Identification and Application of Key Terminology:

(((((((((((*&************* add in basic structure w/ articvles and stuff

ELITES AND MASSES
FEDERALISM
Formed by the U.S. Constitution.
Has delegated powers, and Nat'nl supremecy. Rest are State or De
nied.
DENIED POWERS
See 14th Amendment. Individual liberties, coinage, war.
RESERVED POWERS (10TH AMENDMENT)
State Powers incl. contract, property, and local law. Taxation too.
IMPLIED POWERS
Power to do what is necessary and proper.
DELEGATED POWERS
Powers given to Congress. Includes necessary and proper.
GOVERNMENT AS AN INSTITUTION
REPUBLIC AND REPUBLICANISM
Representative--not democratic and not hereditary.
POLITICAL POWER
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
!!!!!!!Gov. formed out of a social contract.
AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY
ELITISM VS. PLURALISM
ELITE ALTRUISM VS.DISTEMPER
Sometimes elites act in self interest.
PUBLIC POLICY
GREAT CONNECTICUT COMPROMISE
3/5 COMPROMISE
Slaves worth 3/5 of representation and 3/5 of tax.
SEPARATION OF POWERS
DUAL, COOPERATIVE, AND CENTRALIZED FEDERALISM
Dual: 1st 100 years.
Cooperative: With industrial revolution and income tax, increased federa
l gov in state matters
Centralized: w/ 1964 Lyndon B Johnson, huge federalism at state level. 1
0 am. means little.
NEW FEDERALISM AND DEVOLUTION
New Federalism: Regan's splitting of funding gave state's more independa
nce.
Devolution: Passing responsibilities back to states.
COERCIVE FEDERALISM
Now have federal mandates.
FEDERAL MANDATES
Direct orders from Fed to State and local. (No Child Left Behind)
DIRECT VS. INDIRECT DEMOCRACY
CHECKS AND BALANCES
Congress:
Must have house and senate agreement.
Can override presedential veto w/ 2/3 maj in house and senate.
Impeach
Can reject nominees

Amend laws
President:
Can veto
Nominates judges
Court:
Can declare things constitutional
JUDICIAL REVIEW (MARBURY V MADISON)
DEMAGOGUES
Counter-Elites--Hyper Mass people. Extremists who hate democracy and ind
ividual rights
NOBLESSE OBLIGE
Obligation of the elites to help the masses.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE CLAUSE
In 1937, Supreme Court ruled that Congress could regulate production and
distribution of goods.
NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE
Ref: McCulloch v Maryland.
Federal gov has the ability to do what ever is necessary and proper--aft
er M v M case, broad interpreation is used.
NATIONAL SUPREMACY CLAUSE
Article 6, Fed is in charge, and always prevail over states.
FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE
Article 4, states must respect other state's debt.
IRON LAW OF OLIGARCHY
Any organization will eventually represent the will of some oligarch, no
matter how "democratic thew oricinal prrpose was"
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Was done as an after thought. Ratified in 1791.
TRADITIONAL DEMOCRATIC THEORY
Popular government.
INALIENABLE RIGHTS
Life, Liberty, Property. Locke.
MAJORITARIANISM
Popular government. Majority rules.
FEDERALIST VS. ANTI-FEDERALISTS
!!! Feds wanted the constitution, Anti-Feds didn't. Worried about indivi
dual rights.
PUBLIC SPACE VS. PRIVATE PROPERTY
!!!
TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY
Example in book is anti-immigration and civil rights.
FEDERALIST #10
Publis (madison) Factions, Property is under threat. Natl gov best deven
se as the aggregate factions will have less power.
CIVIL SOCIETY AND POLITICAL CULTURE
!!!
THE IRONY OF DEMOCRACY
Elites must govern well to preserve democracy.
COUNTY, MUNICIPALITY, UNINCORPORATED AREA
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
14TH AMENDMENT
Protects individual liberties.
DUE PROCESS AND EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE
Entitled to fair hearing of law.

Government, Democracy, and Theoretical Perspectives

oTheoretical origins and purposes of government
Natural -Development -Conquest -Divine Right -Contract -oWhy elitism occurs in a democracy
oElite and mass threats to democracy
U.S. Constitutional System
oHistorical origins of the U.S. Constitution (elite consensus in 1787)
oPolitical features of the U.S. Constitution (the role of separation of
powers and checks and balances)
oStructural features of the Constitution (Preamble, Articles, Amendments
)
oPhilosophical Features of the U.S. Constitution
American Federalism
oSignificance of the McCulloch v Maryland Supreme Court decision (1819)
oFactors influencing the growing power of the central government (histor
ical, institutional, economic, cultural)
oFederal-state antagonism: why federalism is a blueprint for conflict
oEvolution of American federalism and factors that influence its flexibi
lity
State and Local Government
oState and local governments: units and functions
oLegality and authority of local government within a federal system
Public Spaces and Democratic Civil Society
oPolitical culture within a democratic civil society
oThe role of public space in fostering a democratic civil society
SECTION II.
Identification and Application of Key Terminology:
GOVERNMENTAL ELITES
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ELITES
FOUNDATION
Part of the elite system.
THINK TANK
Get research from foundations and universities, deliver policy advice to
media and lawmaking inst.
MASS POLITICAL IGNORANCE
Masses don't know and don't care.
MASS POLITICAL APATHY
People don't vote, run for office, or involve themselves in politik.
TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMIC, CORPORATE ELITES
Old economic elites valued community. Now shifting to political elites.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CORPORATION
Group focused on the profits. Board, Managers, Employees, Share-holders.
MASS ACTIVISM
Mass activism inspires elite repression. Masses need to be focused on su

rvival goals, or they will get all undemocratic.

Bad times focus mass activism toward undemocratic ideals.
INDUSTRIAL VS. FINANCIAL ELITES
Industrial became a big deal after civil war with big projects (rail, ca
nal).
Financial elites are more powerful, with more concentrations of power du
e to merging banks and insurance firms.
KEY FEATURES OF A CULTURE
MASS UNREST
Despite a superficial commitment to the symbols of democracy, the masse
s have surprisingly weak commitments to the principles of individual liberty, to
leration of diversity, and freedom of expression when required to apply these pr
inciples to despised or obnoxious groups or individuals.
REVOLVING DOOR THEORY
Elites going back and forth b/w private and public positions of power.
NATIONAL IDENTITY
GLOBALIZATION
MANAGERIALISM
Not sure, might refer to votes being given to managment.
AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM
CAPITAL MOBILITY
Deals with Globaization
INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES
Where board members serve for multiple corporations.
AMERICAN DREAM
OUTSOURCING
AMERICAN ESTABLISHMENT
POLITICAL CULTURE
DEUNIONIZATION
Went from 40% to 13% unionized workforce. Globalization & immigration.
Consequences of Elitism: Elites in America
oEvolution of elite system in the United States (key characteristics)
Slow turn-over of elites in system.
oDifference between governmental and nongovernmental (private sector) elites
oElite and pluralist theory perspectives of the power/influence of economic elit
es
Pluralists hold that economic power is relative, not all going the same
way.
oGlobalization and its social, economic, and political effects on the elites in
America
!!!!!!!!
oHow industrial and financial elites wield power and influence
Wages, capital, ect.
oElite model of policy making (key institutions and their role)
5 tiered system.
oFilm on the 2008-2009 financial crisis: key contributing factors, elite interes
ts, overall policy outcome (big picture)
Consequences of Elitism: Masses in America

oGeneral trends of the American masses

political values, interests, and behavior
oCharacteristics of American national identity
oGlobalization and its social, economic, and political effects on the masses in
America
oHistorically, elite vs. mass opinion on immigration in the U.S.
oDangers of demagogues, mass unrest, and elite response to mass activism