ENG 370

Silent Spring
-Human Rel. -> Environment
-Overproduction
-Cyclical nature
-impact on Humans and nature
Heroes and Saints

Illness incarnate (Cerezita)

Themes of motherhood
Sexuality in relation to illness
o Ill people not regarded as sexual beings
o Do sexual urges originate in the body or mind?
Portrayal of People as opposed to Silent Spring
o People who actually apply the pesticides are also unwilling victims
o Brings a human element to the scientific writing of Silent Spring
o Contrast with people as a whole are killing nature mentality

Metabolic Living

Thin-fat Indian
Concept of plasticity
o Epigenetics
o Narrative of food poverty with recent change could be the culprit
o Is this narrative right? Or just result of colonialism
25/23 BMI
o Lowered obesity standard because of heightened health risks at a
lower threshold
o Is BMI even relevant?
o Belly fat
o Fat vs unhealthy
Bad Copy of the Western World
Diabetes Pressure
o Predispositon of Indians for diabetes as a result of upbringing and
genetics
o Normalcy of diabetes and tenshun
o Mangos
Tenshun
o Stress in the developing world
o Young people also feeling stressed
o Tenshun as a result of desk work
Perception of what healthy eating is
o The newspaper added half a cup of sugar to the doctors mango nectar
recipe

Globesity
Obesity vs adiposity
Cultural concept of health

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 1 Southern Discomfort: Medical Exploitation on the Plantation

Intro about how Southern people would never beat slaves cruelly
In the 17th century, American Medicine was very bad
More violent drugs like mercury were used on black people
Due to worse living conditions, slaves had poorer health
Iatrophobia, fear of doctors
Concept that slaves needed to have baseline health only to work
Racism (race inferiority) vs Racialism (races are just different)
Low vs High portrayal of (owned vs escaped) slaves
Slaves hiding vs faking illness
African American vs Traditional White medicine
o Use of herbs
o Consensual experimentation
Lack of training of white doctors

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 2 Profitable Wonders: Antebellum Medical Experimentation with Slaves and
Freedmen

Portrayal of experimentation in literature as being done on white people

Consensual experimentation
o Slaves have no legal gravity
James Marion Sims
o Trying to cure vesicovaginal fistula
o Opium after procedures
Blacks found smallpox vaccination
o Pushback from white doctors

Patient by Bettina Judd

Researchers find the Anarcha, Betsey, Lucy

o Scenes of birth combined with descriptions of Sims three slave victims
o Shows the agony to get to the modern medical birth treatment
Researcher presents Joice Heth
o Might be split in two to show different perceptions
After memory
o We are disregarding the history of suffering when we deny racism
Suicide of 100,000 its

o Babies died because of mothers agony

We too sick to die, we too well to be living

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 3 Circus Africanus: The Popular Display of Black Bodies

Darwinism
o Racism harnessing Darwinism
Verner and Ota Benga
o Details left out from Ota Benga Story that can be found on Wikipedia
Henry Moss
o Self advertisement
o Caldwells forced experimentation
Saartjie Baartman
o Intelligence portrayal incongruity
She could speak English, French, and Dutch
o Sexuality in racism
Rewriting the history of black people in shows
o Joice Heth
o No voice given
Concept of White albino black people
o How to distinguish white people

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 5 The Restless Dead: Anatomical Dissection and Display

Universities taking black bodies for medical education without permission

o Casper Yeagin
o Robbing Graves
o Friendless paupers law
Black bodies treated as a learning material, less real and serious than white
bodies
o Treated as a commodity to be bought
Ressurectionists
o Universities distanced themselves from ressurectionists to avoid guilt
Dead body as a sacred alien entity vs. an object
o Black horror of postmortem mutilation
Laws for obtaining bodies for education disproportionally targets black people
Black bodies for display
o Skeleton of Bessie Wilborn
Slavery even in death
o Use of bodies

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest pg. 1-113

Chief Broom Bromden

o Depiction of Big Nurse (Miss Ratched) and 3 black helpers
o Father was chief
Shaving SceneZAzZ
o Fear of Machines
Bromdens point of view vs. real life
o Flashback to hunting scene
Click of the door
o Identify whos coming in
Vaseline and thermometer chasing around the Admission
McMurphy
o Bold
o Sociable
o Gambler
o Scar from eye to nose
Acutes vs. Chronics
o Acutes turned into chronic
Shock therapy
Shock Shop
o McMurphy ignores this boundary
Bromden meeting McMurphy
o Acting deaf
o Bromden is a big guy
McMurphy isnt intimidated by authority
McMurphy as a manipulator
Comparing Big Nurse to an efficient machine
o Little web with a center like a pocket watch
o Assembling the perfect staff
The black boys hate enough to be capable
Bad treatment of patients
o Condom catheters
o Feeding the vegetables aggressively
Flashback to cotton mill trip with football team and black girl with fog on her
face
o Machinery imagery in story
The Log book
o Democratic ward
o Society decides whos sane and who isnt
Pete Bancini scene
Harding and McMurphys conversation
o Pecking Party at meeting
Rabbits
Born as rabbits
Sexlessness of the patients
o Sexualizing of Ms. Ratched

The bet
Cant act out
All of the patients view Ms. Ratched kindly outwardly
o But all harbor resentment inwardly
Big Nurse messing with the passage of time from the clock
o Fog in the room
o Speakers playing the same music repeatedly
McMurphy playing blackjack
o Winning everything, and then giving it all back
o Going until everyone just about to quit, then coaxing them back
Birthmark nurse and McMurphy scene
McMurphy figures out Bromden isnt deaf by telling him the black boy is
coming during bedtime
o Ties him to bed
Machine nightmare scene
o Floor drops, people working on machines
o Workman hangs Blastic on a hook cuts him open and ash falls out
o Public Relations in nightmarish scene
McMurphy singing in the morning
o Toothpaste scene
o Talks to Big Nurse, claims his clothes got stolen
Whale Shorts
o Immediate change of Big Nurse from anger to pleasantries
o Bromden notes that until McMurphy came, there were only clinical,
machine smells, but now there are smells of open fields and sweat
McMurphy talks about how good the patients have it in the ward
o Building rapport with the doctor
Carnival
Tub room
Monopoly Scene
World Series Game
o McMurphy loses his cool at the acutes for not standing up with him
o McMurphy wins all of the gambling games
o McMurphy cant lift the panel
But I tried though, he says. Goddammit, I sure as hell did that
much, now, didnt I?

Metaphor and Mind Style in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest

Roger Fowler coined term mind style

o Phenomenon in which the language of a text projects a characteristic
world view, a particular way of perceiving and making sense of the
world
o Concerned with the construction and expression in language of the
conceptualization of reality in a particular mind

Involves the identification of linguistic patterns that account for the

perception of a distinct world view
Metaphors as implications of world view (cognitive approach)
Bromden described as paranoid schizophrenic
o Presents his qualities from his altered state of mind as facts
o Mechanistic point of view
o Similes to machine equipment
eyes like radio tubes
Whispered talk is the hum of black machinery
McMurphy is the only one who Bromden doesnt describe with
machinery
o Contrastingly, McMurphy uses organic similes
Flock of dirty chickens
Bull goose loony
Rabbits
o Underlexicalized in the inner workings of people, and overlexicalized in
machine semantics, so one fills in the other
Metaphoric backbones
o The ward is the combines machine room
o The Staff are robots
Tuned in to the same signal as the Big Nurse
o Big Nurse is the machine
o Patients are broken machines
o Fog machine
Powerful is big
o Big nurse grows as she gets more authoritative
Every breath she draws she gets bigger
o I used to be big, but not no more
o McMurphy is portrayed as big, because he is very confident
Consistent metaphoric themes can translate into a mind style
o Keseys greatest achievement in the novel is his ability to create
images that can be understood as literal for the narrator and as
figurative for the reader.
o Even the most distorted perceptions can function as literal
o

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 6, Diagnosis Freedom

Blacks couldnt handle the mental strains of freedom and weregoing insane
o Data was fabricated
o People didnt believe this was true eben after it was proven
Disease was rampant
o Sharecropping was basically slavery without having to care for slaves
o Diseases were actually shown to be malnutrition
o Sickle cell anemia

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 7, A Notoriously Syphilis-Soaked Race

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

o Started as quest for cure
o Prove venereal nature
o Prove that blacks suffer cardiovascular symptoms while whites suffer
neurological symptoms
o Outsourced to Public Health Service
Became racial dimorphism study
o Deceived people who thought they were getting treatment
o Withheld penicillin
o Panel given unfair circumstances to review the experiment
Broadus Butler
Eunice Rivers

Medical Apartheid
Ch 9. Nuclear Winter

Blacks disproportionally used for radiation experimentation

People in injured condition taken
o Ebb Cabe
o Elmer Allen
Experimental consent called into question
o Therapeutic experimentation
o X-Ray
Used to lure blacks to the fantasy of white washing hair and skin
Nazi Scientists brought in
Didnt tell test subjects about the radiation experiments

Medical Apartheid
Ch. 10 Caged Subjects

Experimentation on prisoners
Blacks had harsher experiments done on them
Discolored charred skin on backs of test subjects
Prisoners motivated by money, better conditions, medical care
o Often coerced
o Marked down on legal records if refusing experiments
Army LSD drug tests
Prisoners were praised for their selfless sacrificed
Public perception changed, turned on scientists and drove them out
o Many lawsuits

More stringent rules, there needs to be direct consent and study must be
therapeutic
Research renaissance
o High concentration of HIV and Hepatitis C in prisons, which scientists
want to experiment on again

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest p. 114-end

Doctor with gray cobwebs

Escaping into mountain scene
More fog coming in
o Talks about fog machines in the war
o Only way to stay safe in fog is to stay still
Or else you go to the shock shop
o People drifting by in the fog
Bromdens dad turning cowardly and selling land
Bromden votes with McMurphy on TV
o Realizes its of his own volition
McMurphy getting bold
o Nurse knows that she controls when he leaves
o No more fog
Staff meeting
o Nurse says not to put McMurphy in disturbed
o Bromden talks about cleaning up mess
Toilet cleaning scene
Incongruity of McMurphys appearance and character
o He paints and writes letters and looks worried
Bromden watches the dog by his window
o The birthmark nurse and the aide catch him
Cheswick gets committed to disturbed for a few days
o Cheswick drowns in the pool
Mr. Sefelt goes into epileptic shock, and the black boys treat him roughly
Bromden says order is being restored after McMurphy starts backing off
Hardings wife comes to visit, he treats her very badly
Bromden afraid of the tall shelves
McMurphy wants all the acutes to stop bothering him, he says hes tired of
pitying Harding and the rest of them
McMurphy says he has disturbing dreams about faces
Martini hallucinates while pretending to fly a plane
o McMurphy says he cant see the hallucinations but hes trembling
McMurphy realizes that most of the acutes are voluntary patients because
they cant take the outside world
Big Nurse is just a high-ranking official in the Combine
Ringing in Bromdens ears
McMurphy keeps smashing the glass window when he gets turned down

Basketball rec team

McMurphy influenced all the other patients to stand up for themselves, Billy
flirts with student nurses
McMurphy proposes fishing trip
Story about men who came to visit Bromdens village and pretended he
couldnt speak English
Bromden stopped talking because no one would listen
o Dont talk with the chief, talk with his wife
o Chief took his wifes name
Bromden likes gum
Bromden talks to McMurphy about how he used to be big, and if youre big
the combine attacks you till youre small
o McMurphy says he can make Bromden big again
o Bromdens father became an alcoholic
Even when Bromdens name is on the roster, the black boys still think he
doesnt understand what hes signed up for
All the patients dont know what to do around Candy
McMurphy uses mental disability as an advantage with the gas station people
McMurphy steals the boat
Chief catches a fish, McMurphy refuses to help them
All the patients laugh, to keep the pain away
McMurphy looks very tired on return
Bromden is getting more optimistic
McMurphy looks frantic when telling his story
Big Nurse tries to turn the patients against McMurphy by showing them that
hes been doing everything for money
o Patients say he should be respected for his capitalistic prowess
McMurphy schedules a date for Billy with Candy
McMurphy shows Bromden that he can lift the panel, then gets the other guys
to bet on it
o Afterwards, he tells McMuprhy about their frustration with him
winning
Disinfectant shower scene
McMurphy and Bromden fight the black boys
o They go to disturbed
o Ping pong clock
o Nurse talks about how army nurses are crazy
They get shock therapy
McMurphy keeps joking with the technicians
Bromden talks about how his mom didnt like Indian culture
o Gambling
o Geese flew over the cuckoos nest
Bromden recovers very quickly
McMurphy gets repeated EST
o He gets brought back down from disturbed and jokes more
Billy is 31 but still is afraid of his mother

Candy and Sandy sneak in with Turkles help

Turkle and McMurphy smoke pot, but the other patients dont know what it is
Harding comes to Turkles rescue
Cough Syrup
Plan for McMurphy to escape and get blamed for the mess
Aides catch them after they all pass out
Billy doesnt stutter when first talking to the nurse
o After she mentions his mother, he starts to stutter again
o Billy kills himself
McMurphy assaults Ratched
McMurphy gets a lobotomy
They all talk about how it looks like an exact copy of McMuprhy but it cant be
him
Bromden suffocates him because he said McMurphy wouldnt want to be
made an example by the nurse
Bromden leaves

Illness as a Metaphor

TB was regarded as a taboo disease

o Disease of contrasts
o Almost mystical in nature
o Foreign invasion
o Possible palpable cures
o Relatively painless
o Characterized as romantic
Cancer inherited that status
o Cant be detected easily
o Eaten from the inside
o Cures are painful
o Cancer is painful
o Attacks shameful parts of the body
Both diseases of passion
TB is also disease of repression

American Indian Health Disparities

Are AIs more vulnerable to diseases? Or does disparity cause it?

Colonists questioned whether it was a deed by god
Environment bears both health and disease
Religious vs environmental cause for disease
English used disparities in health status to justify righteousness of mission in
America
Tribes thought that English controlled disease

o Asked English to unleash disease on their enemies

o Christianity would take away diseases
TB was biggest problem over time
People blamed the bad living conditions of the Sioux, but were also quick to
blame religious dances, pipe smoking, and other specific behaviors.
Racial hierarchy was entrenched
Indians could only survive by mixing with other races
Indian skepticism of medical TB explanations
Causes of disease can fall on sick, healthy, or outside force