EDMUND HUSSERL COLLECTED WORKS YouUME leas Pri ing 10a Pe Phenomenology an es Phenomenological Philosophy "ean ko Book Phenomenol a the Foundations ofthe Scenes, tae Por ining Pare Phenomenology and toa Phenomenologca! Philosophy of Fst Boo Genta Inroduton to Phenomenology an bins les Pertaining (0 Pure Phenomenology and {2.2 Phenomenclogcal Philosophy 7 Sox Book Sti inte Promega EDMUND HUSSERL IDEAS PERTAINING TO A PURE PHENOMENOLOGY AND TO A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY StcoND Boox ‘STUDIES IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY ‘OF CONSTITUTION RICHARD ROICEWICZ ANo ANDRE SCHUWER KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERSISBN 0-1923-0713-5 papers) Pedy we: cn aie ‘ees Acad abies Sepang mows Rel Maris it De W Jn nd TP es Send rae eS. Con ty Klwe cade Pts Tai ite Rare Aas, USA ‘ny Kise aden Pushes Grup. Bou 32S AH Donec THe Nero, All Rights Reserved a SIE S entee SETS Ty pe mre tere Sie a eee re Sar can esemes CONTENTS: SECOND BOOK STUDIES IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY (OF CONSTITUTION Section One “The Constitution of Material Nature Se" Felis denen cons of ue nn sper (Chon feat pee) pp Remora ae a Pe ERE sos andpepwon neato! ed rene 5. Sjonmnay ne pe aca and mc 6 como s,s ee ein ai ie 1 Sioning td eerie Ye ene ema conte bes » $5. Cher an seb tna" ses ® So een tn g 47. Sota ndHIS The senso mou Gabo) 10" Pheconensopa nar oe gc oe © Sil emi th gy yf ee 116 he coma of he Pop tig mi eos v7 Sa an 18 The eijne cone. sf te conn fhe Ih: be non he Ope acl in Thee gulch eal ng he Senden 1 ThoplCac e nof pehacentn xc ©) Tesi opti edna fhe varie 9 ef nme Gis a ee 5) The pouty he corn fn "Obie ma at Ie a feng epee Section Two ‘The Constitution of Animal Nature fin Theme a he crn ster Spe E21 the cme Stas pre Hes Eroate 5. The puny cep he pe ao Eee w BC Ria he pe Eo to 5 raf a oa Ob mn BENS) Mata pao te cont of he emo’ pre 21 Ti i cote in ncn Ob ep Heb at 4 Ere ii ig in: eit 0 Tae vt pene te va {51 The oral ra oe fy m $5, Paedanet diene teen marl ci ay SE ED. Mow pene drat oe cnet of a i $51 NL Tenn eet abe oe 435. tanton te sty oe comitn af ma bate” 18 156 thao at ey op be abe ear ate fe 1 Dee tee oribnetar mars mewn 8 [8 Sipatane othe Boy fre osteo por Ove turin te og props the By rs Co Ry goa ee Dotted sem feton 8) Peay em ape a he ey 16 40 Chom oe ad col nly ‘s Yi Pratt eee re ES, Rema pty pe Coral fi i aed 46 Sate fc Gr the sinner “Tk 40. Eng ate cept at iSecon Te onan mnt ie of The Constante Spl Wort , etka e senein 2 $8 te " gbetee tia Setanta 3 vw hig ae 1 nti » eum Pesala sw mciar 7 oy ERI vc % so: Ee i i inn = 9) Temporataton of the psychic (manent time and space AeA mee ora sone geome tetas I Seppemens ie Rees ae & = Hie motos S comnts sagt unto mtn 39 2 Esa a ini Sham ipeesecsetwctanaon Se ae i tt misma garcrmnarer = EER SANT! oo ig Sir rte mete = imac 2 Seeman tpt » 1) Auden = etiam a SSurmenen Xi Penonal Ego and surounding worth 233)—The 2 fica eta ae 3 Senate reercne 2 St rs Sg ae i motnatins eee oy Suerowene XI: The as eg apelin a indies 1 Reon em a in ei Surman XIl;_Sapgment Seon Tre u 1 May aad penta compen iy pling” eo a ee el os and ce ae! * si a Nt “ 4:9, pas end ca ie of eae sap 2, Sanya pei ta te x (a Eco ctemettem ann S Ecos 5 iS hip eumeacae ere sbe Cae Ente ihe eyo te oa fhe ama ss praca acy an akong comms fas 2902 Romeempet emt i SSS gt Reo 410 he opal cole opelgcaly ad aca es eee sn. sie hemes at i ine Sumewens XU: “Ren sty" as ht hoe TRANSLATORS’ INTRODUCTION ‘Asis made plain in the citeal apparatus and editorial mater appended tothe orginal German publeation of Hoss’ ideas TP this ip a text with & history Ke underwent revision afer ‘evision, spanning slmost 20 years in one of the most fertile ‘peviows ofthe philosophers life, The Book owes is form tothe Mork of many hands, and is unity i one that has been imposed Dorit. Yer there f nothing hee tht cannot be taced back to Hsserl himself. Indsed, the inal lean copy" for publication, prepared by an asstant, was completly reviewed bythe master three times and emended by him in deal on each occasion ‘Nevertheless, inthe end the work was i fact not submited for publication and alter Huse pen last touched the manwscrpt In 1938 t was set aside ont posthumously edited and published by the Huser Archives in 1982 “The sory of the composion of Ideas 11 begins with the «pene manaseript of 1912. This i the timate textal ‘souree for both Ideas 7 and fear IT has been preserved 35 2 Tio of sets n ery dense shorthand of the Gabelsberest System, writen movty with a penal Tt was composed by Huser “in one stroke” immediately after the completion of Tian ese er rie Pinan an pina ‘sg Zocer ek aon mare Ai Pinch Nene Te rape tne Niu 8 ern Sa aes a ones Poem pan Php bes Bet” De Pmemngs eteandmene We reel Me mee Hap, Maras Mt 182 eerie Psp nsloe O K o08 waa ean tie een anne peng py hed Bak Pw eff ri a in i ed{he fst Book ofthe Ideas! The manuscript i divided into two prs, corresponding perfectly to the plan forthe second Book 45 announced in the Tist. Eventual, however, the fis part {che consttatve analyses) was greatly expanded and became Yolume on it otn, Ides I, while the son part (stadis in Scientific theory). became. without further reson, the tex of Tas I, also publishes posthumous In 1915, Huse elaborated and e-erote, again in shorthand, the fist half ofthe penll manasript, approximately doubling in size, Ths folio bears a tile page withthe inscription Ideas TH” and includes the remark, ~ My revision and basis for Mis Stein." The fist page mentions that the wetings stem from lecture courses of 1913 and 1915 (dealing withthe problems of constitution). In fact, the editor of the. published. version Indicates that already a conglomeration of diverse witings ean ‘sce in this folio, sit contin studies from various context some dating back as early 25 1908 In 1916, Edith Stein, as Husser's assistant, completed her first redaction of the ‘manusenpt. For the most part this ‘consisted merely of transerbing into longhand the fli of 1915 and parc of the penell manuseript_ She transrbod the entre second half ofthe later, and this became the tex of Idee I. "The Fist redaction by Stein and the texts on which i was based relate only tothe Fest and second sections of Ideas I. Section thre, on the constitution of the world of spit, has its source in the socalled "H-foio.” This is a manuscript in Hiasert's longhand, daing from 1913. In addition, the text sources of ether parts of fdvas I, especially the second hall of the mile section, go back 1 aumerous manuscripts writen By Hust during the war years, up tothe Beginning of 1917 In 1918, Stem compleid her second redaction. This time her Eom ame: ttn tom nt nomen ‘Puta tr Ih enn ae ns Pk Ed SR em ei Ma heh, Sorat hy, at Se er ui ‘noe per ‘work involsed mich more than merely transcribing. By incor- poratng into the text writings frm the Hfoio and others rom the war years, the main text of Zdeas 17 began to take is present form, Tn 1923, Ludwig Landgrebe became the assistant of Huser and worked for more than a year on preparing the txt of Ideas 1 for publication, Landgrebe’s main Source was to be the Second redaction by Stein, but inthe meantioe Hussel had {evised the third seston and had inserted numerous annotations Sand other writing. These had to be incorporated into the tex, nd. in addition, Huse! desired that many manuscripts from the Holo be iclade, ones that Sein had not used In onder to preserve as tmuch as posable a unity of exposition, Lands tebe appended many of these wetings as supplements to the train text In 1925 Landgrebe completed @ “clean copy ‘ypevniten and ready for publieation Fussr, however, Cominue to revise the manuscript. Three series of annotations in shorthand can be distinguished, the lst Gating fom 1928, Thewe annotations were transcribed afer Husser’s death by Stephan Straser, working atthe newly ‘tablished Husser- Archives in Leuven, They were incorporated by the editor of the present volume, Marly Bim, into the published version, Where posible the annotations were inerp- [ited ditty ito the text. Crital remarks ad allusions o new ‘els of problems were asigned to footnotes. The remaining notations were prevented in the supplements “The division of the text into three sections and into 6 paragraph derives from the “clean copy." only lig altering the organization found already in the second elaboration by Stein The division ofthe sections into chapters and the chapter headings themseves were based onthe Landgrebe draft: forthe first section, the chaper divisions and headings were indicted by Huser explisily. Av rpards the second section, Huss marked the divisions but ony listed the key words for the Ieadings For the last section, Hassel was more vague as to the chapter and their tes were supped by the editor. Likewise the tle of the book as 4 whole attributable c het.The yolume ow in the edrs hands i oral intents an purple Hahn don i Engh cota Everthing available tthe Geman col exe for the tetera aparts Which pois vat rang a sn th pee vie the Epo ot Ti tet as composed fo seve ara ree tothe Eagle ‘anlation of the fis Bok nd wa poised sth a BST 2 shy eed Germonvewonacay made to pt he Seat tts im Volume of Hussars ack as ber Aopen aan acl Epilogue tothe ar hatte ate of"he thd Book. The aniston Included hee of ths publsed Geran verona come foo importante besomite rom the Coed Works" “he Epon dies conaderaby in syle fom the other wins preset herein Is tenn ey plied Camas, rly abroad yess hy ima tangs ad fepsens Huse his oat ry. Sanding shrpest Contest rth manusernled inte supplements whch te sometimes rather ncost an len gue ele The ma teat cape somthing of mena Reven the execs tems of yee rested vcr, and ths nt only a rears thal tems: epay many_ scope rasan he est not witht prammaal pct {amg Our tanaon couldnt help at et hse the diferent reste prs fhe book and {ski readers indlencsfor th onevennee We have hurd forthe fos pr what can now be considered acta comentions nerdy Huse no English We ae poping. Rowen, ene Imovatin, German hs Wo terms for matin Enghs signal by te sng ‘or, "od" The ditncton mae German stat beteen Kore. imamimste phys ater, ad Leh the eae Mesh et an animal or han be th the ems weld nanly be be rendered snp as "body Eni te oni determining the proper sense. Bt Hane often ag tn the dsicon tne th ys s some sot of eee ‘as cae for to make thew pase eligi. We a Droposing. the, to anaes" Body (otha eal nd Karr "hoy." a the sme aps the date swords, “bodiy” corporeal,” ee. Lehrer thas becomes “Corporal bey." The stratagem wa chown ap the ost Simple and as hving 2 preseden inthe analogous (a mite Sug) of cours) distncon between Ober (Objet) and Goran ob") Data, for Huss, Gognstand i the tre gence term, encompasing anything tal that ean De Imcnded many my. a sceaton, for cxample, and Objekt are ‘ai cxin Kinds ‘of Gepentnde,inersbjcive one 39 Kaveri more gene: Le every Object an abet. but not Wie era and inthe same tanner every Body «body “Te eer shoul a be ae th Getenwinemchats teing rendered or ae "human sGene.”"pesteawienschal Ten! ar thumanesoenti” ct Thereby, unforaatel the tonnetion withthe wor’ Go? ("98C7) i lst. Where we Save moupt it neeewary to make the conection expt we fave sured to parental pease or hens ‘Our ramlation ras caiod out under the diction of the Haset'Arcives Lowen, and we wih 0 acknowedse {Spoil the ialuable sane provided by Ullch Mele of {he avec staf We cond mon varlous passes that fol ecome forts lies ner dctrs, and we alway found Bs feolationsostem fom a profound grasp of Huse and of the German and Englah langues Thre no doubt tht car ‘Talaton ould ve toned fr hb eilgue of ais Sniey, News tay, we te alone responsible for defects. "We mere ao ested ty having avaiable publshed tan toms of eas French ad ean, ad ey more than mc proved sugerstns concerning the sense of « pus. ‘auf twas our npusic inten of be orignal German that was aluaye ou Ga ecu We beeve there can te no question that fdas I is an inipott work and wil repay close reading. is. book tat ‘reed an nla, eet before mas plished onto of Tim et esd pu pain oa pic "anh poe omni ¢ ee er en si fect naethe greatest phenomenologiss of al, Heidegger and Merle Ponty, Huser sent Heideuer a copy ofthe manvseip af) it 1925 tdoubilesly the draft prepared by Lander) when HE egger was lestoring at Marburg and was eccupied preci!) withthe distinction between the naturatisic and personae tude, As for Merlau-Ponty- he ste the manuscript ae Husserl's death atthe Archives in Leuven and many precutsors, Of themes in Merlsu-Ponts own work ae sible this text Merlau-Ponty vas a very feserved man, but one of us can Tomenber clearly a conversation with him sa which he, wth iden animation, spoke so raptrcusly of the second Ideas and Cisne is study of as "ame experience presque olu> thew." Ou hope is that this translation may contribute 3 ekindling somewhere ofthe Same enthusiasm forthe book, RR AS. Simon Silverman Phenomenology Center Daghesne University FOREWORD Ideas 11 presents some concrete examples of constitutive analysis. In doing so, it executes atleast one phase ofthe sor of ‘Phenomenological phiesophy introduce, methodologically ad Systematically, in Book I At the same time, it supplements the ‘overall pieture of phenomenology portayed, somewhat Top Side, in Book Teas I emphasid (perhaps even exaggerate) the absolut character of pure consciousness to such an extent that pheno nology might readily be misinterpreted as an abstract idealism ‘at eschewed al concer with the eel weld of human lie. The method of attempting to doubt the existence of the world in fonder to ative at pute consciousness at a "reside," and the fantasy of a posse "destruction of the world” which would leave the esence of pure consousness untowched, had the leptimate rhetorical purpose. But they set a onesided tone needing 2 supplementation and abalance that Book bein (0 provide Further, the selected examples of introductory analyses of constitution of Book I focused upon the most elementary instances of the constitution of perceptual objects. In the process, the character ofthe experenceale wold might seem (0 have shrank to Teatres identifiable ax visual spatial congo tions alone. The world of the natural atiude, priserved as modified referent of a complex of noematie sense within the eduction, might sem to have been ateuated to mere, heore- tially conceived, nature: and mere nature, to spatial phantoms alone Book I sets the record straight in some important respects. ‘The world ofthe natural attiude (“the real world") sem to be mote comprehensive than what is accessible to any purelyShcorealattude. The legitimate theoreti veron of the natural aide sen fe mee compreerse ah atuaie ations Nace as lye othe teat ‘erson of the natural tte sono be much moe ne than the sample any of Book t coud inde Ad OE conrlation of transcendental comeiusnss withthe a= den words dplayed more concretely than war posi che Snot somes f ook “Tc specie context within which Husir presents these anaes of consttuon that of the phospho senor Husa fers tothe conte of proene sot “metpbyn {aL The fll ses ofthe jntapestion of those two eas here fends to te worksd ut by Ef thinking though te robles added by means of conta anaes But om Testun, itis Sear tar he phenomeologl sppase othe Tilosopy of scence rege t replacement of the ibe Ieaphyncs of matron, fo upremen the cpstemalop feutaion of natura inodueed in Book LA newly fuhoned apreach othe mame ing of he eal wor fraud ale nodes to pode an of lation fr the oman of te huran snes [Gretna] as well as the grounds fran intel adequate understanding of watare Bike domain of he natural sommes in he course ofthe analyses, y stenting step by ep approach tote ecnstan a he word are ¥en it fenerovsy broadened son), Heer shows conte tha the Scie of ata cannot crcompate ore own thi She spival ie (nor ove of meena parpaing ote) ‘hi the cuore ta o ey wel topo nated mature pmshended ss cel mtr (stamaeusa i char teeth argument inate And proces by evong ‘Ste aendon to te sie intepay among obsration ‘tegonaton, and general tome tudes of appre ser present the eu as having teen made posible by the pedogope and lbrang neon of he phenome Er Taunion One ne have emancipated ogni om the previously unoteed thercical Hindes of the naturalistic Teron othe natural hort ate, wea ofthe power oy ao of aioe todos what hey can and to coer oe al eae Btn lar ako of or own pow a ont tt bck sad forth beeen the peso athe nature Tec odes (and betwen Practcerend, nue ote sa theory aie) ht foo so fall omens ot our own ivolement sich shite and in ther comeqvenes Hse the gory thors st te heme at hand. But assert the person basa hen ene tthe fae uma, cull niece’ of the furs ih whieh fe raping He rien ins er co lect dated Repu {51% “Duty demandh that Tap to compton aad Go blction my labor of many yas, ely ca th [ovide the Scie foondaton ora rcoeiain ture the matric wore hat dominated he epee ot txpied and the teleoopa! worvew, ut the sepa ‘onion ithe nel re ne Jon Seanlon Prilosophy Departinent Duguesne UniversitySECOND BOOK STUDIES IN THE PHENOMENOLOGY ‘OF CONSTITUTIONSection One: The Constitution of Material Nature ‘Cuarren Ove THE IDEA OF NATURE IN GENERAL 11, Preliminary delineation ofthe concepts of nature and experience (Excision of meaning predicates) We besin our new dscusions with nature specifically, with (1, nature athe object of natural scence. Nature, ope WU! say first ofall, s the total spatiotemporal “universe,” the total domain of posible experince: thus we are accustomed to take ‘he expressions natural sence” and "experiential scienoe™ as synonyms ‘The universe the work-otlity,inludes, of course, ever ‘hing "worldly" but not everything inthe fll sense, no every individual object whatever. Hence the question arses: precy how are nature and the perception of nature, the experience of nature, to be determined? We said at the outset that nature Is the fed of transcendent — specifically. spatio-temporal —real- ties. But the concept of tel spatio-emporal objectivity, a wil Soom appear. i neficent, It will mmediatelye evident that fot all predicates which ate. ia truth, 10 be ascribed to Spatiotemporal realits, and aze actly 0 acrbed hy, do for all that belong to the esene ofthe nature- Object which is 2} the correlate of the idea of natural since. Our consideration, however, supposed to aim at nature ia the sense of that coreation, Now, tn no way the character of thi scence 10 eset ef arbitrary inthe choice of i Objects of in the choice of the predicates ffersing to is Objects. Rather, What Uunderies natural scence is always an idea of the esence of ature, if only a0 implicit one. Corelatively, the consciounest ‘whic functions as natural scientific experience, and thus also asx as the thinking pertaining 10 naturalscienie experienc, ha is ‘sential phenomenological unity, and this constiousess has is ‘Seen corelate in natu. A ruling "appeeeption deter ‘mines in advance what is or 6 nota nattalscentie Object hence what so saat nature i the natural-scientife sent. The task isto Bring tht to lay, In which respect its evident From the outset that al the predicates we asebe to things under the headings of peasantness, beaut, ality, praca suitabi ity, or perfection remain completly out of consideration (val- ‘es, goods, ends instrument, means, etc). These do ot a all ‘conetnthe natural sentist hey do wot Belong to mature in his $2 The naturalssenife attitude a «theoretical attitude ‘That will be understood if we examine mote closely the characte of he atutude ofthe subject who intuits and thinks in the naturalscientie way. Through the phenomenological description of that attitude, we will Jean that what i termed ‘Snature™ is precisly the intentional correlate of experience as catiod out inthis atitude. Our approach at fist will be as follows: the themart atte ofthe natural cen’ experience of ature ad experiential research isthe doxetheorei. Ovee Sains it ae other attitudes: namely, the valuing (in the ‘roadest sense, valving the heal and the good) and the practical attitude. Ths talk about attitudes obviously refers ‘ack tothe respective subject. and accordingly we speak ofthe theoretical of the cognitive subj, of tbe valuing and the racial subject ‘ature 18 therefor the theoretical subject: it belongs to is coerlative sphere. OF course, that doesnot mean simply that nature i already completely determined considered asthe corte- Tate of 2 possible theoretical, copie, subject. Nature is a8 ject of posable knowledge, but it does not exhaust the total realm of such objets, Nature, as mere narre conta no rales tno works of art et, though these are indeed objet of posible Tmowledge and sisnce But a #5 our consideration wil be several 0 153, Analysis of the theoraial atta, ‘ofthe theoretic interest ‘The theoretical otstude: what does thal mean? Ie 38 not Actermined merely through the conscious ved experiences we desgrate as doxic (Objectiping), as representing, judging, thinking acts (whereby we now ways want to have in view rotrpeutralzed acts, for done lived experiences also occur in the valuing and praca attude. On the conteay, What Is Characteristic of fies in the manner in which such ved fxperences are performed of carried ou! it the function of Knowledge. In general it happens not only that the focus of the Subject pases through the lived experiences to that which it represented, perceived, remembered thought ubout; eather the fubjct ies tm these dels and does 80 in 2 phenomenologically eminent way. Ts one thin to see, eto ive through at all 19 txperenc, to have something inthe perceptual field, and its “another thing altogether to perform attentively an act of sing in the specific sete, to “live” i the seeing in a pre-eminent way, to take an active part onesef ina believing” and a judging as an Ego inthe specie sence, to perform an act of Judging a a cogito, to be directed with an active focus to what fe objective, to be dirosted in a specially intentional Way. ‘Aes ts one thing tobe conscious tall thatthe sky is Due, fnd is another thing to ve in the performance of the Judgment (hat the sky #6 alow blue) ia an attentive, expily frespng «pei intentional wa; Dore Hived experiences in {his atiade, i this manne of expht performance (think. 1 perform an ct in the specific sense, 1 post the subject and {ereupon post the predate, et} we term theoretical aes. In ey sn frei of Me Jp 26 ra: Le end se ere es Pim dnc Pape ‘Eau gee Eni ano aed ya Sdn he Hu: nr Rt Urs, Eg am ‘nm Kemnpranig re moe an psi [Sr ly Pa a. os pr poms ir Ra 0 ma MC onli ae fo ‘Secon wi inte tenn ppm, nee mg Be Cal Ws nis oTas » 6 nus ve mantle oF coenreo8 them, not only isan object simply there forthe Ego, but rather the Ego is, a6 Ego, thereupon dreted artentively (and then ‘comes thinking, active posing), and thus tis at once divected fo the object ma grasping way’ a6 “theoretical.” i is in an actual sense, Objectiying* 54, Theoretical ats and “pregiving” intentional lived experiences ‘Let us suppose thatthe subject (always understood bere as the ego belonging inseparably to every copito, as pure subject the theoretical subject nthe aforementioned sense, something it is only intermittently. Te would thus be "Objectiying™ in the Specie sense of the ferm, grasping and posing 25 2 being (im the validity-mode ofthe doxi intention of Being an obectivity fof the repectie seme and Tarthermore determining it in txpiatve symtheses, perhaps ia predicativejadgmental ons. ‘But then the objcity am question is already consciously consituted prior to these theoretical acts, through eran ‘intentional lived experiences, but yet by no means through all of thow which can be distinguished i the pore subjet as related {othis objectivity. In other words, 1053) that they are related 10 Jt does not mean thatthe focus of the specifi tention, ruling ‘in al theoreeul acts, goes right through them, as it were rather, it goes through only those lived experiences which ate ‘Sense ving or determining forthe theoretieally grasped objet fr such, The remsining lived experiences, eg. feling expen nces lived experiences ofthis or that special kind, are indeed lived, ae intentional lived experiences they also are constituting, they eonsitute new abjective ata forthe object in question but ones in relation 1 which the subject i nt inthe theoreti atte, and thus they do not constitute the respective theore- tially meant and jodgmentally determined object as such (or help determine this objet sna theoreteal function) Its only by means ofa shift of the theoretical regard, a change of theoreti 2» 2s ‘avons warn ru 1 ‘al intrest, that they emerge out ofthe phase of retheorstial {5} ‘onstttion ino the theoetial: the new strata of sense ener into the framework of theoretical sence, and 4 now obec fone intended in 2 new and more proper sense, i the Objet of the grasping and theoretical determination in new theoretical gels The total intention of consciousness i therewith an ‘ently changed one, andthe ets responsible fo the piving Of other meanings have also experienced « phenomenological ‘modification, To what extent this sa aeessry state of afais iSevideat from th fast that even the theoretical et, by means ‘of which the pare subject relates to given Objet delimited by 4 consituive sense (€., am Object of nature) no matter how they occur as subjectivating, attributing, collecting, telaviing, fd eller sts at once alto exercise © contig function “Categoria!” objectives thus are constituted (in x gute eft sense: objets of thought), which, however, for thir par. fist become theoretical Objetspredsly when the theore- tial subject intentionally foeases on thes new objective (= above all, on states of affairs, eoleeions, ete) and so performs ‘new ats which grasp them in their being und determine them theoretically: thus thc act ate subjectacts, predcatoact, ie, of & higher level ‘With reference to. these acts of higher lvel—always inated by shifts of focus of the specific imending and which ‘ould be called special hind of “reflection” the categoria objectives constituted in the precedent theoretical ats precivonweses (A state of alifs which holds analogously is other cases, oes in which feling-cts function as pre-consit tion) Ifa shift of focus takes place, ten tbe pre-iving sets—in our case, the categorial—have already run their course in the modality of their orginal performance. They a row no longer active steps of the spontancous intending and (6) ‘apie tung he ema he mane of wD ei it appesaex ® runs rs son orcmeton ‘eoretial determining of sbject-posting and prdicatepost- ing, of step-wise calling, et. They are alive only im an other, essentially modified, form a the sll” ving in conseousness fof what hus bon constituted and the raining of (this aso takes place already in the progressive development of the fategotal acts with egatd to those that occur carer inthe han) and, furthermore pessly asthe feflecting of a te Tonal ray upon is synthe "results." “These complex relationships realy need to be heeded and understood. At the same time, one ust make Gar to oneself that it Belongs to the peculiar character of the theoretical aitude and its theoretal acts (Ihe performance of which ‘makes the subject the theoretical subjec) that, in them, objets stich forthe frst ime sll coms theoretical are already, ma ‘arian manner. laid ou there advance. Ths objects ate already constituted prethoretially its only that they are not Sppropriated theoretically und ate not Objects intended in the Dreeminent sense, and much less are they Objets of theoreti: Sally determining ei ‘As can be soe fom what hasbeen sud, “pre-iven” Objects ‘om thomseles "spring" originally ut of theorevical acts. 80 tn this regatd they can alteady be theoretical Objects. This can Happen im various way first of alin the manner n which sich theoretical Objects have ben constituted just now originally in properly” (e.spontancouly performed theoreti acts and, sbsequently, nthe manner in which the theoretical subject ects is grasping intentional regard toward what has been constituted. That becomes possible in this way: the different, Spontancous stages ofthe act ae eained in consciousness after their execution and specially in the modified frm of passive aes, and finaly, at the end of the whole proces of thought, Consciousness stands as a unified sate, which, in analogy with Simple representation, can function av 4 pre-givag conscious ‘ss and can take up new theoretical direction of focus om the Object itis conscious of as @ unity But obviously there are also other cases possible, Thas, for cxample, # sale of affairs constituted earl in spontancous fd articulated thinking can "emerge again" inthe form of ‘emory that suddenly occurs. Ke dost 0 through the medium of 20 2 x s 4 reproductive modification of the ensuing final result of the afer thinking, and this modification functions now a8 pre [psing consciousnes foe the ats ofthe new theoretical athude. ‘Azuin, this holds also for theoretical "sudden ideas” ip wich rew-—ise, not merely presented once more as mentors — States of affairs surge up as certainties, possibile, or proba: bilities aed funtion asthe “stimulus” For the thinking Felted to them. Obviously the pre-gvenpeses of no mater which ats fof a theoretical attede (ia other words, the categoria cts pesformed in the orginal spontaneity of thinking) cannot Says refer back to theoreti! acts whence they sping. Thus We arrive tm each caveat prnginen obetsties which do not {pring from sheareteal act bul are constituted intentional lived experiences imparting to them nothing of logico-categorial formations ‘We have invariably been speaking here about pre-givennesses of theoretical aes. But the same holds with respect to other Spontaneous acs and their prepvenneses: thus here the dis ‘exssion requis supplementation. As possbliies renning Parallel tothe theoretical auitude, thee are the axiologcal and Practica attitudes, In this respect, analogous res are to be ‘subisbed. Valuing ats (aken in the widest possible sense 35 ny kind of act of pleasing or displeasing, as wets performed by ‘very kind af position-taking inthe affective sphere and every 4c performed in the unity of one allestive conciousness in ‘meses esentilly proper to 8) cin alate to pregiven objec tivities, andthe intentionality peoves. ita immediatly thereby a8 consttatve for objectives ofa higher level, anal gues ofthe eategrial objectives of the logial sphere, We have thus to do with a class of objectives constituted 4s sponta: ‘neous products, a polythetcTaemations ofthe polstetcally bnifed acts (joined the unity of one constitutive act) which produce them. These are aot simply objectvities founded in fencral and inthis sense objectives ofa higher vel, bu they te precisely objectives originally constituted 38 spontaneous Prodvets and which only as sach come to possible originary ‘pveness ‘Let us clarify this with an example. We hal earlier drawn contrast between just being conscious, by way of sexing. of the0 us 1 menos oF aN shy and the hol peroman fh act! Bat we feo longer prfoming the Sxingm hs eminent scse when te seag the radiant iv sy, ine inthe apr of I we Jo {hats then we are ot nthe hore r copie tide bat 5 Inthe atc On the ter Rand though ne have adopted the there ate the pase may very wel be present sl, ‘for exmle inthe Obeing yn who Secting ‘sf th int lossy ut ene rent sng in he plese. There i an eset phenomenological modieation 10 bhi care, and ofthe song sn udp. csrdng sme pas ve rom th one sitet he ther Th ohare ‘hanged Dongs an ed poly oa acts, a Scompanying itis nays the corresponding phenomenal tmoieton. Tata aes which reno ead thorctea 15 from the outset allow of ting converted info such as by tmeans ofa change in ue, We can fook aa pare" {sight ‘Ten me arene inthe pevtormanse af sxe Bessie, the plssre ate, which presely one of "ght" Then api, We ea ge the cre, with he ees 20 ofthe at cite ora historian, a8“ beau.” Now we ae thing in the prfomane of the thereteal or judgmental atte nd n longer in the appresiating or pleasueting ty svauing” or Sepprecatng™ we Snead an at of feng" peel Oe fr wich ne te Tea i Ook 8 25 thereat set Bot we understand thee lems, 0 len tappen by eqivoction, ab an eralaton lathe form of & deen, poly een predicting sbou vai, then we woud ‘eenpesing a theorete! at and not an a offen. To tha Cae, nthe Judging fn tere of ale sch a8 emerge tof 50 the atiude of «purely detphing bandon ot surrender, the Wort of ans obctein-qute 4 iferent maner Tis Inte, however not only wth sve inion (ve ae 001 ting i the pertormane of peteption) but with ie! Inution. the acne abandon of the “beng ood 35 fetmacstbete pleasure," inthe aestitenjoyment, understood Ione Obj swe ss the Ob of te hah On 8 the other hand, in esthetic judging and appraising. i ino longer an Object in mere delighting abandon butt an object the speci doxothetc sense the intuted is. iven wih the character of aesthetic enjoyablenes, which i ts proper te 5 bute (which constitutes its" what”). This is a new theoretical Objectivity and, specifically, a characterise Objectivity of & higher level Living im simple sense intuition, the one oe the lowest level, and performing i theoretically, we have eoret cally grasped a mere thing inthe most sraightforward manner. 10 When ve pass over to the asthe grasping and judging of value, we then have more than @ mete thing, we have the thing withthe “what character (wih the expressed predicate) ofthe Valu; we have a valvething. This value-Objett, which, Jn fs objective sense, ikewise includes the what character of the 15 vale, the correlate ofthe theoretical grasping of value Thus itis an Object ofa higher level We observe tht the universal ‘orginal judgment of value or, generally speaking. cach com. ‘sciousness which orighallyconstites 4 vale-Object as sch, necessarily has in elf a component belonging tothe sphere of 20 feline. The most origeal constitution of vale is performed in Feeigs as that pre-theorctcal (in a broad sense). delighting abandon on the part ofthe feeling Ego-subject for Whigh fused ‘the tem *value-reception” aleady several decades ago itm) lectures. The tem i meant to indicate inthe sphere of fecings 25 an analogon of perception, one which, in the donc sphefe signtes the Ego's orginal (grasping) being in the presence ‘ofthe object itself. Thus in the sphere of fvlngs what ls meant ‘by this talk of delighting is precisely that feeling in which the zo lives wih the consciousness of bing in the presence of the 30 Object “ts in the manner of Felngs, Just as there is however, a sort of rpreseating Irom ala, an emply representa: tional intending which is not a being in the presence of the objet, so there i fecing which relates to te object emp} 8nd a8 the former is filed in intuitive representing, so the 35 empty fesing fled by way of the delighting. On cach side there are intentions which strive in parallel a representing (Copnitive ending toward knowledge) striving vers an eve wating one which tends toward expecttions, toward. the