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States and union territories of India

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Indian States and Union territories
India - administrative map.png
Category

Federated state

Location

Republic of India

Number

29 States

7 Union territories
Populations States: 607,688 Sikkim 199,581,477 Uttar Pradesh
Union Territories: 64,429 Lakshadweep 11,007,835 National Capital Territory
Areas States: 3,700 km2 (1,429 sq mi) Goa 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi)
Rajasthan
Union territories: 31 km2 (12 sq mi) Lakshadweep 8,070 km2 (3,117 sq mi)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Government

State government, Union Government (Union territories)

Subdivisions

District, Divisions

India is a federal union comprising twenty-nine states and seven union

territories. The states and union territories are further subdivided into
districts and further into smaller administrative divisions.
States and union
territories of India
ordered by
Flag of India.svg

Area Population

Abbreviations Capitals Child Nutrition Crime rate Economic Freedom

Electricity penetration Fertility rate Forest cover GDP (per capita) Highest
point HIV awareness HDI Home ownership Household size Human Trafficking
Institutional delivery Life expectancy at birth Literacy rate Media exposure
Number of Vehicles Number of voters Open defecation Origin of name Places
of worship Poverty Power capacity Riots rate Safe Drinking Water Safety of
Women School Enrollment Rate Sex ratio Suicides Tax revenues TV ownership
Toilet availability Transport network Underweight people Unemployment
Vaccination coverage

vte

Contents

1 Responsibilities and authorities

2 History
2.1 Pre-independence
2.2 1947-50
2.3 States reorganization (1951-56)
2.4 Post-1956
2.5 Current proposals
3 List
3.1 States
3.2 Union territories
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References

7 External links

Responsibilities and authorities

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative

powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the
Union and that State.[1]
History
Administrative division of India in 1951
Pre-independence

The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups
throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative
division in the region.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] During the British Raj,
the original administrative structure was mostly kept, and India was divided
into provinces (also called Presidencies) that were directly governed by the
British and princely states which were nominally controlled by a local prince
or raja loyal to the British Empire, which held de facto sovereignty
(suzerainty) over the princely states.
1947-50

Between 1947 and 1950, the territories of the princely states were politically
integrated into the Indian Union. Most were merged into existing provinces;
others were organised into new provinces, such as Rajputana, Himachal
Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple princely
states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became
separate provinces. The new Constitution of India, which came into force on
26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new
republic was also declared to be a "Union of States".[12] The constitution of
1950 distinguished between three main types of states:

Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India,
were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature. The nine Part A
states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central

Provinces and Berar), Madras, Orissa, Punjab (formerly East Punjab), Uttar
Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and West Bengal.
The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely
states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent
state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the
President of India. The Part B states were Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir,
Madhya Bharat, Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU),
Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and Travancore-Cochin.
The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners'
provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief
commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were
Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Cutch, Manipur,
Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh.
The only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were
administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central government.

States reorganization (1951-56)

The Union Territory of Puducherry was created in 1954 comprising the

previous French enclaves of Pondichry, Karaikal, Yanam and Mah.[13]
Andhra State was created on October 1, 1953 from the Telugu-speaking
northern districts of Madras State.[14]

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganised the states based on

linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.[15] As a result of
this act, Madras State retained its name with Kanyakumari district added to
from Travancore-Cochin. Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of
Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956.
Kerala was created with the merger of Malabar district and the Kasaragod
taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore-Cochin.
Mysore State was re-organized with the addition of districts of Bellary and
South Canara (excluding Kasaragod taluk) and the Kollegal taluk of
Coimbatore district from the Madras State, the districts of Belgaum, Bijapur,
North Canara and Dharwad from Bombay State, the Kannada-majority
districts of Bidar, Raichur and Gulbarga from Hyderabad State and the
province of Coorg. The Laccadive Islands which were divided between South
Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State were united and organised into
the union territory of Lakshadweep.

Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch
State, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh
and Marathwada region of Hyderabad State. Rajasthan and Punjab gained
territories from Ajmer and Patiala and East Punjab States Union respectively
and certain territories of Bihar was transferred to West Bengal.
Post-1956

Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra
on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.[16] Nagaland was formed
on 1 December 1963.[17] The Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 resulted in
the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern
districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh.[18] The act also designated
Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and
Haryana.[19][20]

Madras state was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. North-eastern states of

Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972.[21] Mysore
State was renamed as Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became
the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished.
[22] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February,
followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu
and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories.[23]

In November 2000, three new states were created namely, Chhattisgarh from
eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed
Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar.[24][25]
[26][27] Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2
June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh.[28][29]
Current proposals
Main article: List of proposed states and territories of India
List
See also: List of state and union territory capitals in India
States

State ISO 3166-2:IN

code Capital
(km2)

Vehicle

Largest city Statehood

Population[30]

Area

Official

languages[31]

Additional official

languages[31]
Andhra Pradesh
October 1953

IN-AP AP
HyderabadNote 1 Visakhapatnam
49,506,799 160,205
Telugu

Arunachal Pradesh IN-AR AR

83,743
English

Itanagar

20 February 1987 1,383,727

Assam
IN-AS AS
Dispur
Guwahati
31,205,576 78,550
Assamese
Bihar IN-BR BR
Patna 26 January 1950
Hindi Urdu
Chhattisgarh
IN-CT CG
25,545,198 135,194
Goa

IN-GA GA
1,458,545

26 January 1950

104,099,452

Naya Raipur Raipur

Hindi

Panaji
Vasco da Gama
3,702 Konkani
Marathi

Gujarat
IN-GJ GJ
Gandhinagar
60,439,692 196,024
Gujarati

99,200
1 November 2000

30 May 1987

Ahmedabad 1 May 1960

Haryana
IN-HR HR
Chandigarh Faridabad
1 November 1966
25,351,462 44,212
Hindi Punjabi[32][33]
Himachal Pradesh IN-HP HP
Shimla
55,673
Hindi English
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu (Winter)
Urdu

IN-JK JK

Srinagar

25 January 1971

6,864,602

Srinagar (Summer)

26 January 1950

12,541,302 222,236

Jharkhand IN-JH JH
Ranchi
Jamshedpur 15 November 2000
32,988,134 74,677
Hindi Bengali, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali,
Kurukh, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Panchpargania, Santhali, Urdu[34]
Karnataka IN-KA KA
Bengaluru
191,791
Kannada

1 November 1956 61,095,297

Kerala

IN-KL KL
Thiruvananthapuram
33,406,061 38,863
Malayalam

Madhya Pradesh
IN-MP MP
72,626,809 308,252

Bhopal
Hindi

Maharashtra
307,713

MH

IN-MH
Marathi

Manipur
IN-MN
MN
22,347
Manipuri

Indore

Mumbai

Imphal
English

Kochi 1 November 1956

1 November 1956
1 May 1960 112,374,333

21 January 1972

Meghalaya IN-ML ML
Shillong
21 January 1972
22,720
English
Khasi[a]

2,855,794

2,966,889

Mizoram
IN-MZ MZ
Aizawl
20 February 1987 1,097,206
21,081
Mizo, English, Hindi

Nagaland
IN-NL NL
Kohima
Dimapur
1,978,502 16,579
English

Odisha
IN-OR OD
Bhubaneswar
155,820
Odia

26 January 1950

Punjab
IN-PB PB
Chandigarh Ludhiana
27,743,338 50,362
Punjabi

Rajasthan
IN-RJ RJ
Hindi English

1 December 1963
41,974,218

1 November 1966

Jaipur 1 November 1956 68,548,437 342,269

Sikkim
IN-SK SK
Gangtok
16 May 1975
610,577
7,096
English
Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limboo, Manger, Mukhia, Newari,
Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu IN-TN TN
Chennai
130,058
Tamil English

26 January 1950

Telangana IN-TG TS
HyderabadNote 1
114,840[35] Telugu, Urdu[36]

72,147,030

2 June 2014 35,193,978[35]

Tripura
IN-TR TR
Agartala
21 January 1972
10,492
Bengali, Kokborok, English

3,673,917

Uttar Pradesh
IN-UP UP
Lucknow
Kanpur
199,812,341
243,286
Hindi Urdu

26 January 1950

Uttarakhand
IN-UT UK
10,086,292 53,483

DehradunNote 2
9 November 2000
Hindi Sanskrit[37]

West Bengal
IN-WB
91,276,115 88,752
Odia, Punjabi

WB
Kolkata
26 January 1950
Bengali, Nepali[b] Hindi, Urdu, Santhali,

^Note 1 Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a
residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014.[38][39][40] Hyderabad, located
entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as joint capital for both
states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.[41]
^Note 2 Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttarakhand. The town of
Gairsain is envisaged as the state's new capital.

Union territories
Union territory
ISO 3166-2:IN
Largest city Population[30]
(km2)

Vehicle code
Area

Capital

Official

languages[31]

Additional official

languages[31]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Hindi, English

IN-AN AN

Port Blair

Chandigarh IN-CH CH

Chandigarh [c] 1,055,450

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Gujarati
Marathi

IN-DN DN

Silvassa

380,581
114

343,709

243,247

English
491

Hindi,

Daman and Diu

IN-DD DD
Gujarati, Hindi, English[d]

Daman

Delhi IN-DL DL
Urdu[42]

New Delhi

[e] 16,787,941 1,490 Hindi Punjabi,

Lakshadweep
Hindi

IN-LD LD

Kavaratti

64,473

Puducherry IN-PY PY
Pondicherry 1,247,953
Malayalam, Telugu
See also

492

112

8,249

32

Konkani,

English

Tamil, English

Autonomous regions of India

Emblems of Indian States
ISO 3166-2:IN
List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India
List of states and union territories of India by population
List of states in India by past population
List of states of India by wildlife population
List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies
Subdivisions of India
List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)

Notes

Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all
purposes in the District, Sub-Division and Block level offices of the State
Government located in the Districts of Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.
Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong subdivisions of Darjeeling district.
Chandigarh is both a city and a union territory.
It has also been informed that the communication with States/Centre has to
be made in Hindi/English.

Delhi is both a city and a union territory.

References

"Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union

shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to
make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State
shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State
has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position
when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or
of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its
respective legislative power." Territoriality of executive powers of states in
India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998
Krishna Reddy (2003). Indian History. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07048369-8.
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass
Publishers. ISBN 81-208-0436-8.
Romila Thapar. A History of India: Part 1.
G. Bongard-Levin. A History of India: Volume 1.
Gupta Dynasty - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 31 October 2009.
"India - Historical Setting - The Classical Age - Gupta and Harsha".
Historymedren.about.com. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric
times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University
Press. p. 239. ISBN 0-19-560686-8.
Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: From Sultanate To The Mughals. p. 202.
"Regional states, c. 17001850". Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc.
Grewal, J. S. (1990). "Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (17991849)". The Sikh
empire (17991849). The New Cambridge History of India. The Sikhs of the
Punjab. Cambridge University Press.
"Article 1". Constitution of India.
"Reorganisation of states" (PDF). Economic Weekly. Retrieved 31 December
2015.
"Map of Madras Presidency in 1909". Retrieved 15 October 2013.
"Article 1". Constitution of India. Law Ministry, GOI. Retrieved 31 December
2015.
J.C. Aggarwal, S.P. Agrawal (1995). Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future.
New DElhi: Concept Publishing. pp. 8990.

"Nagaland History & Geography-Source". india.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June

2013.
"Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan" (PDF). Retrieved 17 June 2013.
"The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966" (PDF). india.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June
2013.
"State map of India". Travel India guide. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
"Snapshot of North Eastern States" (PDF). thaibicindia.in. Retrieved 17
February 2016.
"About Sikkim". Official website of the Government of Sikkim. Retrieved 15
June 2009.
"Goa Chronology". goaonline.in. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
"Official Website of Government of Jharkhand". Jharkhand.gov.in. Retrieved 17
June 2013.
"Chhattisgarh state - History". Cg.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
Chopra, Jasi Kiran (2 January 2007). "Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand, BJP cries
foul". Times of India. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
"About Us: Uttarakhand Government Portal, India". Uk.gov.in. 9 November
2000. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
"The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014" (PDF). Ministry of law and
justice, Government of India. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
"Telangana bill passed by upper house". The Times of India. Retrieved 20
February 2014.
"List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011".
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to June 2013)" (pdf). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of
Minority Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
"Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. 28
January 2010.
"Punjabi gets second language status in Haryana". Zee news. 28 January
2010.
http://ierj.in/journal/index.php/ierj/article/viewFile/386/364

"Telangana State Profile" (PDF). Telangana government portal. p. 34.

Retrieved 11 June 2014.
"Urdu Gets First Language Status".
"Sanskrit: reviving the language in todays India - Livemint".
"Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State". The
Times Of India. 2 June 2014.
"The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014" (PDF).
Ministry of Law and Justice. Government of India. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 23
April 2014.
"The Gazette of India : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2014 Subsection" (PDF). 4 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
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Facts". NDTV.

"Official Language Act 2000" (PDF). Government of Delhi. 2 July 2003.

Retrieved 17 July 2015.

External links

Maps of the Historical Territorial Evolution of the States of India

Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories

[show]

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States and union territories of India

[show]

vte

Geography of India
[show]

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Articles on first-level administrative divisions of Asian countries

Categories:

States and territories of India-related listsLists of subdivisions of

IndiaCountry subdivisions of AsiaFirst-level administrative country
subdivisionsIndia-related listsStates and territories of India

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