
multiplexing
Efficient framework
for MIMO spatial
multiplexing
Weighted Overlap Add; 2 Such as Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) more details later in presentation
20
Wideband
(e.g. eMBB)
Large CP
Narrowband
(e.g. IoT) (e.g. broadcast)
-10
-20
-30
Frequency
dB
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
CP-OFDM: No Clipping
+WOLA: Ideal PA
-90
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
21
5G NR Uplink
Macro cell
Small cell
1
SC-OFDM + SC-FDMA
CP-OFDM + OFDMA
Massive
IoT
Missioncritical
Frequency
Massive IoT
Low energy single-carrier
CP-OFDM + OFDMA
1
Mission-critical
1
CP-OFDM / SC-OFDM
Time
Resource Spread
3
Multiple Access (RSMA)
Grant-free transmissions efficient for sporadic
transfer of small data bursts with asynchronous,
non-orthogonal, contention-based access
22
Integrated framework
Mission-critical transmissions
Blank subcarriers
D2D
Scalable TT I
MBB
Multicast
DL
DL
UL
UL
UL
Dynamic uplink/downlink
Faster switching for more flexible
capacity based on traffic conditions
Blank resources may still be utilized, but are designed in a way to not limit future feature introductions; 2 Nominal 5G access to be designed such that it is capable to sustain puncturing from mission-critical transmission or
bursty interference
1
23
Subcarrier spacing
e.g. 15 kHz
e.g. 1, 5, 10 and 20 MHz
Outdoor and
small cell
TDD > 3 GHz
Subcarrier spacing
e.g. 30 kHz
e.g. 80/100 MHz
Indoor
wideband
TDD e.g. 5 GHz (Unlicensed)
Subcarrier spacing
e.g. 60 kHz
e.g. 160MHz
Subcarrier spacing, e.g. 120 kHz
mmWave
TDD e.g. 28 GHz
e.g. 500MHz
24
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11
12
13
11
12
13
Further bundling of TTIs possible; 2 Symbols across numerologies align at symbol boundaries; 3 TTI spans integer number of symbols; 4 Subcarrier spacing
25
Adaptive UL/DL
Addl
headers
Ctrl
(Tx)
Data
(Tx)
Example: TDD downlink
Guard
Period
ACK
(Rx)
Massive MIMO
Leveraging channel
reciprocity in UL transmission
for DL beamforming training
26
UL CTRL
TDD
DL
DL CTRL
Eliminates control channel interference to allow for robust, dynamic DL/UL switching
DL DATA1
UL
DATA1
(User 1)
UL DATA (User 2)
UL DATA (User 3)
UL
Common
UL burst
UL CTRL
TDD
UL
DL CTRL
No DL UL
interference between
control channels
DL
27
Mission-Critical Control
Efficient signaling
Optimized PHY/pilot/HARQ
Enhanced Mobile
Broadband
Wider bandwidths
Mobilizing mmWave
Massive MIMO
Shared spectrum
Device-centric mobility
Enhancing mobile
broadband
Extreme throughput
Ultra-low latency
Uniform experience
29
1 Gbps
>
500x
Qualcomm
Snapdragon X16 LTE
Modem
10x
Peak download
speeds of first-gen
LTE devices
Peak download
speeds of early 3G
devices
600 Mbps
450 Mbps
300 Mbps
100 Mbps
21.1 Mbps
7.2 Mbps 7.2 Mbps 10.2 Mbps
1.8 Mbps
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
150 Mbps
100 Mbps
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
30
Better coverage
Significantly lower latencies
31
TDD
TTI
ACK
ACK0
ACK1
ACK0
Ctrl
(Tx)
Ex: TDD
downlink
HARQ RTT
Improved performance by
addressing TCP/UDP
throughput limitations
Data
(Tx)
ACK
(Rx)
Guard
Period
Data
Scalable TTI
High Efficiency
Low Complexity
Low Latency
Efficient encoding/decoding
enables shorter TTI
2
Also exploring alternative channel coding for mission-critical and massive IoT traffic
1
33
Azimuth beamforming
LTE Today
Exploit 3D beamforming
utilizing a 2D antenna array
Macro site
0.9
0.8
0.7
CDF
0.6
3.4x
0.5
0.4
4.1x
0.3
0.2
2.7x
0.1
10-1
100
3.9x
101
Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. simulations; Macro-cell with 1.7km inter-site distance, 10 users per cell, 46 dBm Tx power at base station, 20MHz@2GHz and 80MHz@4GHz BW TDD, 2.4x Massive MIMO
103
35
Spectrum
Unlocking
more spectrum
Licensed
Shared/
Unlicensed
Time
1) FCC ruling FCC 16-89 on 7/14/2016 allocated 3.25 MHz of licensed spectrum and 7.6 MHz of shared/unlicensed spectrum.
36
Shared
spectrum
technologies
Spectrum aggregation
LTE-U / LAA
NR based LAA
Technology aggregation
Multi-connectivity: NR,LTE,Wi-Fi
CBRS, LSA
Standalone unlicensed
MulteFire
NR based MulteFire
1) Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Wi-Fi Link Aggregation (LWA), Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), Licensed Shared Access (LSA)
37
Incumbents
PAL
GAA
LSA1
LTE-U
LAA2
Technically
extensive pilot in
France with Ericsson
and Red in Jan 2016
We designed the
original proposal,
commercialized by
the LTE-U forum
Performed worlds
first over-the-air LAA
trial with Deutsche
Telekom Nov 2015
CBRS3
A founder of the
MulteFire Alliance
and a key contributor
to its specification
1) Licensed Shared Access (LSA); 2) Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA); 3) Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), Priority Access Licenses (PAL), General Authorized Access (GAA)
A founder of the
CBRS Alliance and a
key contributor to
coexistence
38
mmWave
sub6Ghz
NR
Smart beamforming
and beam tracking
Tight interworking
with sub 6 GHz
Optimized mmWave
design for mobile
Increase coverage
and minimize interference
Increase robustness,
faster system acquisition
39
Handover
Outdoor
40
UE sends
periodic
reference
signals
Serving
cluster
Network triggers cell
reselection/handover
based on measurement
of UE signals
(area of tightly
coordinated cells)
Lightweight mobility
for device energy savings
Apply COMP-like1
concepts to the
control plane
Periodic Transmit
sync
SIB
Intra-zone mobility
transparent to the
device
No SIB
transmission
1 Coordinated MultiPoint is an LTE Advanced feature to send and receive data to and from a UE from several access nodes to ensure the optimum performance is achieved even at cell edges;
2 Minimum system information is broadcast periodically, other system information available on demand; may dynamically revert to broadcast system info when needed, e.g. system info changes
No SIB request
41
Connecting massive
Internet of Things
Power efficient
Low complexity
Long range
42
Connected building
Mobile health
Connected industrial
>5B
Wearables, gateways,
remote patient,
Smart utilities
Process/equipment monitoring,
HVAC,
Connected retail
IoT connections
by 20251
Environmental monitoring
Asset tracking
Ubiquitous
coverage
1
Always-on
connectivity
Including Cellular & LPWA M2M connections, Machina Research, June, 2016
Reliable
and secure
Global
ecosystem
43
Today
Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT)
>10 Mbps
n x 20 MHz
10s of kbps
200 kHz narrowband
Mobile
Connected car
Video security
Wearables
Energy management
Object tracking
Connected healthcare
Utility metering
City infrastructure
Environment monitoring
Smart buildings
44
45
Grant-free transmission
of small data exchanges
Eliminates signaling overhead
for assigning dedicated
resources
Allows devices to transmit
data asynchronously
Downlink remains
OFDM-based for
coexistence with other
services
Increased
battery life
Scalability to
massive # of things
Better link
budget
46
1 Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals . Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency
47
Enabling mission-critical
services
High reliability
Ultra-low latency
High availability
48
49
0km/h
140km/h
Safer driving
experience
Support for
high speeds
Increased situational
awareness
Based on link level curves and the 3GPP LOS path loss model @ 10% Packet Error Actual performance varies significantly with vehicle density and environment
50
Early findings
Drones at altitude are served by multiple
base stations
Drones demonstrated seamless handovers
with zero link failures
Autonomous
vehicles
Robotics
Energy/
Smart grid
Ultra-high reliability
Ultra-high availability
Aviation
Industrial
automation
Medical
52
1st
2st
transmission transmission
Nominal traffic
Frequency
Time
Mission-critical transmission
may occur at any time and cannot
wait for scheduling
Mission-critical
capacity
Mission-critical
capacity
Mission-critical
capacity
Example:2X bandwidth
for 3x capacity gain2
Latency
Latency
Latency
1 Low BLER Block Error Rate, required to achieve high-reliability with a hard delay bound 2 All data based on Qualcomm simulations with approximate graphs and linear scales. 3x gain when increasing from
10Mhz to 20Mhz for 1e-4 BLER.
54
3G
4G
Diverse services
and devices
FDD, TDD,
half duplex
Device-to-device, mesh,
relay network topologies
Diverse
deployments
56
Mobile broadband
Internet of Things
Mission-critical
control
Better cost/energy
efficiency
Optimized
performance
Dynamic creation
of services
57
5G
NR
Enabling new
spectrum paradigms
Mobilizing mmWave
spectrum bands
Bringing new
ways to connect
LTE Direct and LTE Broadcast (including digital TV), and new
standard for Cellular V2X (C-V2X) communications
5G
NR
59
Wi-Fi, 3G, 2G
technologies
~200
2,000+
Carrier Aggregation
combinations
60
Device-to-device,
mesh, relay
Wideband to
narrowband
Mission-critical
and nominal traffic
Wide area to
hotspots
High to no
mobility
OFDM adapted
to extremes
From below
1 GHz to mmWave
Many more
spectrum
bands / types
A much
wider variation
of use cases
Licensed, shared
and unlicensed
Massive MIMO
FDD, TDD,
half duplex
Advanced wireless
technologies
Robust mmWave
Roadmap to 5G
61
62
Wireless/OFDM
technology and chipset
leadership
End-to-end system
approach with advanced
prototypes
Leading global
network experience
and scale
63
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