BT2 Paper 1 solutions 2012

1. A
6. C
11. C
2. B
7. A
12. D
3. A
8. C
13. C
4. B
9. C
14. D
5. D
10. B
15. B
Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

A
D
B
D
B

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

B
B
A
A
C

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

A
D
B
D
A

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

B
D
A
D
C

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

B
A
C
A
B

(NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2H2O + 2NH3

2NH3 + H2SO4 2H2O + (NH4)2SO4
Moles of sulfuric acid = 1.78 x 10-3 = moles of ammonium sulfate in 25.0 cm3
Moles of ammonium sulfate in 250 cm3 = 1.78 x 10-2
Mass of ammonium sulfate in 250 cm3 = 2.343 g
% of ammonium sulfate = 2.343 / 5 * 100% = 46.9 %
Answer: A
In basic conditions, MnO4- is reduced to MnO2. Hence 1 mole of MnO4- gain 3
moles of electrons.
nXn+ / n MnO4- = 3/1
Hence 3 moles of Xn+ lose 3 electrons
1 mole of Xn+ lose 1 electron.
Oxidation number of X in XO32- = +4
Hence n = +3.
Answer: B
Since number of moles of the air bubble at the bottom of sea = number of
moles of the air bubble at the water surface;
n (bottom of the sea) = n (water surface)
(8.4 x 0.030) / (R x 279) = (1 x V) / (R x 297)
Hence V = (8.4 x 0.030 x 297) / (1 x 279)
Answer: A
Considering the electronic configuration for the second IE:
Option Preceding Element Element
Trend
element
after
A
2p63s0
2p63s1 2p63s2
Increase. ENC increase because
increase in NC outweighs
negligible increase in SE.
B
2p63s1
2p63s2 2p63s23p1
2p63s23p1 has a lower IE than
expected as electron removed
from 3p subshell experiences
shielding effect from 3s.
C
3s23p0
3s23p1 3s23p2
Increase. ENC increase because
increase in NC outweighs
negligible increase in SE.
2
1
2
2
2
3
D
3s 3p
3s 3p
3s 3p
Increase. ENC increase because
increase in NC outweighs
negligible increase in SE.
Answer: B

Q5

Option Compoun Diagram of shape Shape

Bond angle
d
A
N2H4
Trigonal Pyramidal 107
B

SOCl2

Trigonal Pyramidal 107

NO3-

Trigonal Planar

120

BrF4-

Square planar

90

Answer: D
Q6

Q7

Q8

x = Hf CO2 - Hf CO
Answer: C
Option H S
A

G = H - TS. G < 0
only when - TS > H
+ (increase in number of moles High T.
of gas)
+ (increase in number of moles All T.
of gas)
- (decrease in number of moles Reaction is not feasible at
of gas)
all T.
- (decrease in number of moles Low T.
of gas)

Answer: A
Top note infers that the compound has the lowest boiling point and base
notes refers to compounds with the highest boiling point.
C

Lowest boiling point as

it can only form 1
hydrogen bond per
molecule.

Molecule can form 2

hydrogen bonds per
molecule. However the
hydrogen bond formed
between phenols is
stronger as O is more
electronegative than N
in phenylamine.

Q9

10

11

12

13

According to the Arhenius equation: k = Aexp -Ea/RT, the rate constant is

dependant on the addition of a catalyst as a catalyst lowers the
activation energy, Ea.
2.
Total pressure is determined as follows:
N2O
N2
O2
Initial / atm
25
0
0
Change / atm
-25
+25
+12.5
Final / atm
0
25
12.5
PT = 37.5 kPa upon completion.
3.
When N2O decreases from 20.0 to 10.0 and from 10.0 to 5.0 , the time
taken is 3200 seconds. Since the half life is constant, the order is first
order with respect to N2O.
4.
When temperature increases, according to the Boltzman distribution
curve, there are now more particles with energy more or equal to
activation energy. Hence the partial pressure of N 2O at any time will
be different.
Answer: C
The total volume must be the same so that comparisons of volume is
comparable to concentrations. Checking that the total volume is constant,
the following changes were made to data in the table:
Experiment
Volume used / cm3
Total
Time
Volume / cm3 Taken /s
BrO3
H+
H2O
1
30
90
30
150
38
2
60
90
0
150
20
3
40
30
30
100
80
3A
60
45
45
150
80
Comparing experiment 1 and 2, when volume of BrO 3- doubles, the time
taken is halfed hence the rate is doubled. Order wrt to BrO 3- is 1.
Comparing experiment 2 and 3, when volume of H + doubles, the time taken
is quatered, hence the rate x 4. Order wrt to H + is 2.
Answer: B
A. Max buffer capacity occurs at twice the volume at equivalence point i.e. V
weak acid = 40 cm3. At point X, the solution consists of excess strong base
and salt.
B. Since the titration is a SB-WA titration, a suitable indicator should have a
working range between 10 12. Methyl orange has a working range of 4 6.
C. The acid is a weak acid as at equivalence point, the pH > 7 hence
suggesting a SB-WA titration. Butanoic acid is a weak acid and the pKa = 5
as pH = pKa at maximum buffer capacity.
D. Only an acidic buffer is formed as an acidic buffer consists of a weak acid
and the salt of the weak acid.
Answer: C
1
[Mg2+] needed to form MgF2 = 5.16 x 10-11 mol dm-3. [Mg2+] needed to
form MgCO3 = 6.82 x 10-6 mol dm-3. Hence MgF2 will precipitate out
first since a lower concentration of Mg2+ is needed.
2
Ksp is only dependant on temperature as it is an equilibrium constant.
3
Solubility of MgF2 = 2.35 x 10-4 mol dm-3. Hence the mass dissolved in
1 dm3 of water = 0.015 g.
4
MgCO3 Mg2+ + CO32-, when H+ is added, it will remove CO32- ions.
This will shift the equilibrium to the right and solubility increases.
Answer: D
When bromophenol blue is green, 6.2 < pH < 7.6
and cresol red is orange, 7.2 < pH < 8.8
Hence, the pH range of the solution is 7.2 < pH < 7.6.
1
Solution cannot be strongly acidic.
2
Methyl benzoate is an ester which is neutral.
1.

3
4

14

15

16

17

Sodium propanoate is a basic salt hence pH > 7.

BeCl2 is weakly acidic as Be2+ + 4H2O [Be(H2O)4]2+ Hence
[Be(H2O)4]2+ undergoes hydrolysis: [Be(H2O)4]2+ + H2O
[Be(H2O)3OH]+ + H3O+.
Answer: C
Cu2+ + 2e Cu Eo = +0.34
Since the mass of the copper electrode decreased, hence Cu is oxidised and
represents the anode. Hence the half cell with the unknown solution is the
cathode (reduction).
1
Potassium dichromate is reduced. Eocell = 1.33 0.34 > 0 V. Reaction is
feasible but solution is not colourless. Solution will change from
orange to green.
2
Zn sulfate consists of Zn2+, where Eocell = 0.76 0.34 < 0 V. In the
presence of SO42- where Eocell = 0.17 0.34 < 0 V. Both ions are not
feasible.
3
Hydrochloric acid consists of Cl- and H+. Cl- can only be oxidised. In the
presence of H+, Eocell = 0 0.34 < 0 V where reaction is not feasible.
4
With hydrogen peroxide, Eocell = 1.77 0.34 > 0 V where reaction is
feasible. H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e 2H2O. The reactants and products are
colourless.
Answer: D
1
Electrochemical cells are non-rechargeable as there is no battery.
Electrochemical cells can be charged using an external power source,
e.g. rechargeable batteries.
2
Electrons always from from anode (oxidation where electrons are
produced) to the cathode (reduction where electrons are consumed).
3
Eocell must be positive before a reaction takes place.
4
A salt bridge helps in the transfer of ion not electrons.
ANSWER: B
1
On addition of water to the iron half cell, Fe 2+ + 2e Fe, equilibrium
will shift to the left. Hence the Eoanode becomes more negative and
Eocell becomes more positive.
2
On addition of Fe2+, Fe2+ + 2e Fe, equilibrium will shift to the right.
Hence the Eoanode becomes less negative and Eocell becomes less
positive.
3
Increasing the size of the nickel electrode has no effect on E ocell.
4
When a reagent binds to Ni2+, Ni2+ + 2e Ni, equilibrium will shift to
the left. Hence the Eocathode becomes more negative and Eocell
becomes less positive.
Answer: A
A
pH of oxide
C First IE

18

Melting point

Ionic radius (as shown in

question)

Answer: D
1
Strontium reacts vigorously with cold water as the ionisation energy is
very low.
2
Strontium oxide and water reacts vigorously as strontium hydroxide is

very soluble in water.

Strontium nitrate requires a lower temperature to decompose as
strontium is above barium in the periodic table. Hence, strontium
cation has a higher charge density (due to smaller ionic radius) than
barium cation to polarise the electron cloud of the nitrate ion.
4
2Sr + O2 SrO2 and the reaction occurs vigorously.
Answer: B
3

19

20

21

Order of oxidising power: F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2.

Hence, X2 must be the element with the least oxidising power i.e. I 2.
Hence, Y2 must be the element with the most oxidising power i.e. Cl 2.
Answer: D
1
Sp hybridised = 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds. (TRUE)
2
Reaction with alcohol to form alkyl halide requires NaX and conc H 2SO4
to produce HX(g) in situ. But the reagent here is iodine so no white
fumes of HI (g) will be seen.
3
Tetrahedral geometry = 4 sigma bonds OR 4 bond pairs (TRUE).
4
Alkaline KMnO4 will vigorously oxidise the triple bond or the secondary
alcohol.
ANSWER: B
A
B

Intermediate for SN1

Intermediate
Nucleophilic addition.
C

22

23

24

for
D

Intermediate for SN2.

Intermediate
for
Electrophilic substitution.
Answer: B
Since X and Y react to form an ester. X and Y must either be alcohol, acid or
acid chloride.
Since Z reacts less readily than Y upon its reaction with X, Y must be more
than Z. Hence Y must be an acid halide and Z a carboxylic acid.
Answer: B
1
Free radical substitution can take place.
2
Electrophilic substitution cannot take place as the reagent and
conditions should be: concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric
acid, 30oC.
3
Ester hydrolysis can take place but the electrophilic addition of the
alkene (C=C) cannot take place as the conditions required are
concentrated sulfuric acid followed by steam.
4
Electrophilic substitution cannot take place as aqueous AlCl3 is
weakly acidic as Al3+ + 6H2O [Al(H2O)6]3+ Hence [Al(H2O)6]3+
undergoes hydrolysis: [Al(H2O)6]3+ + H2O [Al(H2O)5OH]2+ + H3O+.
Hence aqueous AlCl3 cannot function as a halogen carrier.
Answer: A
With aqueous hydrochloric acid, the following functional groups are affected:

1
2
3

Ester and amide hydrolysis.

Nucleophilic substitution (hydrolysis) of acid chloride.
Acid base reaction of amine.

Answer: A
25

Isomer 1

Isomer 2

Isomer 3

Answer: C
26

27

Alcohol: CnH2n+2O
Ketone: CnH2nO
Carboxylic acid: CnH2nO2
Halogenoalkane: CnH2n+1X
Answer: A
Products of reaction with hot aqueous KOH:
A
C

28

Answer: D (as the products are both ions hence cannot be collected as
distillate which are characterised by reagents with low boiling points).
The isomers of C3H9N are:

Answer: B

29

P
A

Q
`

Reasoning
Q has 2 chiral
centres. R cannot
form CO2 with sodium
carbonate.
Q
has
no
chiral
centres.

Q
has
no
chiral
centres.
R cannot form CO2
with
sodium
carbonate.
Q: 1 chiral centre.
R: Positive iodoform
and sodium carbonate
test.

Answer: D
30

B. Each oxyhaemoglobin holds 4 oxygen molecules.

C. Oxyhaemoglobin consists of 4 alpha helixes where 2 are named alpha subunit and
another 2 are named beta subunit.
D. Subunits are held by hydrogen bonds between side chains of amino acids.
Answer: A

31

From the second ionisation energy graph, D must be group I as it has the highest
second ionisation energy as the second electron is removed from the inner quantum
shell which has a higher effective nuclear change.
1
Hence E + B will form EB2 as E is from group II and B is from group VII.
2
A is from group VI, hence A will form an acidic oxide which will react with an
alkali.
3
Nuclear charge of D+ is greater than B- , both have same number of
electrons, effective nuclear charge of D+ greater than B-, hence smaller ionic
radius.
Answer: 1 & 2 (B)
2. The charge of Fe is +2 in haemoglobin.
3. The bonding around N2 is sp2 hybridised.
Answer: 1 (D)

32
33

1
2

a c = - b, Hence a = c b.
According to the energy level diagram, arrow pointing downwards stands for
exothermic reaction.
3
Since a c = - b, Hence c = - a - b.
Answer: (1,2 and 3) (A)

34

On assigning pKa values:

Structure of glutamic acid at:

X

At pH = 2, the amino acid will be: COOH (CH)NH 3+CH2CH2COOH which

will migrate to the negative electrode.
2
The zwitterion at point X is: H3N+CH(CH2CH2COOH)CO2.
3
At pH = pKa2, H2NCH(CH2CH2COOH) CO2 and H2NCH(CH2CH2CO2)CO2
are present.
Answer: 1 (D)
1
pH when dissolved in water is the same for all as all the acids are
strong and fully dissociates in water.
2
Decomposition temperature decreases as H-X decreases down the
group.
3
Enthalpy change of formation becomes more endothermic down the
group and the values are using bond broken bond formed: HfHCl =
- 182 kJ mol-1;
HfHBr = - 103 kJ mol -1, HfHI = - 11 kJ
-1
mol . Hence the magnitude decreases.
Answer: C (2 and 3)
1
Cyanide nucleophile approaches the trigonal planar ethanal in equal
percentage from the top and bottom in a NA mechanism.
2
H+ approaches the carbocation CH 3C+HCHBrCH3 where the carbocation
is also a trigonal planar from the top and bottom in the fast step of EA
mechanism.
3
Chloroethane is a primary alkyl halide and will undergo SN2
mechanism which will produce a chiral centre that is non racemic.
Answer: (1 and 2): B
1

35

36

37
1.

38

2.

3.

Answer: A
1
Chlorobenzene has an EWG Cl atom that will deactivate the benzene
ring hence less susceptible to electrophilic attack. Hence subsequent
substitution is unlikely to occur.
2
Ethyl group is EDG that will activate the benzene ring hence more

susceptible to electrophilic attack. Hence subsequent substitution is

likely to occur.
3
The product has a lone pair on N that is more available for subsequent
NS due to its attachment to 2 EDG.
Answer: C (2 and 3)
39

Circled above are the side chains of the amino acids.

Answer: A (1, 2 and 3)

40

Phosphorus ylide only reacts with carbonyl (aldehyde of ketones).

Hence, option 3 is wrong as the ester is involved in the reaction.

Answer: B (1 and 2)
END