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1. KEY TO SOME IMPORTANT BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL GENERA

( Chusman ?.)
1. a. Wall agglutinated ................................................................................................... 2)
b. Wall calcareous, imperforate; adult externally agglutinated ................................ 21)
c. Wall calcareous, perforate .................................................................................... 33)
2. a. Test low trochospiral .......................................................................... Trochammina
b. If not, please going to ............................................................................................ 3)
3. a. Test planispiral ....................................................................................................... 4)
b. Test not planispiral ................................................................................................. 5)
4. a. Chambers completely involute .............................................................. Cyclammina
b. Chambers evolute, test discoidal .......................................................... Ammodiscus
5. a. Chambers arrangement milioline ......................................................................... 22)
b. If not , please going to ........................................................................................... 6)
6. a. Biserial to Uniserial ............................................................................................... 7)
b. Biserial ................................................................................................................... 9)
c. Triserial or multiserial ........................................................................................... 16)
7. a. Early stage biserial, later uniserial, aperture terminal and rounded ......... Bigenerina
b. Early stage trochospiral, via triserial and biserial reduced to uniserial; test cylindrical, aperture
terminal (arcuate) slit bordered by a lip ...................................................... Martinotiella
c. Early stage triserial, at least early stage triangular in section ................................. 8)
8. a. Rounded terminal aperture with tooth ....................................................... Clavulina
b. Terminal aperture without tooth ................................................................... Tritaxia
9. a. The test is biserial througt .................................................................................... 10)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 11)
10. a. Aperture basal, low arch .................................... Textularia or juvenille Bigenerina
b. Aperture terminal, rounded, on a short neck .................................... Siphotextularia
11. a. Early stage triserial, often triangular ........................................................ Gaudryina
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 12)
12. a. Early stage planispiral, later portion biserial ........................................................ 13)
b. Early stage trochospiral, four or more chambers in each whorls, later reduced to biserial. 14)
13. a. Test begining with a well developed planispiral coil ...................... Spiroplectamina
b. Test begining with a very small planispiral coil of a few chambers ......... Textularia (microspheric)
14. a. Aperture a basal slit .................................................................................... Dorothia
b. Aperture terminal, bordered by a lip or on short neck ......................................... 15)
15. a. Terminal aperture rounded (bordered by lip, or on a short neck) ........... Karreriella
b. Aperture elongate slit, often arch-like .................................................. Martinotiella
16. a. At least the earliest part is trochospiral (4-5 chambers in each worl) .................. 17)
b. Initial part is triserial, test often triangular in section .......................................... 18)
17. a. Aperture a basal slit ................................................................................... Eggerella
b. Test cylindrical, aperture terminal elongate slit, with a bordering ....... Martinotiella (juvenile)
18. a. Aperture with tooth .............................................................................................. 19)
b. Aperture without tooth ......................................................................................... 20)
19. a. Aperture basal, test triserial throught, later portion may have more than 3 chambers to
whorl ...... ........................................................................................................................ Valvulina
b. Aperture terminal ...................................................................... Clavulina (juvenile)
20. a. Test triangular, sharp angles, nearly carinate, aperture a low basal arch .Verneulina
b. Aperture not a low arch, periphery less sharp .......................................... Gaudryina
21. a. Test (externally) agglutinated .............................................................................. 22)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 23)
22. a. Chambers arrangement quinqueloculine ........................................ Quinqueloculina
b. Chambers arrangement triloculine .......................................................... Triloculina
c. Chambers arrangement sigmoiline ........................................................ Sigmoilopsis
d. Chambers arrangement quinqueloculine in the initial stage, later becoming
biloculine (evolute) .......................................................................................... Massilina
23. a. Aperture with a broad, flat tooth or flap, partially closing it ................................ 24)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 25)
24. a. Chambers arrangement quinqueloculine ................................................... Scutuloris
b. Chambers arrangement triloculine .......................................................... Miliolinella
c. Chambers arrangement biloculine ........................................................ Biloculinella
d. Chambers arrangement biloculine in the initial stage, later becoming planispiral
with 3 chambers per whorl, increasing to 5 or 6 .................................. Nummoloculina
25. a. Test discoidal ....................................................................................................... 26)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 29)
26. a. Test composed of a globular proloculus followed by an undivided, planispiral coiled tubular second
chamber, at least partially evolute ................................................................. Cyclogyra

27.

28.

29.

30.
31.
32.

33.
34.
35.

36.
37.

38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

43.
44.
45.
46.

b. Test composed of numerous small chambers, arranged in annular series ............ 27)
c. Test planispiral coiled, with very broad chambers ................................................ 28)
a. Test in a later stage composed of a single layer of annular chamber, a single row of aperture at the
periphery ........................................................................................................... Sorites
b. Test in a later stage composed of double layer of annular chambers, a double row of aperture at the
periphery .................................................................................................. Amphisorus
a. Test planispirally coiled, later portion may be uncoiling. Chambers very broad, mostly longitudinally
striate. Aperture a single row of slits along the apertural face ...................... Peneroplis
b. Test planispiral, involute, later becoming evolute, aperture a double row of pores on the apertural
face ............................................................................................................... Archaias
a. Chambers arrangement quinqueloculine ......................................... Quinqueloculina
b. Chambers arrangement triloculine ........................................................................ 30)
c. Chambers arrangement biloculine, all chambers visible from outside .....Spiroloculina
d. Chambers arrangement biloculine,only the last two chambers visible from outside 31)
e. Chambers arrangement sigmoiline ............................................................ Sigmoilina
f. Other chambers arrangement ................................................................................ 32)
a. Aperture with normal (simple of bifid) tooth ............................................... Triloculina
b. Aperture with a cruciform or dentritic tooth ........................................... Cruciloculina
a. Aperture with normal (simple of bifid) tooth ..................................................... Pyrgo
b. Aperture with an Y or X shape tooth ........................................................... Pyrgoella
a. Chambers arrangement quinqueloculine in early stage, later becoming evolute
biloculine ....................................................................................................................... Massilina
b. Chambers arrangement in early stage milioline, later uniserial ................... Articulina
c. Test consisting of a globular proloculus followed by evolute planispiral chamber arrangement;
chambers gradually decreasing to half a whorl in length ...........................Opthalmidium
a. Test consist of one chamber ................................................................................. 34)
b. Test consist of more chambers ............................................................................. 36)
a. Aperture on elongate neck with a lip ............................................................. Lagena
b. Aperture not on a neck ......................................................................................... 35)
a. Aperture rounded, may have radiate grooves, entosolenian tube projecting into the
test ...................................................................................................................... Oolina
b. Aperture slit-like, or rounded in the centre of a slit-like cavity; entosolenian tube projecting into the
test .................................................................................................................. Fissurina
c. Aperture slit-like or arched with overhanging hoodlike extention of chamber wall; entosolenian tube
projecting into the test ............................................................................... Parafissurina
a. Aperture radiate .................................................................................................... 37)
b. Aperture not radiate ............................................................................................. 47)
a. Chambers arrangement uniserial throughout ....................................................... 38)
b. Chambers arrangement uniserial only in the last stage ........................................ 42)
c. Chambers arrangement along a curved axis, or planispiral .................................. 45)
d. Chambers arrangement otherwise ........................................................................ 46)
a. Test straight, rectilinear ........................................................................................ 39)
b. Test elongate, arcuate .......................................................................................... 41)
c. Test elongate or palmate, strongly flattened, chambers are formed low and broad ... Frondicularia
a. Test rounded in section ........................................................................................ 40)
b. Test compressed or ovate in section ........................................................ Vaginulina
a. Sutures oblique ..................................................................................................... 41)
b. Sutures perpendicular to axis of test ........................ Nodosaria or Pseudonodosaria
a. Asymetrical terminal aperture .................................................................... Dentalina
b. Asymetrical terminal aperture, early stage slightly coiled ........................ Marginulina
a. Initial stage biserial, changing to uniserial, sutures limbate .......... Plectofrondicularia
b. Initial stage biserial often becoming uniserial; chambers strongly overlapping, aperture with
entosolenian tube ........................................................................................ Glandulina
c. Initial stage planispiral (coiled along curved axis); sharp break between this and uniserial
part ................................................................................................................ Amphicoryna
d. Initial stage planispiral, gradually uncoilling ....................................................... 43)
a. Test strongly compressed, carinate margins ............................................. Planularia
b. Test triangular in section ....................................................................... Saracenaria
c. Test ovate or rounded in section .......................................................................... 44)
a. Test roud in section, early chambers planispiral whorl ...................... Marginulinopsis
b. Test ovate and compressed in section, early chambers planispiral whorl ............. Vaginulinopsis
a. Test strongly compressed, the low and broad chambers are added along a curved axis. Astocolus
b. Test a true planispiral, rarely slightly trochoid, periphery angled or keeled ...................Lenticulina
a. Chambers biserially arrenged, twisted; sigmoiline in early stage .......... Polymorphina

47.

48.

49.

50.
51.

52.
53.

54.
55.

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.

b. Chambers arrengement quinqueloculine, 3 chambers visible on one side, and two on the
other ...................................................................................................................... Globulina
c. Chambers arrengement quinqueloculine, 4 chambers visible on one side, and 3 on the
other ........................................................................................................................ Guttulina
d. Chambers arrengement biserial (often becoming uniserial in later stage) chambers strongly
overlapping, aperture with entosolenian tube .............................................. Glandulina
a. Test planispiral, or very weakly trochoid ............................................................. 48)
b. Chamber biserially arrenged, the alternating chambers are planispiral coiled ..... 54)
c. Test biserial, triserial or multiserial ...................................................................... 55)
d. Test trochospiral .................................................................................................. 66)
e. Chambers arrangement otherwise ........................................................................ 96)
a. Test planispiral, two chambers to whorl, chambers strongly embracing previous ones (only a basal
segmen of penultime chambers visible), aperture a basal slit ........................hilostomella
b. Test planoconvex, chambers composed of a larger ventral portion and a smaller dorsal portion
separated by a thin plate representing a prolongation of the very wide kell...... Laticarinina
c. If not please going to ............................................................................................ 49)
a. Test totally planispiral (two side equal) ............................................................... 50)
b. Test slightly trochoid, at one side the final chamber is overhanging the umbilical region, sometimes
forming a distinct flap ................................................................................ Nonionella
c. Test slightly trochoid, final chamber not overhanging the umbilicus .................. 68)
a. The test show a retral processes across the chamber sutures .................... Elphidium (see also
Cribrononion, Cribroelphidium)
b. If not please going to ........................................................................................... 51)
a. Chambers evolute on both sides, primary aperture ovate or slit-like, basal (at the periphery);
secondary apertures elongate, slit-like, in the upper part of the chambers (paralleling the kell) at one
side of the test ................................................................................................ Almaena
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 52)
a. Aperture a basal slit extending from the umbilicus from one side to the opposite one, 3 to 6 chambers
in the final whorl ............................................................................................... Pullenia
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 53)
a. Umbilical region covered by backward projecting non porous umbilical flap, which partially cover the
chamber sutures, and together from a stelliform pattern . Astrononion
b. No stelliform structure in the umbilicus ........................................................ Nonion
(see also Floricus, Melonis, Protelphidium)
a. Test laterally compressed, completely coiled ... Cassidulina (see also Islandiella, ..Globocassidulina)
b. Test somewhat uncoiling, compressed perpendicular to the plane of coiling .........Ehrenbergina
a. Test multiserial (more than 3 chambers per whorl) ............................................. 56)
b. Test uniserial throughout ..................................................................................... 57)
c. Test basically triserial, eventually reducing to biserial or uniserial ..................... 58)
d. Test basically biserial, eventually reducing to uniserial ...................................... 63)
a. Between 3 and 4 chambers to whorls, aperture a small basal arch in the final chamber.... Turrilina
b. Many to 4 chambers to whorl, few whorls, aperture loop-shaped .......... Buliminella
a. Aperture terminal, often at the end of a neck ....................................... Stilostomella
b. Aperture terminal, with a projecting hood, two small teeth on the opposite side....... Pleurostomella
a. Aperture terminal, rounded, at the end of a neck ................................................. 59)
b. Aperture without a neck, often loop-shaped ........................................................ 60)
a. Test rouded in section, triserial troughout, sometimes in a later stage becoming biserial (see
Hopkinsina) or uniserial (see Rectuvigerina) .................................................. Uvigerina
b. Test triangular in section, triserial troughout ..................................... Trifarina (seealso angulogerina)
a. Test triserial throughout ....................................................................................... 61)
b. Test triseral in early stage (at least in microspheric generation), later with a twisted biserial
development, aperture loop-shaped ............................................................ Stainforthia
a. Test triangular in section, aperture basal .................................................... Reussella
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 62)
a. Aperture terminal, loop-shaped, often with extending tooth plate ............... Bulimina
b. Aperture loop-shaped, chambers strongly overlapping the previous ones...........Globobulimina
a. Test regularly biserial throughout ........................................................................ 64)
b. Test at least in early stage (strongly) twisted biserial .......................................... 65)
c. Early stage biserial, later uniserial, aperture terminal, rounded, with a short neck ....Siphogenerina
a. Aperture a narrow elongate loop on chamber face ...................................... Bolivina
b. Test quadrate in section (4 carinae), tendency to uniseriality; sutures arched, limbate; aperture
terminal, slit-like to ovate ................................. ............. Loxostomum
a. Test twisted biserial, later more typically biserial; aperture elongate, narrow, extending upface of final
chamber .................................. ..................... Fursenkoina
b. Test twisted biserial throughout, aperture loop-shaped in chamber face .Stainforthia

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66. a. Primary aperture peripheral, eventually extending onto the spiral and or umbilical side... 67)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 73)
67. a. Test a low trochospiral, nearly planispiral ........................................................... 68)
b. Test trochospiral .................................................................................................. 69)
68. a. Test with a very wide keel .................................................... Laticarinina (see 48-b)
b. Aperture a peripheral arch extending somewhat to the ventral side, test discoidal,
compresssed ................................................................................................... Planulina
c. Aperture a peripheral arch, slightly asymetrical (overhanging to the ventral side),
no apertural extensions ................................................................................ Anomalina
d. Aperture a peripheral arch, with low slits extending beneath small chambers flaps
on both sides of the test discoidal compressed ............................................... Hyalinea
69. a. Test planoconvex ................................................................................................. 70)
b. Test not planoconvex ........................................................................................... 71)
70. a. Dorsal side with elevated flaps on lower margin of chambers, partially or completely overlapping
chambers of previous whorl; aperture peripheral arch extending under flaps on dorsal
side . .............................................................................. Hanzawaia
b. No chamber flaps on dorsal side ................................................................ Cibicides
71. a. Aperture not extending onto the dorsal side ........................... Anomalina (see 68-c)
b. Aperture extending onto the dorsal side .............................................................. 72)
72. a. Aperture a low with a narrow bordering lip, extending along spiral suture ..Anomalinoides
b. Aperture a peripheral arch extending along spiral suture ........................... Cibicides
(see also Cibidoides, Heterolepa)
73. a. Periphery with a fimbriate keel, aperture at the periphery, oval, on a short neck andwith a distinct
lip ...................................................................................................................... Siphonina
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 74)
74. a. Imperforate field above umbilicus ....................................................................... 75)
b. No imperforate field above umbilicus ................................................................. 77)
75. a. Chamber extentions into the umbilical area ......................................................... 76)
b. No chamber extentions into the umbilical area ........................................... Baggina
76. a. Extention of last chamber (apertural lip) almost completely covering umbilical region,large
imperforate field above umbilicus .................................................................... Cancris
b. Broad chambers flaps projecting over the umbilicus (if not broken off); flaps of previous chambers
often remain partially visible, imperforate field above umbilicus not always distinct . Valvulineria
77. a. Umbilical surface with irregular granules along the (often excavated) sutures and over the umbilical
region; often with an umbilical plug which is broken up in adult specimens ..........78)
b. Less irregular ventral surface ............................................................................... 79)
78. a. Three prominent spines radiating from the test .................................... Asterorotalia
b. Well developed secondary openings along the chamber sutures at the ventral side, outside the
umbilical region .............................................................................................. Buccella
c. No prominent spines or distinct secondary openings ..................... Amonia or Rotalia
79. a. Test with secondary chambers, or chambers split up into segments .................... 80)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 83)
80. a. Test a high trochospiral with several chambers in each whorl, each chamber divided by an infolding of
the wall; one triangular secondary aperture at the dorsal side (between the last two chambers, where
internal partition meets chamber suture) ................................................................... 81)
b. Large biconvex multi chambered from (more then ten chambers to whorl) basal slit-like aperture
surrounded by a granulate area, chambers on ventral side split up into chamberlets.. Amphistegina
c. Test with secondary chambers at the ventral side forming a stelliform pattern, less than ten chambers
to whorl ..................................................................................................... 82)
81. a. Primary aperture one elongate loop-shaped opening extending up face of final chamber Robertina
b. Primary aperture consisting of two divergent slits,one up face of final chamber, and one aperture of
previous whorl .................................................................................... Robertinoides
82. a. Convex ventral side, dorsal side almost flat, no umbilical plug ............ Asterigerina
b. Convex dorsal side, ventral side almost flat, no umbilical plug ......... Asterigerinata
83. a. Test with flaplike structures (imperforate) in the umbilical region ...................... 84)
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 88)
84. a. Concavo-convex form, chambers lunate, last chamber at the ventral side occupies a large part of the
test, distinct flap with aprtural openings at both of it, aperture of earlier chambers remain
open .................................................................................................................. Neoconorbia
b. If not please going to ........................................................................................... 85)
85. a. The umbilicus is open .......................................................................................... 86)
b. The umbilicus is closed by flap-like structures (if not broken off) ........................ 87)
86. a. Distinct flaps in umbilicus, primary aperture a basal arch near the periphery .Rosalina
b. Very small flaps in umbilicus, primary aperture a low slit restricted to mid-portion of the apertural face
(Gyroidina) or extending from periphery to umbilicus ....(Gyroidinoides)

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87. a. Extensions of basal portions of the chambers into the umbilicus, flusing and totally
closing the umbilicus ..................................................................................... Discorbis
b. Broad chambers flaps projecting over the umbilicus ............................ Valvulineria
88. a. Secondary apertures developed outside the umbilicus region .............................. 89)
b. No secondary apertures outside the umbilicus region ......................................... 91)
89. a. Secondary aperture at the periphery, over the complete breath of the chambers ....... Hoeglundina
b. Secondary aperture only at the ventral side, along the chamber sutures, outside the umbilical
region ......................................................................................................................... Bucella
c. Primary aperture bipartitioned, or two separate openings, one part of basal split, the other part a split
extending up the apertural face ................................................................. Osangularia
d. Secondary apertures dorsal or dorsal as well as ventral ....................................... 90)
90. a. Secondary apertures at the dorsal side at the junction of spiral and chamber sutures, at the ventral
side at the mid-point of the sinuate sutures .................................................. Oridorsalis
b. Only one secondary aperture at the dorsal of the test, triangular, at the basis of the last
chamber ................................................................................................................................. 91)
91. a. Test with a prominent plug in the umbilicus ........................................ Gavelinopsis
b. No umbilical plug ................................................................................................... 92)
92. a. Test distincly planoconvex, last chamber ventrally occuping most of the test......Lamarckiana
b. If not, please going to .......................................................................................... 93)
93. a. Primary aperture a vertical elongate slit up chamber face ................................... 94)
b. Primary aperture arch-like ................................................................................... 95)
c. Primary aperture bipartitioned, or two separate openings, one part a basal split, theother part a split
extending up the apertural face ................................................................. Osangularia
d. Primary aperture a basal split extending from periphery to umbilicus .. Gyroidinoides
94. a. Aperture near and parallel to periphery ............................................... Epistominella
b. Aperture umbilical, elongate slit, in a groove, extending up face of final chamber on umbilical
side .................................................................................. Ceratobulimina
c. Aperture a low slit restricted to the mid-portion of the apertural face, very flaps in
umbilicus ....................................................................................................... Gyroidina
95. a. Aperture a basal split, laying in an unfolded area .................................... Alabamina
b. Aperture not in an unfolded area ................................................................ Eponides
c. If not, please going to ........................................................................................... 96)
96. a. Test subglobular, chambers hemisphaerical, strongly embracing, aperture an arch-likeslit, near suture
................................................................................................................. Sphaeroidina
b. Test in early stage trochospiral, alter with numerous chambers forming a discoidal test . Planorbulina.

Deskripsi Genus-genus foraminifera bentos yang kosmopolitan pada endapan Neogen di Indonesia:
Ammonia : test calcareous, low trochospiral 3-4 putaran, suture slightly curved, thicknes, depressed on
umbilical side, umbilical surface with irregular granulanes along suture and over umbilical region,
umbilicus with open umbilical fissure and plug.
Anomalinella: test planispiral involute; lenticular; wall coarse perfotare with peripheral keel; aperture low,
rounded interomarginal arch, bordered by lip.
Anomallina: test low trochospiral or nearly planispiral; spiral side with umbonal bos, oppsite site with
depressed umbilicus; aperture interomarginal equatorial opening extending to umbilical side.
Asterorotalia: test trochospiral, biconvex, with 3 prominent slender spine radiating from test, margin
carinate.
Bigenerina: early test biserial become uniserial, wall aglutinanted; aperture terminal rounded.
Bolivina: biserial, retral processes, aperture narrow elongate loop up chamber face with toothplate
Bulimina: triserial, aperture bentuk koma
Cancris: test trochospiral; biconvex; elongated and auriculte in shape; chamber rapidly enlarging; may have
peripheral keel and apertural lip. ( differs from Baggina in being more elongated, evolute in spiral
side, keeled and in having an open umbilicus and an apertural lip)
Cassidulina: biserial terputar; lenticular; aperture elongated slit curve pararel to anterior margin of chamber
with narrow lip
Cellanthus: seperti elphidium tetapi mempunyai biumbilical bos
Cibicides: low trochospiral; dorsal flat; umbilical convex; peripheri angular with keel
Cyclamina: test palnispiral involute; wall aglutinant; wall and septa strongly labyrinthic; aperture equatorial
slit and numerous pore scatered over face.
Dentalina: test elongate; arcuate; uniserial; suture oblique; aperture radiate, terminal
Discorbis: test trochospiral biconvex; plano-convex; flatened on umbilical side; periphery angled; umbilical
with flap; primary aperture extraumbilical, secondary sutural opening at opposide of chamber flap
Elpidium: test planispiral involute; chamber numerous with retral processes; wall calcareous; surface
commonly with groves or ridges pararelling periphery.
Fissurina: test rounded or ovate in outline; compressed trigonal or tetragonal in section, and may keeled,
surface smooth, costate, beaded; aperture slitlike to oval or rounded
Florilus: test planispiral bbut may be asymetrical, involute; chambers increasing rapidly in breadth and
thickness resulting in flaring test; aperture narrow equatorial opening.
Frondicularia: test elongated or palmae; flatened; chamber low broad and equitant; suture strongly arched
or angled at center of test; aperture terminal radiate may have short neck.
Gyroidina: test trochospiral, planoconvex; periphery rounded to subtruncate; primary aperture a low
interomarginal slit restricted to mid-portion of apertural face bordered by narrow lip.
Haplophragmoides: test planispiral involute; wall aglutinanted; aperture equatorial slit.
Heterolepa: test trochospiral, planoconve; periphery bluntly angled, may have keel; slowly enlargering
chamber; aperture interomarginal slitlike at extraumblical to peripheri on spiral side.
Hoeglundina: test trochospiral, lenticular, perpheri angular to carinete; umbilical area closed; suture
thickened may be elevated; aperture lateromarginal opening pararelling pheriphery on umbilical side.
Lagena: test unilocular (monothalamus), rarely 2 or more chambers; aperture on elongated neck which may
have phyaline lip, not radiate.
Lenticulina: test planispiral; lenticular; biumbonate; aperture radial at peripheral angle
Marginulina: early portion coiled but not completly enroled as in Marginulinopsis later rectilinear; suture
oblique; aperture dorsal angled
Melonis: test early stage slitghly trochospiral, adult planispiral simetri and involute; biumbilicate with
umbilicus bordered by rim; perihery broadly rounded; apertural face, septa and umbilical thickened rim
imperforate; aperture equatorial slit extending to umbilical in both side.
Nodosaria: test multilocular; rectilinear; rounded in section; aperture terminal,central basically radiate may
be produce on neck
Oolina: test single globular to ovate chamber; aperture rounded and may have radiating groves surrounding
aperture on exterior.
Oridorsalis: test trochospiral, lenticular; periphery carinate; suture radial in spiral side and strongly sinusoid
in umbilical side.
Planulina: test low trochospiral, discoidal; peripheri truncate with thick marginal imperforate keel; suture
strongly arched, thickened, nonperforate; aperture an equatorial arch with narrow bordering lip.
Pseudorotalia: test trochospiral, periphery acute with imperforate keel; chambers with imperforate umbilical
lips confined to radial sector and with imperforate plate-like extentions formed by each succeding
chamber lamella covering umbilical area; cameral aperture interiomarginal on umbilical side, apertual
lip forming interomarginal labial aperture at inner umbilical side of chambers ( it differ from Ammonia
in having sutural canals on both spiral and umbilical side and lacking umbilical labial apertures)
Pullenia: test planispiral involute, spheroidal to compresed; suture radial; wall calcarous finelly perforate;
aperture a narrow crescentric intromarginal slit extending nearly from umbilicus on one side to that
opposite.

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Pyrgo: test inflated, discoidal to ovate; chambers in final stage biloculine arranged; wall calcarous
porcelenous; aperture terminal, rounded to elongated with distinc bifid tooth.
Quinqueloculina: test coiled in quinqueloculine manner, wall calcarous, porceleneous; aperture
terminal,rounded with simple or bifid tooth.
Sphaeroidina: test subglobular; wall finely perforate;
Spiroloculina: test with flattened side and lanceolate or fusiform in outline; chamber in late stage biloculine;
wall calcarous, porceleneous; aperture at open end of final chamber with simple or bifid tooth.
Siphonina: test trochospiral, biconvex, lenticular, peripheri commonly with fimbriate keel; aperture oval
bordered by distinc lip and projecting on neck.
Textularia: test biserial; wall aglutinanted; aperture single low arch at the base of chamber
Triloculina: test early coiled in quinqueloculine, later become triloculine; wall calcarous, porceleneous;
aperture terminal with bifid tooth
Trochammina: test trochospiral; wall aglutinated; aperture interomarginal
Uvigerina: triserial; aperture rounded with nonperforate neck may have phialine lip
Vaginulina: test straight to arcuate as in Dentalina but compressed or ovate in section; aperture dorsal
angled, radiate.
Vulvulina: biformed test, early biserial later uniserial, flaring or elongates in outline, lateral margin acutely
angled; chambers rapidly increasing in size; wall aglutinated; aperture in uniserial stage elongate, narrow
terminal slit.