PHYSICS

Class

II IIT-JEE Achiever 2016-17

Intensive Revision Program
Solution to Worksheet 14

Topics

Simple Harmonic Motion

Date:

20-12-2016

Subjective Questions
1. A particle moves under the force F = (x2 6x) N, where x is in metres. For small displacements from the
origin what is the force constant in the simple harmonic motion approximation?
Solution
F = x2 6x
For small displacement from the origin, the force is
F = F(x + x) F(x) = (x + x)2 6(x + x) x2 + 6x = 2x x 6x
= (6 2x) x = 6x
For x = 0 = kx k = 6 N/m
A
2. At x = , what fraction of the mechanical energy is potential energy? What fraction is kinetic? Assume
2
potential energy to be zero at mean position.
Solution
A2
3
=
A
4
2
1
1 3
3 1
3
K.E. = mv2 = .m. A 2 2 = . mA 2 2 = (translational energy)
2
2 4
4 2
4
P.E. = Translational energy K.E.
3
1
= Translational energy (T.E.) = (Translational energy)
4
4
3. A body executing SHM covers a, b in successive seconds starting from one end. Find its amplitude.
Solution
Since the body starts from one end, x = a cos t
Since t = 1 and displacement OP = A a
Hence, x = A a = A cos
(1)
Where A is amplitude of the SHM
Similarly, A (a + b) = A cos 2
From equation (1), A(1 cos ) = a
a+b
a + b 2a b a
1 cos 2 2(1 cos 2 ) a + b
1 =
=
=
=
= 2(1 + cos ) cos =
1 cos
1 cos
a
2a
2a
2a
2
2
a
a
2a
2a
A =
=
=
=

b
a
1 cos 1
2a b + a 3a b
2a
2a 2
Amplitude of the SHM =
3a b
v = A2 x 2 = A2

2IIT1617PPWS14S

4. A particle executing SHM moves from one end to the other. Its distances from the mid-point of its path,
2
at successive seconds, are observed to be x1, x2, x3. Prove that its time period is
x + x3
cos 1 1
2x 2

Solution
As x = a sin t
x1 = a sin ; x2 = a sin 2, x3 = a sin 3
x + x 3 a[sin + sin 3] 2sin 2.cos
1
=
=
= cos
2x 2
2a sin 2
2sin 2
x + x3
2
2
= cos 1 1
T=
=
2x 2
cos 1 x1 + x 3
2x 2
5. A body of mass 200 g is in equilibrium at x = 0 under the influence of a force F = (100 x + 10x2)N.
(a) If the body is displaced a small distance from equilibrium, what is the period of its oscillations?
(b) If the amplitude is 4.0 cm, by how much do we error in assuming that F = kx at the end points of
the
motion.
Solution
m
0.2 2
= 2
=
0.2 = 0.28 s
(a) T = 2
k
100 10
2

(b) (Factual ) max . = 100

4
16
4
+ 10
= 4 +
100
1000
100

(Factual)max. = 4
4 +
% Error =

16
+4
4
1000
100% = % = 0.4%
4
10

6. A point moves along the x-axis according to the equation x = a sin 2 t . Find the amplitude,
4

period, velocity and projection vx as a function of x.

Solution
2

x = a sin 2 t = a sin t cos cos t sin

4
4
4

1
= a (sin t cos t) 2 , since sin = cos =
2
4
4
2
a
x = (1 sin 2t)
(1)
2

Maximum displacement occurs when sin 2t = 0

Period is given by T =

amplitude =

a
2

or T =
2

dx a
2x
= (+2 cos 2t) = + a cos 2t = a 1 sin 2 2t = + a 1 1

dt 2
a

2x
= sin 2t
Because from (1), 1
a

2IIT1617PPWS14S

 vx =

dx
2x 2x

xx
= a 2
= 2a 1 = 2 (a x)x
dt
a a

aa

7. A particle of mass m is located in a unidimensional potential field where the potential energy of the
particle depends on the coordinates as U(x) = U0(1 cos ax), U0 are a constants. Find the period of small
oscillations that the particle performs about the equilibrium position.
Solution
U = P.E. = U0(1 cos ax)
Ths is zero if cos ax = 1
ax = 0 or x = 0
This is the mean position of the body executing SHM.
At extreme position, P.E. is maximum.
It is 2U0.
2U0 = U0(1 cos ax) = U0 (1 cos Aa)
Because at the extreme position, the displacement x = amplitude, A
2 = 1 cos aA
(Aa)2
Since A is small in SHM, cos aA = 1
2
2

A2a 2

because when is small, cos = 1
1 1
=2
2
2

Or A2a2 = 4

or Aa = 2

or

A=

2
a

1
1
4
Maximum P.E. = 2U0 = Maximum K.E. = m2 A 2 = m2 2
2
2
a
2
ua

2 2 m
or = a 0 Period of small oscillations = T =
=
2 = 0

a U0
m
m
8. The speed v of a particle moving along x-axis is given by, v2 = 8bx x2 12b2, where b is a constant.
Find amplitude of oscillations.
Solution
Amplitude of oscillations is the maximum separation of the particle from mean position to the extreme
position. Also the speed of the particle becomes zero at extreme position. Let x represents extreme
positions, then
8bx x2 12b2 = 0 or x2 8bx + 12b2 = 0
or (x 6b) (x 2b) = 0
x = 2b and 6b
It shows that particle moves along x-axis from x = 2b to 6b
If A is the amplitude of oscillations, then 2A = 6b 2b = 4b
A = 2b
9. A small mass m is fastened to a vertical wire which is under tension T as shown in the figure. What will
be the frequency of vibration of the mass m if it is displaced laterally a slight distance and then released?

2IIT1617PPWS14S

Solution
Suppose the mass m is at a distance x to the right of the equilibrium position.

If the tension is T in the wire, the mass is

towards the left.
These components are T cos , T cos .
Restoring force = (T cos + T cos )

x
x
= T
+
= T
2
2
x 2 + c2
x +b

acted upon by the horizontal components of the tension

x
x

x
x2
b
1
+
c
1
+

b2
c2

1
1

2 2
2 2

x
x
1+

x2
x2
1 2 1 2
1 + 2
b 2
c

2c
= Tx
+
Tx 2b +
b
c
c

b
x2 x2
1 1
= Tx + , neglecting
,
terms since x is small.
2b3 2c3
b c
1 1
T + x
b c
Acceleration =
m
Thus, acceleration is proportional to displacement.
So, the body executes S.H.M.
m
Period = 2
1 1
+ T
b c

Frequency =

1 T b + c

Hz
2 m bc

10. A uniform board of length L and weight W is balanced on a fixed semicircular cylinder of radius r as
shown in the figure. If the plank is tilted slightly from its equilibrium position, determine its period of
oscillation.
Solution
When tilted through a small angle , the point of contact shifts from B to B through a small distance r.
So, the torque on the rod about the point B
Mg(BB) = Mg.r sin = Mgr (as is small)
d 2 ML2 d 2
This must be equal to I 2 =
dt
12 dt 2
2IIT1617PPWS14S


ML2
M.I.
of
the
rod
about
its
centre
=

12

ML2 d 2
d 2 12gr

=
Mgr

= 2
12 dt 2
dt 2
L
T = 2

L2
1
= L
12gr
3gr

11. A uniform cylindrical pulley of mass M and radius R can freely rotate about the horizontal axis O. The
free end of a thread, lightly wound on the pulley, carries a block of weight A. At a certain angle , it
counterbalances a point mass m, fixed at the rim of the pulley. Find the frequency of small oscillations of
the arrangement.
Solution
Initially, the torque is zero because mg(PK) = A R
mg R sin = A.R
A = mg sin
Let A be pulled down so that m goes up a little and becomes ( + d)
Increase in torque = mgR sin ( + d) mgR sin
Restoring torque = [mgR (sin cos d + cos sin d) mgR sin ]
= [mgR cos d + mgR sin mgR sin ]
A
Because when d is very small sin d = d, cos d = 1
Restoring torque = mgR cos d
MR 2 AR 2

R 2
2A
I =
+
+ mR 2 =
+ 2m
M +
g
2
g

where is the angular acceleration.

R 2
mgR cos d =
{M + 2m(1 + sin )} angular acceleration
2
Angular displacement is proportional to angular acceleration.
It executes SHM
displacement
R {M + 2m(1 + sin )}
Period = T = 2
= 2
acceleration
2
mg cos
Or frequency is v =

2mg cos
MR + 2mR(1 + sin )

12. A uniform board is placed on two spinning wheels as shown in figure. The axes of the wheels are
separated by a distance l = 20 cm. The coefficient of friction between the board and the wheels is
K = 0.18. Explain that in this case the board performs harmonic oscillations. Find the period of these
oscillations.

Solution
Each roller exerts on the board forces of friction equal to f1 = KN1
and f2 = KN2, where N1, N2 are the normals of the board on the
rollers. These force f1, f2 are shown in the figure.
Suppose the centre of gravity of the board is slightly displaced. Let it be x from the middle.
2IIT1617PPWS14S

Then, the forces f1, f2 will not be equal because N1 and N2 will be different.
l+x
N1 =
W
l
where W is the weight of board and the distance between the wheel axes is l.
lx
K(l + x)
K(l x)
N2 =
W
f1 =
W and f 2 =
W
l
l
l
K
2KW
x
Resultant force = W [l + x l + x ] =
l
l
2KWx
W
, since mass of rod =
Acceleration of rod =
g
W
l
g

2Kgx
l
So, acceleration is proportional to displacement. So, it executes SHM.
l
20
1
Period T = 2
= 2
= 2
= 1.5 sec
2Kg
2 100 0.18 9.8
2 49 0.18
Acceleration =

13. A spherical ball of mass m and radius r rolls without slipping on a rough concave surface of large radius
R. It makes small oscillations about the lowest point. Find the time period.
Solution
Let any instant, the body is at angular position with respect to the vertical line drawn from the centre of
the mirror. If is the angular displacement of the ball about its centre,
r
=
then (R r) = r

Rr

Restoring torque acting on the ball, = (mg sin )r

For small , sin
r2
r
= mg r
or = mg

r
=
mg

()
R r
R r
Now comparing above equation with standard equation of SHM, = 2,
we get =
=

mg r 2

I R r

(I = (7 mr2/5) is the M.I. of the rolling ball about point of contact)

mg r 2
5 g

=
7 Rr
7 2 Rr
mr
5

and T =

2
7(R r)
=2

5g

14. A thin rod of length L and mass M is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis passing
through the point O where one end of the rod is pivoted as shown in the figure. The other end of the rod
2IIT1617PPWS14S

is connected to a vertical massless spring of force constant k. The lower end of the vertical spring is
rigidly fixed to the ground at G. When the rod is in equilibrium position it is parallel to the ground.
When the rod is slightly rotated from its equilibrium position and released.
(a) Find its time period T of small oscillations.
(b) What will be the maximum linear speed of the displaced end of the rod if the amplitude of
oscillations is taken 0?

Solution
(a) The rod is initially horizontal and in the equilibrium position. When the end P of the rod is
slightly compressed to angular displacement say , the spring compresses to y(say). The restoring
force
F = ky acts at this end P in vertically upward direction. Thus, torque acting on the rod
about O is

y
L
(1)

where tan =

= F.L = kyL

y = L
Now by definition,
d 2 1
d2
= I = 2 = ML2 . 2
dt
3
dt
2
1
d
ML2 . 2 = kL2
3
dt

= kL2

(2) (where is the angular acceleration)

(and momentum of inertia of the rod about its axis of rotation

d2
3k
+ 2 = 0 where =
2
dt
M
2
M
= 2
Period of angular oscillations of the rod T =
3k

or

d 2 3k
+ =0
dt 2 M

1
ML2 )
3

or

(b) Maximum angular speed of the rod is in its equilibrium position

max = 0 (similarly as vmax = A)
Therefore, maximum linear speed is v max = Lmax = L0 = L0

3k
M

15. A uniform rod of mass m and length l is suspended through a light wire of length l and torsional constant
k as shown in the figure. Find the time period if the system makes

2IIT1617PPWS14S

(a) small oscillations in the vertical plane about the suspension point and
(b) angular oscillations in the horizontal plane about the centre of the rod
Solution
(a) The oscillations take place about the horizontal line through the point of suspension and
perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The moment of inertia of the rod about this line is
13ml 2
ml 2
+ ml 2 =

12
12
The time period = 2

I
13ml 2
13l
= 2
= 2
mgl
12mgl
12g

(b) The angular oscillations take place about the suspension wire.
ml 2
The moment of inertia about this line is
12
The time period is 2

I
ml 2
= 2
k
12k

Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

1. Two cars A and B depart simultaneously from the same position and in same direction on a straight road.
A starts with initial velocity 2 m s1 and acceleration 2 m s2. While B starts with initial velocity 2 m s1
and acceleration 4 m s2. The driver of car A hears a sound of frequency 352 Hz emitted by car B
after 10 s after the start. Find the actual frequency of the sound as emitted by B (Take velocity of the
sound = 330 m s1)
(A) 271 Hz
(B) 371 Hz
(C) 550 Hz
(D) 713 Hz
Ans (B)
Let t be the time at which sound is produced by B, then distance travelled by B,
1
s B = 2t + 4 t 2 and speed of B, vB = 2 + 4t
2
When car A, receives sound, distance travelled by A,
1
s A = 2 10 + 2 10 2 = 120 m
2
and speed of A, vA = 2 + 2 10 = 22 m s1.
Time taken for the sound to reach the car is (10 t)
Distance travelled by the sound = v (10 t) = 330(10 t)
... (1)
2
and distance between the cars = sB sA = (2t + 2t) 120
... (2)
2
2t + 2t 120 = 3300 330t
2t2 + 332t 3420 = 0
On solving, we get t = 9.37 s
vB = 2 + 4 t = 41 m s1
v + vB

apparent frequency heard by the driver of car A is f = f

v + vA
330 + 41
= 352
= 371 Hz
330 + 22

2IIT1617PPWS14S

2. In a sonometer wire, the tension is maintained by suspending a 50.7 kg mass from the free end of the
wire. The suspended mass has a volume of 0.0075 m3. The fundamental frequency of the wire is 260 Hz.
If the suspended mass is completely submerged in water, the fundamental frequency will become
(A) 200 Hz
(B) 220 Hz
(C) 230 Hz
(D) 240 Hz
Ans (A)
Given f = 260 Hz, when T = 507 N.
When mass is submerged, under water
Upthrust = FB = Vg
FB = 0.0075 103 10 = 75 N.
Tension in the string, T/ = 507 75 = 432 N
1 T
(1)
f=
2l

and f / =

1
2l

T/

(2)

( 2) f /
T/
432
144 12
=
=
=
=
(1) f
T
507
169 13
12
12
f / = f = 260 = 240 Hz.
13
13
3. The vibrating portion of a wire which is stretched with a weight of 6.48 kg weighs 0.5 g. When sounding
in fundamental note, it is found to give 20 beats in 5 seconds, with vibrating tuning fork of frequency
256. If the length of the wire is slightly decreased, the note emitted by it is observed to be in unison with
that of the fork. The original length of the wire is
(A) 1 m
(B) 0.5 m
(C) 1.5 m
(D) 2 m
Ans (B)
20
When the length of the wire is l metre, the number of beats per second =
=4
5
If the length is decreased, the frequency increase and the beats disappear. The original frequency of the
wire is less than 256 by 4.
So the frequency of the wire of length l is f = 256 4 = 252 Hz
T = 6.48 9.8 N
0.5 10 3
m=
kg m 1
1
1 6.48 9.8 L

2 l 0.5 10 3
1 6.48 9.8 L
or (252) 2 = 2
4l
0.5 10 3
252 =

l = 0.5 m = 50 cm

4. The time period of a particle in SHM is 8 seconds. At t = 0, it is at the mean position. The ratio of the
distances traveled by it in the first and second is
1
1
1
1
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2
2
3
2 1

Ans (D)
y1 = a sin t
2IIT1617PPWS14S

For 1 sec, y1 = a sin .

For 2nd sec, y2 = a sin 2
y1
sin
1
1
=
=
=
y 2 sin 2 2 cos 2 cos 2
T
y1
1
1
1
=
=
=
y 2 = 2y1
2

y 2 2 cos
1
2
2

8
2

Distance covered in 2nd sec = y2 y1 =

2 1 y1

Ratio =

1
2 1

5. A vertical U-tube of uniform cross-section contains water upto a height of 30 cm. If the water on one
side is depressed and then released, its motion up and down the two sides of the tube is simple harmonic.
The time period of this SHM is nearly
(A) 4 s
(B) 3 s
(C) 2 s
(D) 1 s
Ans (D)
Figure shows a U-tube of uniform cross-sectional area A. Let the liquid be depressed through a distance
y in one limb. Then the water rises through the same distance y in another limb. The difference of levels
between two limbs will be 2y.
Excess of pressure on whole liquid
= (difference in height) (density) (g)
= 2y 1 g
( density of water = 1 g / cm3)
Force on the liquid = Pressure area = 2 y g A
Due to this force the liquid accelerates.
The mass of whole liquid in U tube = Volume density
= (2 30 A) 1 = 60 A
force 2y gA yg
Acceleration, a =
=
=
mass (60 A) 30
g
y = 2 y
30
Hence acceleration is directly proportional to displacement, so the motion is simple harmonic motion.
The time period T is given by
a=

T=

30
2
30
= 2 = 2
= 1.098 s

980
g

6. A cubical body (side 0.1 m and mass 0.002 kg) floats in water. It is pressed and then released so that it
oscillates vertically. The time period is
(A) 0.01 s
(B) 0.02 s
(C) 0.03 s
(D) 0.04 s
Ans (C)
Force in displaced position = Mg (d + x) Ag
But Mg = d A g
Force = d A g (d + x) Ag = A g
d2 x
The equation of motion is given by M 2 = A gx
dt
d2x
Ag
=
x = 2 x
dt 2
M
2IIT1617PPWS14S

10

This is a equation of SHM

T=

2
0.002
= 2
= 2
= 0.028 second.
2

Ag
1000 (0.1) 9.8

7. A copper wire is held at the two ends by rigid support. At 30 C the wire is just taut, with negligible
tension. The speed of transverse waves in this wire at 10 C is (Y = 1.3 1011 Nm2, = 1.7 105 C1
and = 9 103 kg m3)
(A) 70 ms1
(B) 30 ms1
(C) 90 ms1
(D) 120 ms1
Ans (A)
T
TL
M
v=
=
where =

M
L
T
= y
A

Thermal stress,

= L
M

= L = A

v=

YAL
=
M

v=

1.3 1011 1.7 105 20

= 70 ms 1
3
9 10

8. A wave pulse starts propagating in +x direction along a non-uniform wire of length L under a tension T
with mass per unit length given as = 0 + x, where 0 and are constants. The time taken by the
pulse to travel from the lighter end (x = 0) to the heavier end is
2
2
( 0 + L)3/2 + 3/2

(0 + L)3/ 2 3/2

(A)
(B)
0
0
3 T
3 T
2
2
(0 + L)3/2 + 3/2

( 0 + L)3/ 2 3/2

(D)
(C)
0
0
2 T
2 T

Ans (B)
Velocity of transverse wave in string, v =
dx
T
=
or
dt
0 + x
L

o + x dx = T dt
L

t/2
(0 + x) dx = T

dt

2(0 + x)
3

3/ 2

t
= T t ]0
0

2
[ 0 + L)3 / 2 03/ 2 = T t
3
2
t=
[( 0 + L)3 / 2 03/ 2 ]
3 T
9. Figure shows three identical springs A, B, C. When a 4 kg weight is hung on
A, it descends by 1 cm. When a 6 kg weight is hung on C, it will descend by
(A) 1.5 cm
(B) 3.0 cm
(C) 4.5 cm
2IIT1617PPWS14S

11

(D) 6.0 cm
Ans (B)
mg
4 10
=
= 4000 Nm 1
2
x
1 10
k
When B and C are in series, k eff = = 2000 Nm 1
2
mg 6 10
x=
=
= 3 cm.
k eff
2000
mg = kx k =

10. A simple pendulum of length l has a time period T for small oscillation. A fixed obstacle is placed
directly below the point of suspension, so that only the lower quarter of the string continues oscillations.
The pendulum is released from rest at a certain point O. The period of oscillation (assuming small
angles) will be
(A) T
T
(B)
4
3T
(C)
4
T
(D)
1+ 3
2
Ans (C)
1
l
l/4 1
T 3T
T = 2
+ 2
= T + =
2
g
g 2
2 4

11. The radius of steel wire A is twice that of B and the tension in A is half that in B. If transverse waves of
same frequency are generated in these two steel wires, then the ratio of the velocities of waves in A and
B is
(A) 1 : 2
(B) 1: 2
(C) 1: 2 2
(D) 3 : 2 2
Ans (C)
T
T
v=
=

r 2
vA =

TA
rA

, vB =

TB
rB

vA
=
vB

TA rB
v
.
A =
TB rA
vB

1 1
1
. =
2 2 2 2

12. Two sources A and B are sounding notes of frequency 680 Hz. A listener moves from A to B with a
constant velocity u. If the speed of sound is 340 m s1, the value of u so that he hears 10 beats per second
is
(A) 2.0 m s1
(B) 2.5 m s1
(C) 3.0 m s1
(D) 3.5 m s1
Ans (B)
vu
Listener moves away from A, f A = f

v
v+u
and moves towards, B f B = f

v
v+u vu
given f B f A = f
f

v v
2IIT1617PPWS14S

12

10 v 10 340
f
[2u ] u =
=
v
2f
2 680
1
u = 2.5 m s
10 =

13. A wire having a linear density 0.1 kg m1 is kept under a tension 490 N. It is observed that it resonates at
a frequency of 400 Hz and the next higher frequency 450 Hz. The length of wire is
(A) 0.4 m
(B) 0.7 m
(C) 0.6 m
(D) 0.49 m
Ans (B)
1 T
f = n

2l

1
400 = n
2l

(1)

1 T
450 = (n + 1)

2l
(2)
450 n + 1

=
n =8
(1)
400
n
1
Using (1) 400 = n
2l
1
400 = 8
2l

(2)

490
l = 0 .7 m
0.1

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions by choosing the
correct alternative

A string of natural length 2l can just support certain weight, when it is stretched till its whole length is 3l.
One end of the string is now attached to a point on a smooth horizontal table and the same weight is attached
to the other end and can move on the table. When the weight is pulled out to any distance and let go, the
string becomes slack again after some time.
14. If f is the force required to produce unit strain in the string, then weight required to increase the length
from 2l to 3l is
f
f
f
(A) f
(B)
(C)
(D)
3
2
4
Ans (C)
If L is the natural length of the string and f is the force required to produce unit strain in the string then
stretching force required to produce an extension of AL is
f
F = L
L
l f
f =
2l 2
15. The period of oscillation of the mass attached to the string is
l
l
a
(A) T = 2
(B) T =
(C) T = 2
g
g
2g

Ans (A)
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13

(D) T = 2

2a
g

One end of the string is attached to a smooth table and the other end to a mass M. Let it be pulled
through distance x.
f
mg
x mgx
Force producing this stretching, F = x = 2 mg =
Force constant k =
L
l
l
2l

T = 2

m
m
l
= 2
= 2
mg
k
g
l

16. Time interval in which string becomes slack is

l
l
(A)
(B)
g
2 g

(C) 2

l
g

(D)

l
2g

Ans (B)
T
String will become slack when it reaches its equilibrium length, which happens at second after the
4
mass m is released from extreme position of the string.
T 1
l
l
Hence time required = = 2
=
.
4 4
g 2 g

DPP
17. A mass m is suspended by mass of two coiled spring which have the same length in unscratched
condition as in figure. Their constant are k1 and k2 respectively. When set into vertical vibrations. the
period will be

m
(A) 2

k1k 2

k
(B) 2 m 1
k2

m
(C) 2

k1 k 2

m
(D) 2

k1 + k 2

Ans (D)
Given spring system has parallel combination, so
m
K eq = K1 + K 2 and time period T = 2
( K1 + K 2 )
18. The equation of a damped simple harmonic motion is m

d2x
dx
+ b + kx = 0. Then the angular frequency
2
dt
dt

of oscillation is
1

k
b2 2
(A) =

m 4m 2
1

k b2 2
(C) =

m 4m
2IIT1617PPWS14S

b 2
k
(B) =

m 4m 2
k b2
(D) =

m 4m
14

Ans (A)
19. The angular velocity and the amplitude of a simple pendulum is and a respectively. At
displacement X from the mean position if its kinetic energy is T and potential energy is V, then the ratio
of T to V is
( a 2 X 22 )
(a 2 X2 )
X 22
X2
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A) 2
a X 2 2
a 2 X2
X 2 2
X2

Ans (D)
1
1
T a2 x2
Kinetic energy T = m2 ( a 2 x 2 ) and potential energy, V = m2 x 2
=
2
2
V
x2
20. A particle is oscillating in SHM. What fraction of total energy is kinetic when the particle is at
the mean position (A is the amplitude of oscillation)
3
2
4
(A)
(B)
(C)
4
4
7
Ans (A)

A2
A 1
m2 A 2
K E at

4
2 =2
Kf =
1
K Total
m2 A 2
2
3
Kf =
4

(D)

A
from
2

5
7

21. If x, v and a denote the displacement, the velocity and the acceleration of a particle executing
simple harmonic motion of time period T, then which of the following does not change with time
aT
aT
aT
(A) a 2T 2 + 42 v 2
(B)
(C)
(D)
x
2v
v
Ans (B)
Acceleration a = 2 x
2

aT 2 xT
4 2
2
=
= 2T = T =
x
x
T
T

It is a constant term for S.H.M. i.e., it does not change with time.
22. The x-t graph of a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is shown below. The acceleration of the
particle at t = 4 / 3 s is
3 2
(A)
cm / s 2
32
2

(B)
cm / s 2
32
2
(C)
cm / s 2
32
3 2
(D)
cm / s 2
32
Ans (D)
From given graph amplitude (a) = 1 cm
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15

Time period (T) = 8 s

2

=
=
8 4
Acceleration A = 2 a sin t
4
2
4
at t = s, A = 1 sin
3
16
4 3
A=

2
3 2

sin A =
cm / s 2
16
32
3

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions by choosing the
correct alternative

Two identical blocks P and Q have equal masses and are connected to two
identical springs as shown. Initially the springs are unstretched. The block P
A
is moved to left by
and Q by A to the right side from equilibrium
2
position. Both the blocks are released simultaneously and they undergo perfectly inelastic collision. In
perfectly inelastic collision between two blocks, the momentum remains conserved and blocks stick together.
k
Initially, time period of both the blocks was T. Angular frequency of spring block system is =
and
m
maximum speed of particle in SHM is A, where A is the amplitude of oscillation.
23. The energy of oscillation of combined mass is
T
(A) T
(B)
2

(C) 2T

(D)

T
2

Ans (A)
Blocks collide at their mean position as time period is same for both.
After collision combined mass is 2 m and keff = 2 k, hence time period remains same. T = 2
24. The amplitude of the combined mass is
A
2A
(A) 3A
(B)
(C)
2
3
Ans (D)
From conservation of linear momentum
A
A
m mA = (2m)v v =
2
4
A
A
Velocity at mean position =
Amplitude = .
4
4
25. The energy of oscillation of combined mass is
kA 2
(A) kA2
(B)
2
Ans (C)

(C)

E=

1
1
m2 A 2 kA 2
A
(2m) v2 = (2m)
=
=

2
2
16
16
4

2IIT1617PPWS14S

16

kA 2
16

(D)

A
4

(D)

kA 2
8

m
k

Read the passage given below and answer questions by choosing the correct
alternative

Longitudinal standing waves can be produced in columns of air in pipes. The closed end of the pipe is a
node. The open end of a pipe is always an antinode. The lowest natural frequency is called fundamental
frequency f0 and has wavelength 0. A harmonic is an integral multiple of fundamental frequency (nf) with
n = 1, 2, 3
For a complete cycle of a wave of wavelength , the distance between any two consecutive nodes or any two

consecutive antinodes is half the wave length. i.e.

(Assume v = 340 ms 1)
2
26. The auditory canal of the outer ear is 3 cm, closed at one end by the ear drum. The fundamental
frequency associated with air column is
(A) 1.1 102 Hz
(B) 2.8 103 Hz
(C) 5.6 103 Hz
(D) 1.7 104 Hz
Ans (B)
v
340
f0 =
=
= 2.8 10 3 Hz
2
4L 4 3 10
27. A pipe resonates at 60 Hz, 100 Hz, and 140 Hz. How long is the pipe?
(A) 1.4 m
(B) 2.8 m
(C) 4.3 m
Ans (C)
The difference between successive overtones is constant (= 40 Hz)
fundamental frequency must be 20 Hz.
3(20 Hz) = 60 Hz, 5(20 Hz) 100 Hz, 7(20 Hz) 140 Hz.
Overtones are odd multiples of the fundamental, hence it is a closed pipe.
v
v
340
f0 =
, l =
=
= 4.25 m 4.3 m
4L
4f 0 4 20

(D) 8.5 m

28. A pipe of length L is closed at both the ends. What is its fundamental wavelength?
L
(A)
(B) L
(C) 2L
(D) 4L
2
Ans (C)

L=

0
0 = 2L
2

***

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17