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Boredpilesproductionmethod
1. 1.BoredPilesProductionMethodBilfingerBergerSpezialtiefbauGmbHGoldsteinstrasse114D60528
FrankfurtPhone:+49696688345Fax:+49696688277Email:
spezialtiefbau@civil.bilfinger.comwww.foundationengineering.bilfingerberger.com
2. 2.LargeDiameterBoredPilesPontdeNormandieLargeboredpilesareusedasfoundationelementsto
carryconcentratedbuildingloadsintodeeper,morestablesoillayers.Furthermore,theycanbeutilizedas
pilesforretainingwallsifthereMaumeeRiverCrossingisnotenoughspaceforflatfoundation.Inthe
sameway,retainingwallsforexcavationpitsareconstructedbyusingmultipleboredpilesasboredpile
wall,whichlatercanbeincorporatedintothefinalbuilding.Boredpilescanbeeasilyadaptedtothe
variousloadandsoilrequirementsduetothelargevarietyindiameterandconstructiontechniques.Single
pilediametercanvarybetween30and300cm.Pilescanbeconstructedinallkindsofsoilcondition.In
contrasttodrivenpiles,boredpilesenabletheimmediateInsituevaluationofdrilledsoillayerstorevise
foundationlengthduetochangedsoilconditions.
3. 3.Thespecificpileconstructionmethoddependsonthesoilcondition,BridgeL71acrosstheHeilsauthe
groundwaterelevations,siteconditionsandthelengthofthepile.Constructionmethodscanbe
distinguishedbetweenPontdeNormandieTheboreholestabilizationprocessduringexcavationFully
cased,partialcased,uncasedandfluidstabilizedexcavationcanbedistinguishedLillaBommenTunnel
ThemethodofinstallingthecasingHereonecandistinguishbetweendrivingthecasingwithafreefall
hammerorweight,vibratingthecasing,pneumaticinstallationorhydraulicinstallationwiththehelpofa
rotarydrive,anoscillatororrotator.ThemethodofexcavationHereonecandistinguishbetweengrab
excavation,rotarydrilling,airlifting,andflushboring.
4. 4.BoreHoleStabilizationHighSpeedRailNrnbergIngolstadt,TunnelOffenbauUncasedboreholes
canonlybeexcavatedinstablesoillayers.Ingeneralashortstartercasingisbeenusedatthepiletop.If
uncasedexcavationsrunthroughunstablesoillayers,theboreCenterforInnovativeMedicine,holewall
hastobestabilizedbyfluidoverpressure.WaterorHamburgbentoniteaswellaspolymersuspensionis
usedasstabilizingfluid.PartiallycasedboreholesarecasedinareaswithunstablesoilsGallileoTower,
Frankfurtanddeeperandstablesoillayersarestabilizedbywater,bentoniteorpolymers,whilerocklayers
donotrequireanysupport.Thecasingoftheboreholehastostabilizethesoilandminimizetherelaxation
ofthesurroundingground.Itisalwaysrequiredwheneverunstablesoillayerscannotbestabilizedwith
fluidsandthereisariskofsoilcaving.CFApiles(ContinuousFlightAuger)aredrilleduncasedbythe
useofacontinuoushollowaugerstem.Stabilizationoftheboreholewallduringexcavationisprovidedby
thesoilfilledauger.Duringpullingoftheaugerstem,concreteispumpedthroughthestem,preventing
anysoilinstabilityoftheboreholewall.
5. 5.MethodsofcasinginstallationDrivingbyvibratoryhammerDuringcasinginstallation,tipresistance
andskinfrictionofthecasinghastobeovercome.InstallationbyfreefallweightDrivingbyfreefall
weightCasingsinsinglelengthupto6mareinstalledusingafeefallweight.Suitablesoilconditionsare
requiredforsuchdrivingpractice.Duringthisinstallationmethod,casingswithextracollarsFreewall
weightwillbedriven,excavatedandsocalledJumbopilesareconstructed.Installationbyvibratory
hammerCasingsareinstalledintothegroundusingexternallyinducedvibration.Frictionbetweencasing
andsurroundingsoilisreducedbyvibrationgeneratedfromanattachedvibrohammer.The
casingpenetratesthegroundduetothisvibration,theweightofthehammeranditsownweight.This
installationmethodhasalimiteduseduetothesoildensificationinsidethecasingandpossiblevibration
damageonadjacentbuildingsorstructures.
6. 6.PneumaticinstallationbytheHWmethodHWprincipleTheHWmethod,namedafter
Hochstrasser/Weise,usesapneumaticallydrivenswingingarm,sittingontopofthecasing,todrivethe
casinginahorizontalbackandforthmovement.EndHWswingingarmstopstransfertherotationimpulse
oftheswingingarmintothecasing,whichrotatesslightlyateachstroke.Thisconsiderablyreducesthe
skinfrictionbetweensoilandcasing.Thecasingisexcavationbythewireropeguidedgrabatthesame
time.DikerehabilitationEmmerichThecasingisdrivenintothegroundasaresultofthereduced
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skinfrictionandundertheweightofthecasingandswingingarm.Amajoradvantageofthismethodis
thattheexcavatingcranedoesnothavetobeplacedrightnexttothecasingtosupportthereactionforces
fromtheswingingmovementsoftheequipment.TheHWunitcanthereforebeutilizedasaseparateunit
fromtheexcavatingcrane,whichisanadvantagewhenpilesneedtobeinstalledinsteepslopesorover
water.
7. 7.HydrauliccasinginstallationRotarydrillingrig,GaleriaKaufhof,Alexanderplatz,BerlinThehydraulic
installationmethodusesanoscillatingmotion(Oscillator)oracontinuouslyrotatingmotion(RotaryDrive
orRotator)ofthecasingtoreducetheskinfrictionbetweencasingandsoil.Rotator(RDM)Allofthese
machinesalsoinduceaverticaldownwardforceintothecasing,whichincombinationwiththecasings
ownweightenablespenetrationofthecasing.Oscillator(VRM)Thecasingnormallyconsistsofseparate
sections,whichareconnectedandboltedduringinstallation.Duringthecasinginstallation,theexcavating
equipmentisalwaysplacedrightnexttothecasingandreceivesthereactionforcesfromtherotarymotion.
8. 8.TheMethodofExcavationHWGrab,longversionwithparallelshellsGrabExcavationExcavation
usingafreefallorsphericalgrabismostlyusedwhenboreholesareverydeepandothermethodscometo
theirlimitsorBallgrabwithsphericalshellsincombinationwiththeHWmethod.Theboreholeis
advancedusinggrabsconsistingofabasebody,thegrabshellsandtheclosingmechanismfortheshells.
OneFlatchiseldistinguishesbetweensingleropeanddoubleropeoperatedgrabs.Thesingleropegrab
alsousestheliftingropeasaclosingropeforthegrabshells.Thedoubleropegrabisusedwithtwo
ropes,oneforgrabliftingandoneforclosingtheshells.RingchiselPerformanceofthegrabmainly
dependsonthecorrectshellshape,whichischosenaccordingtosoilparameters.Forexcavationsbelow
thegroundwaterlevel,inthewetdrillingtoolssuchasgravelpumpsormudcansareavailablefor
thevariousdrillingdiameters.Freefallchiselsareusedtodrillthroughlargeobstructionssuchasbricks,
bouldersorrocklayersaswellasforthepilepenetrationintobedrock.Varioussizesandshapessuchas
cross,flat,stellar,ringshapesareavailable.Thesechiselsareequippedwithdifferentbladesdependingon
thevarioussoilproperties.
9. 9.RotarydrillingmethodsSketchdrillingrigDuringtherotarydrillingmethod,theexcavationis
advancedusingdrillingaugersandbuckets.Thedrillingrigconsistsofabasecarrierandthedrillingunit
Drillingrigwithbucketmountedontopofthecarrier.Onedistinguishesbetweenshortaugersand
continuousflightaugers.Whendrillingwithshortaugersorbuckets,thetorqueandDrillingrigwith
continuousaugerdownwardcrowdistransferredtothedrillingtoolsviaatelescopicdrillingrod(Kelly
bar).Drillinganddischargingoftheexcavatedmaterialarealternatingoperations,whichareperformedin
aswiftorder.Dependingonsoilconditionsandpilediameter,variousaugersareused.Forexcavations
belowthegroundwaterlevel,drillingordiggingbucketsareused.Obstructionsorrocklayerscanbe
removedwiththehelpofcorebarrels.Toincreasethepilebasearea,bellingbucketsorunderreamerscan
beemployed.Whendrillingwithcontinuousflightaugers,theaugerisconnecteddirectlywiththerotary
drivewithoutanintermediatedrillingrodandisrotatedintothegroundforitsfulllength.Afterreaching
finaldrillingdepth,thefilledaugerispulledoutoftheborehole.Thereforetheemptyboreholehastobe
stableenoughorconcreteneedstobepumpedthroughthehollowaugerstemimmediately.Pilelengthis
limitedbythelengthoftheaugerandthesizeofthedrillingrig.
10. 10.Flushdrilling/wetdrillingmethodsSketchairliftingdrillingmethodforboredpileconstructionIn
contrasttothedrydrillingmethod,wherethesoilisloosenedandexcavatedbythedrillingtools,thewet
drillingmethodonlyusesdrillingtoolstoloosenthematerialandrequiresaflushingstreamfor
transportation.Cuttingtoolsliketriconebits,rollerbitsorAirliftingdrillingmethodunderreamersare
used.Whenusingthedirectflushingmethod,bentoniteorpolymersuspensionispumpeddowntothepiles
tipthroughthehollowdrillingrod.Thesuspensionisthenraiseduptothepilestopintheannulusbetween
drillingrodandboreholewall.Thismethodismostsuitableforsmallerboreholediameters.Whenusing
thereversedcirculationmethod,theflushingsuspensionispoureddirectlyintotheborehole.Usinga
vacuumpump,thesoil/suspensionmixtureisthensuckedthroughthedrillingrodstothepilestop.Pile
lengthupto50mcanbedrilledefficiently.Theairliftingmethodalsopoursflushingsuspensiondirectly
intotheborehole.Byinducingcompressedairintothelowerendofthedrillingrodbelowthewaterlevel,
theexpandingaircreatesanupwardflow,whichthereforetransportsthesoil/suspensionmixturetothetop
ofthepile.Combinationsofairliftingandreversedcirculationdrillingcandrillboreholesupto150m
depthefficiently,dependingonsoilconditions.
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