INTRODUCTION

Pounding is one of the main causes of severe building damages inearthquake. The non-structural
damage involves pounding or movement across separation joints between adjacent structures.
Seismic pounding between two adjacent buildings occur
during an earthquake
different dynamic characteristics
adjacent buildings vibrate out of phase
at-rest separation is insufficient
A separation joint is the distance between two different building structures - often two wings of
the same facility - that allows the structures to move independently of one another. A seismic
gap is a separation joint provided to accommodate relative lateral movement during an
earthquake. In order to provide functional continuity between separate wings, building utilities
must often extend across these building separations, and architectural finishes must be detailed
to terminate on either side. The separation joint may be only an inch or two in older
constructions or as much as a foot in some newer buildings, depending on the expected
horizontal movement, or seismic drift. Damage to items crossing seismic gaps is a common
type of earthquake damage. If the size of the gap is insufficient, pounding between adjacent
buildings may result in damage to structural components the buildings.
In the present study an attempt is made to study the seismic pounding effect between
adjacent buildings.
PROBLEMSTATEMENT
Present work aims at the study of earthquake induced seismic pounding between equal height
buildings with substantially different dynamic properties and the improvement in the seismic
performance of same buildings with R.C. shear walls, dampers and outrigger system.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the present work is to study the seismic pounding effects on equal height
building . The specific objectives of the work are as below:
1. To develop Earthquake-induced pounding model of buildings.
2. To study Nonlinear Time history analysis in relevant software.
3. To study the effect of pounding on seismic performance of buildings with substantially
different dynamic properties.
4. To Study the improved building performance to seismic pounding and compare with
addition of shear walls and dampers and outrigger systems.

LITRATURE REVIEW
MizamDOGAN andAyten GUNAYDIN (2009)results of pounding and effects ofpounding to
structural elements of buildings were studied. Stress analyses were made on frame models for
different impact points and analysis results were discussed. It was concluded that pounding
forces were not completely absorbable because of their high values but their effects on structure
can be reduced by placing elastic materials between adjacent buildings or by reinforcing
structural systems with cast-in-place reinforced concrete (RC) walls.
Panayiotis C. Polycarpouand PetrosKomodromos(2010) studied the numerical simulations,
the effects of potential pounding incidences on the seismic response of a typical seismically
isolated building. Such impact events may occur either with the surrounding moat wall at the
building's base or against an adjacent building that may stand at a very close distance. A
specialized software application has been developed in order to efficiently perform numerical
simulations and parametric studies of this problem. The effects of certain parameters, such as the
size of the separation distance, the characteristics of the adjacent structures and the earthquake
characteristics, have been investigated using the developed software.
Robert Jankowski(2008)investigate done pounding-involved response of two equal height
buildings with substantially different dynamic properties, paying a special attention to modelling
the non-linear effects taking place during impact as well as observed in the structural behaviour
as the result of ground motion excitation. The three dimensional non-linear response analysis as
well as the parametric study have been conducted for earthquake-induced pounding of structures

modelled as elastoplastic multi-degree-of-freedom lumped mass systems. The results of the

response analysis show that collisions have a significant influence on the behaviour of the lighter
and more flexible building causing substantial amplification of the response and leading to
considerable permanent deformation due to yielding.
KhajaAfroz Jamal and H.S.Vidyadhara(2013) a systematic study regarding pounding of
building response as well as seismic hazard mitigation practices like effect of different separation
distances and effect of addition of shear walls were investigated in ETABS nonlinear software.
The results were obtained in the form of pounding force and point displacements. As the
pounding effect varies inversely with separation distance so by increasing separation distance
pounding effect was reduced greatly and hence damage to neighboring buildings was minimized.
Also, the provision of shear wall reduces effect of pounding.
V.K. Agarwala and J.M. Niedzweckia(2007) The formulation models each building as two
degree of freedom oscillators and allows for impact at mid-level and top-level elevations.
Variable friction base isolation modeling Teflon bearings were introduced into the formulation
and it was assumed that the earthquake induced motion was one dimensional in that it excites
each building from the same direction for each building. Three illustrative examples were
presented that provide a basis for comparison of fixed base and base isolated buildings models.
In the numerical simulations, four earthquake records from different sites were used to excite the
buildings and were scaled to the same spectral acceleration at the period of the fixed-base
building natural period in order to provide a common seismic hazard level.
B. Madani and F. Behnamfar(2015) ) effects of both of the mentioned phenomena on the in
elastic response of selected steel structures were studied. Number of stories varied between 3 and
12 and different clear distances up to the seismic codes prescribed value were
considered.ThepoundingelementwasmodeledwithinOpensees.Acoupledmodelof springs and dash
pots utilized for through-the-soil interaction of the adjacent structures two types of soft soils. The
pounding force, relative displacements of stories, story shears, and plastic hinge rotations were
compared for different conditions as the maximum response saveraged between seven consistent
earthquakes. As a result, simultaneous effects of pounding and structuresoilstructure
interaction were discussed.
Bipin Shrestha(2013) the required separation distance to avoid pounding analytically. The
required separation distances achieved by SRSS and DDC methods were compared against

analytical separation distance for sets of linear and nonlinear SDOF systems for a simulated
ground motion compatible with Type I spectrum for Zone V of IS 1893.The paper further
presents the effect of different normalized separation distance on the pounding response of
linear and nonlinear SDOF systems. The results presented indicates that the DDC method
predicts the separation distance required to avoid pounding accurately when the structural
response was linear but couldnt predict the required separation distance

accurately when

nonlinear response is considered. The absolute sum method was the conservative method
and at times the conservatism was excessive. Response of the adjacent structures considering
pounding with various gap distances showed that the response of the linear SDOF varies
significantly with the nonlinear SDOF thus emphasizing the use of the nonlinear model while
conducting pounding response.
Shehata E. Abdel Raheem (2006) developed and implemented a tool for the inelastic analysis
of seismic pounding effect between buildings. They carried out a parametric study on buildings
pounding response as well as proper seismic hazard mitigation practice for adjacent buildings.
Three categories of recorded earthquake excitation were used for input. He studied the effect of
impact using linear and nonlinear contact force model for different separation distances and
compared with nominal model without pounding consideration
AmrutaSadanandTapashetti(2014) Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings can cause
severe damage to the structures under earthquakes, when owing to their different dynamic
characteristics. During earthquake, the buildings vibrate out of phase and at rest separation was
deficient to accommodate their relative motions. Such buildings were usually separated by
expansion joint which is insufficient to provide the lateral movements of the buildings during
earthquakes. It can be prevented by providing safe separation distances, sometimes getting of
required safe separations was not possible in metropolitan areas due to high land value and
limited availability of land space. If building separations was found to be deficient to prevent
pounding, then there should be some secure and cost effective methods to prevent structural
pounding between adjacent buildings.
S.D. Bharti, and S.M. Dumne(2008) the effectiveness of MR damper was examined for seismic
response mitigation of adjacent multistory buildings under coupled building control scheme,
involving passive-off, passive-on and semi active control strategies. Further, the influence of
damper location and maximum command voltage, on control performance was also examined

.Based on the results of the numerical study it has been observed that the MR damper was an
effective device to control the response of both the buildings for a wide range of ground motion.
Chetan J. Chitteand Anand S. Jadhav(2014)a mathematical modeling of adjacent building
pounding has been demonstrated and its implementation in a finite element nonlinear seismic
analysis was presented. In view of the results obtained by the nonlinear time history analyses of
the considered building structures, The pounding of adjacent structures during earthquakes has
been receiving considerable attention in recent years. This was because adjacent structures with
inadequate clear spacing between them have suffered considerable structural and nonstructural
damage as a result of their collision during major earthquakes. The different dynamic
characteristics of adjacent buildings make them vibrate out of phase, and pounding occurs if
there was a lack of sufficient space between them. Pounding between closely spaced building
structures can be a serious hazard in seismically active areas.
Mir M. Ali and Kyoung Sun Moon, Structural Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends
and Future Prospects, Received 8 May; accepted 13 June 2007.
This paper reviews the evolution of tall buildings structural systems and the technological
driving force behind tall building developments. For the primary structural systems, a new
classification interior structures and exterior structures is presented. While

most

representative system for tall building are discussed , the emphasis in the review paper is on
current trend such as outrigger system & diagrid system.
Po Seng Kian & Frits Torang Siahaan , The use of outrigger and belt truss system for highrise concrete buildings (2001) The use of outrigger and belt truss system in high-rise buildings
increase the stiffness and makes the structural form efficient under lateral load.
Single outrigger provided at the middle of the structure height reduces the maximum
displacement by 56 %.
By providing first outrigger at the top and second outrigger at the middle of the structure height
reduces displacement by 65%.
For three dimensional structural 60-storey model subjected to the earthquake load, about 18%
reduction in lateral displacement can be achieved with optimum location of the outrigger truss at
the top.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A proposed work contains a study of Effect of Earthquake - induced pounding between equal
height building . The research work include the development of Earthquake-induced pounding
model of equal height buildings for nonlinear seismic analysis using relevant software .On this
we can studied effect of pounding on seismic performance of buildings with substantially
different dynamic properties . It also includes the study the improved building performance to
seismic pounding with addition of shear walls and dampers.
For achieving the objectives the study will be conducted in following phases1. Generate earthquake induced pounding model of equal height buildings with substantially
different dynamic properties ( mass and stiffness ) .
2. Perform nonlinear time history analysis and obtain various response parameters.
3. Perform nonlinear time history analysis on a pounding model with provided with shear
wall and dampers and outrigger system obtain various response parameters.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study will help the to know the various remedies that can be used to reduce seismic damages
due to pounding of which will be helpful in the design of Building in the high populated region
where pounding effect is observed in a very large mannered useful points are studied which will
be helpful in the design of earthquake resistant buildings.
OUTLINE OF THE PROJECTWORK
The thesis will consist of six chapters. Chapter 1 will be highlight the entire research work,
statement of problem, objectives of study, methodology adopted etc. Chapter 2 is elaborates the
details of topics by reviewing related literature available. Chapter 3 is Generate earthquake
induced pounding model of equal height buildings with substantially different dynamic
properties ( mass and stiffness ) .The Chapter 4 will consist of seismic analysis of building
models .The Chapter 5 will include the results of analysis of building models for different
seismic parameters. Chapter 6 covers the discussion of result, conclusion of the study and also
the future scope of study

REFERENCE

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AytenGunaydin, POUNDING OF ADJACENT RC BUILDINGS

DURING SEISMIC LOADS

Journal of Engineering and Architecture Faculty of

EskiehirOsmangazi University, Vol: XXII, No:1, 2009

5) GEBRAIL BEKDAS, and SINAN MELIH NIGDELI , Preventing the Pounding of
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9)

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adjacent

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subjected to near field ground motion IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering
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