Academic year 2015 SR Page Introduction 1 Science Laboratory Regulations 2 Laboratory Reports 5 Criteria for Judging Lab Reports 6 Laboratory Experiments Experiment 1: Microscopy And Li 7 Experiment 2: Chemical Compost 2 Experiment 3: Chemical Composition of Cells (Part Two) 15 Experiment 4: Chemical Composition of Cells (Part Three) 19 Experiment 5: Diffusion 2 Experiment 6: Osmosis 24 Experiment 7: Photosynthesis 27 Experiment &: Mitosis 29 Experiment 9: Meiosis 31 38 Biology is a natural science. concemed with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology Is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. ‘This course Is intended to introduce you to some important basic mechanisms and principles of biology and the opportunity to take a hands-on, experimental approach towards understanding these Concepts You wil ais0 gain some familiarity with some of the types of equipment frequently used in biology. You will need to read your lab manual before each lab period to understand the procedures to be performed. Ifyou do this, you will nt waste large amounts of class time, and you wil avold annoying both your lab partners and your instructor. ‘The biology laboratory course Is designed to provide an atmosphere of inquiry and experimentation {twill give you an opportunity to obtain hands-on experience with the scientific process, to enhance your powers of observation, to learn some specific techniques, and ideally, to reemphasize important concepts that were discussed in lecture,The following regulations have been compiled for the safety of students and staff performing work in any of the Science Laboratories. Strict observance of the regulations is mandatory. Violation of the laboratory safety regulations can result in the loss of laboratory privileges. General 1) Noactivity that violates the regulations of the University is permitted in the laboratory. 2) Non-users of the laboratories are to be regarded as visitors. To ensure security and safety, visitors are not allowed to stay in the laboratory without prior consent from the University. 3) Observe good housekeeping practices. Keep aisles clear; push your chair under the table when not in use. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times. Bring only your laboratory instructions or lab notebook to your work area. Other materials (books, purses, backpacks, etc) ‘must be stored in the designated storage area. 4) To prevent injury from chemical spills, stand (do not sit) at lab stations when using hazardous chemicals, 5) Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment including the first aid kit, eyewash station, safety shower, fire extinguisher, fire blanket, fire alarm, gas shut off, phone, and exits. 6) Eating or drinking, of any kind, is not permitted in the laboratory room at any time. Chemical residues can remain on countertops long after an experiment. No smoking is allowed inside and outside the laboratory. 7) Students are not permitted in laboratory storage areas or lab technicians’ work area without approval of the instructor, Clothing 8) Lab coats have been provided for your protection and should be worn during lab activities, 9) Wear shoes that cover the toes. Sandals are not allowed except when carrying out plant tissue culture work. 10) Separate pairs of shoes or sandals should be worn when entering the plant tissue culture room, Otherwise, enter the room barefooted, 11) Safety goggles must be worn during hazardous activities involving caustic/corrosive chemicals, heating of liquids, and other activities that may injure the eyes. 12) Splashes and fumes from hazardous chemicals present a special danger to wearers of contact lenses. Therefore, students and staff should preferably wear regular glasses (inside goggles, whenappropriate) during all lab activities where there is potential exposure to chemicals or chemical fumes. 13) Students and staff with open skin wounds on hands must wear gloves. Use of Laboratory Equipment and Supplies 14) Use equipment in accordance with the instructions accompanying the equipment and/or by qualified personnel and in a manner that the equipment was (were) designed for. 15) Read the instruction manual(s) prior to use of equipment (if such manual exists). 16) The equipment and laboratory supplies should not be loaned to third parties without the expressed consent of the University. 17) Use a bumer with extreme caution. Never leave a lit burner unattended. Keep your arms and clothing away from the flame and turn it off when not in use. 18) Use the fume hood whenever noxious, corrosive, or toxic fumes are produced or released. 19) When using a digital balance, always use a weigh boat or weigh paper to protect the balance pan. Always tum it off after use. 20) Always use hot plate holders, test tube holders, or tongs to handle hot glassware. Hot and cold glassware have the same visual appearance. Determine whether an object is hot by bringing the back of your hand close to the object. Do not immerse hot glassware in cold water; it may shatter. When bending glass tubing, allow time for the glass to cool before further handling. Handling Chemicals and Biological Specimens 21) All chemicals are to be considered dangerous. Do not touch, taste, or smell any chemicals unless specifically instructed to do so. 22) Check the label on cher chemical as you need. al bottles twice before removing any of the contents. Take only as much 23) To prevent contamination and accidental reactions, NEVER return unused chemicals to their original containers. NEVER exchange stoppers of bottles, or lay stoppers on the table. 24) Be sure that caps or lids of containers used for chemicals are securely closed after use. 25) Be aware if the chemicals being used are hazardous. Know where the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is and what it indicates for each of the hazardous chemicals you are using. 26) Never grab a flask, beaker, test tube, or container by its lid or stopper.27) When diluting acids, always pour acids into water, never the reverse (@ memory tool: AAA~always add acid). Combine liquids slowly while stirring to distribute heat build up throughout the mixture. 28) Keep hands away from face, eyes, and clothes while using solutions, specimens, equipment, or materials in the laboratory. 29) Use a rubber bulb or pipette pump (never your mouth) when sucti transferring small quantities of liquid with a pipette. jing, measuring, or 30) Never remove chemicals or other materials from the laboratory. 31) Never open petri dishes containing bacterial or fungal growth unless directed to do so by the instructor. 32) Dispose of all discarded bacterial and fungal cultures by sterilization as directed by the instructor. 33) Wash hands thoroughly after contact with bacteria, fungi, or plasmids. Proper Waste Disposal and Hygienic Care 34) Dispose of al sharp objects (chipped or cracked glassware, toothpicks, razor blades, scalpel blades etc) and other contaminated materials (biological or chemical) in special containers as directed. 35) Clean out the sink and sink drain traps after every period. 36) Wipe down and dry the balance and balance pan after every use (corroded balance pans cause inaccuracy of the balance). Cover the balance at the end of the laboratory period. 37) Clean (with detergent), rinse, and wipe dry all work surfaces (including the sink) and any apparatus after use. 38) Return all equipment clean and in working order to the proper storage area. 39) Be sure all glassware is clean before use and thoroughly clean glassware after its use. 40) Wash hands with soap and water before leaving the laboratory.DS RES The laboratory reports are major written assignments. It should contain the following sections: Title page Objective(s) Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Condusion References Title page: This should include the title of your report, the author's name (ie. your name), and your lab partner's names(s), and your address (your Nilai UC official email address is sufficient), Objective(s): This should be a brief description of the objective(s) of the lab experiment. Materials: This section should include the list of apparatus, chemicals and etc that will be used in the experimentis). Methods: This section should be written in past tense. Methods to carry out the experiment(s) will be Provided and as the one who carries out the experiment, you should re-write the methods in a past tense manner in your report. Results: This section should be a description of what you did in words or illustrated with figures or tables. It should not be merely a collection of several figures; you need to explain what each figure ‘Means. ilustration must be label appropriately. Discussion: This section should begin with a brief summary of your results, and an explanation of what they mean. What were you hoping to accomplish? What did you discover as a result of your experiments? Which of your results are interesting? What can you say about your hypothesis now that you have additional data? What did you expect to see? Did you see what you expected? Did you find surprising results? You should end your discussion section with your conclusions. Did your experiment achieve your goals? How are your results going to changes the world? Conclusion: This section need to be written to conclude the overall experiment. References: This section allows you to credit the originators of the information you are presenting,Does it contain the required sections? Isit clearly written? Does it use scientific terms properly? Does it use good grammar? Are the words spelled correctly? Are the calculations performed correctly? Does the title page contain the author's name and address? Does the title page contain the name(s) of the author's lab partners? Objective(s): 1. Isitclearly written? Materials and Methods: 1. Does itinclude all the apparatus, chemicals and etc that are being used in the experiment? 2. Does it describe all of the methods used? 3. Isit excessively long? Results 1. Doesit explain the rationale and strategy for the experiments performed? 2. Does it describe, in words, what was done? 3. Doesit answer the objective(s)? 4. Doesit flow well? Is it logically written? Is it concise? Discussion: 1. Does it summarise the findings obtained in the results section? 2. Doesit discuss the expected results? 3. Does it answer the objective(s)? 4. Doesit flow well? Is it logically written? Is it concise? Conclusion: 1. Does it reach conclusions? 2. Doesit explain why the conclusions are important? 3. Doesit flow well? Is it logically written? Is it concise? Figures: 1. Are the figures well designed? 2. Dothe figures include informative legends? 3. Do the figures present information useful for understanding the text? Tables: 1. Are the tables well designed? 2. Do the figures present information useful for understanding the text? 3. Isthe information in the tables redundant? References: 1._Is the information obtained from published sources properly referenced?