PHONETICS

VOWEL, DIPHTHONG AND TRIPHTHONG

GROUP 3 :
- SYLVINA ARISTY FEBRIARY
- KARTIKA DINDA UDHATY
- ANNISA KARMILA

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE
HARAPAN MEDAN
2016

A. VOWEL

Vowel is a speech sound produced by human speech organs without

obstacle another speech organs
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, with two
competing definitions. In the more common phonetic definition, a
vowel is a sound pronounced with an open vocal tract, so that the
tongue does not touch the lips, teeth, or roof of the mouth, such as the
English "ah" // or "oh" /o/. There is no build-up of air pressure at
any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as the
English "sh" [], which have a constriction or closure at some point
along the vocal tract. In the other, phonological definition, a vowel is
defined as syllabic, the sound that forms the peak of a syllable. A
phonetically equivalent but non-syllabic sound is a semivowel.
In oral languages, phonetic vowels normally form the peak (nucleus)
of many to all syllables, whereas consonants form the onset and (in
languages that have them) coda. Some languages allow other sounds
to form the nucleus of a syllable, such as the syllabic (i.e., vocalic) l in
the English word table (when not considered to have a weak vowel
sound.
The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal"
("relating to voice"). In English, the word vowel is commonly used to
mean both vowel sounds and the written symbols that represent them.
There are 12 vowels in english :

PART OF VOWEL

Vowel divided into three, that is :

a) Short vowel, is a simple (non-complex) vocalic segment
occurring within the nucleus of a syllable. The following is an
overview of the oral cavity for short vowel known as vowel
trapezium.

b) Long vowels, are vowels associated with two X-slots within the
syllabic nucleus. Examples include /i:/ (/hi:d/, heed) and /:/ (/h:l/,
hall). The following is the vowel trapezium for long vowel :

B. DIPHTHONG

A diphthong, literally "two sounds" or "two tones", also known as a

gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within
the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two
different targets: that is, the tongue (and/or other parts of the speech
apparatus) moves during the pronunciation of the vowel. In many
dialects of English, the phrase no highway cowboys /no hawe
kabz/ has five distinct diphthongs, one in every syllable.
Diphthongs contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue or other
speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single
vowel sound. For instance, in English, the word ah is spoken as a
monophthong //, while the word ow is spoken as a diphthong /a/.
Where two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different syllablesfor
example, in the English word re-electthe result is described as
hiatus, not as a diphthong.
Diphthongs often form when separate vowels are run together in rapid
speech during a conversation. However, there are also unitary
diphthongs, as in the English examples above, which are heard by
listeners as single-vowel sounds (phonemes).
Diphthongs use two vowel sounds in one syllable to make a speech
sound.
There are 8 diphtongs in english :

TYPES OF DIPHTHONG

1. Falling and Rising

Falling (or descending) diphthongs start with a vowel quality of
higher prominence (higher pitch or volume) and end in a semivowel
with less prominence, like [a ] in eye, while rising (or ascending)
diphthongs begin with a less prominent semivowel and end with a
more prominent full vowel, similar to the [ja] in yard. (Note that
"falling" and "rising" in this context do not refer to vowel height; for
that, the terms "opening" and "closing" are used instead.

2. Closing, Opening and Centering

In closing diphthongs, the second element is more close than the first
(e.g. [ai]).
In opening diphthongs, the second element is more open (e.g. [ia]).
A centering diphthong is one that begins with a more peripheral
vowel and ends with a more central one, such as [], [], and [] in
Received Pronunciation or [i] and [u] in Irish.

3. Narrow and Wide

Narrow diphthongs are the ones that end with a vowel which on a
vowel chart is quite close to the one that begins the diphthong, for
example Northern Dutch [e], [] and [o].

C. TRIPHTHONG

This is the most complex of the vowels type. A triphthongs is a glide

from one vowel to another and then to a third, all produced rapidly
and without interruption.
In phonetics, a triphthong, literally "with three sounds," or "with three
tones", is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but
smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another
that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are
said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two, and
triphthongs three.

There are 5 triphthongs in english :

THANK YOU