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ts 8500 : 1991 ( Reaffimed 1995) area aaa dora sera — genfaarara ( weary a ST erred ora ata ) — fafarte ( seat qattert ) Indian Standard STRUCTURAL STEEL — MICROALLOYED (MEDIUM AND HIGH STRENGTH QUALITIES ) — SPECIFICATION ( First Revision ) UDC 669-14-018-29 OBIS 1991 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 1991 Price Group 4 ‘Wrought Steel Produets Sectional Committee, MTD 4 FOREWORD ‘This standard is one of a series of standards being issued for implementation of BIS Steel Economy Programme. These stee) are specific class of steel in which enhanced mechanical properties are obtained by the incorporation of low proportions of one or more alloying elements. These steels are generally intended for applications where saving in mass may be effected by reason of their greater yield strengths The manufacturer is allowed full freedom in the selection of alloying clements he considers, appropriate, ‘This standard was originally published in 1977. In this revision the following changes have been made: a) The title of the standard has been changed to “Microalloyed Structural Steel ( Medium and High Strength Quality )" from “Weldable Structural Steel ( Medium and High Strength Quality)" b) Steel Grade Fe 640HT has been deleted, ¢) Lower maximum limits for sulphur and phosphorous for flat product have been envisaged. €) Provisions of IS 961 : 1975 are being incorporated in this standard. IS 961 : 1975 would be withdrawn subsequentiy. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. IS 8500. Indian Standard STRUCTURAL STEEL— MICROALLOYED ( MEDIUM AND HIGH STRENGTH QUALITIES ) — SPECIFICATION ( First Revision ) 1 SCOPE ‘This standard covers the requirements of microalloyed steels of different strength levels for use in structural work. The steels may be suitable for other application also. 2. REFERENCES: ‘The Indian Standard listed below are necessary adjuncts to this standard: IS No. Title 28 Methods of chemical analysis of steels ( issued in parts ) 1599: 1985 Method for bend test ( second revision ) 1608 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel products (first revision ) 1757: 1988 Method for beam impact test (V-notch) on steel (first revision ) 1852: 1985 Rolling and cutting tolerances for hot-rolled steel products (third revision ) 3803 Steel conversions of elongation (Part 1) + 1989 values : Part I Carbon and low Alloy steel ( second revision ) 8910: 1978 General technical delivery requirements for steel and steel products 3 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL General requirements relating to supply of micro-alloyed weldable structural stecl shall conform 10 IS 8910 : 1978, 4 MANUFACTURE 4.1 Steel shall be manufactured by any process of steel making except Bessemer process. 4.1.1 Steel shall be supplied semikilled or killed as mutually agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer. However, steels with impact guarantee, shall be supplied in the killed condi- tion only 4.4.2 The steel shall be supplied in the as-rolled oF normalized condition. 5 GRADE ‘There shall be ten grades as given in Tables 1 and 2. 6 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS 6.1 All finished steel shall be well and cleanly rolled to the dimensions, sections and masses specified. The finished material shail be free from surface defects, such as pits, rolled in scales, deep scratches, grooves, laminations, cracks, rough jagged and imperfect edges, and any other harmful defects. 6.2 Minor surface defects may be removed by the manufacturer by grinding provided the thickness is not reduced locally by more than 4 percent below the minimum specified thickness. Reduction in thickness by grinding greater than 4 percent, but not exceeding 7 percent, may be made subject to mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7A The ladle analysis of the stecl when analysed in accordance with appropriate parts of IS 228, or any other established instrumental/chemical method shall be as given in Table I. In case of dispute the procedure given in IS 228 and its relevant parts shall be reteree method. However when the method is not given in IS 228 and its relevant parts, the referee method shail be as agreed to between the purchaser and the manu- facturer. IS 8500 : 1991 ‘Table 1 Chemical Composition (Clauses 8.1, 7-1 and 7.2) Grader Ladle Analysis, Percentage rn ‘in > si Carbon Equivatent (Mex) Gitar) (Mex) (Max) (CE) Max Feito 20 130 so 45 40 0 Fesson 20 130 050 as +0 0 Fesso 20 150 1050 4s 2 “oH Fesson 20 150 050 45 2 ‘40 Fess 20 10 oss 45 a 040 Fesion 20 160 oss 4s a 0 Festa 2 1 045 45 6 010 Fes708 2 160 045 45 46 0%) Fe590 22 180 045 45 48 0 Fes908 2 180 45 45 “8 "00 ° Ma, Cr+ Mo+V , Ni4 Ce Carbon Equivalent (CE) =C 4 MBy Cr+ Mo 4 ¥ (iueed boindie andiyiy =P 5 i NOTES 1 Lower limit for carbon equivalent may be mutually agreed to between the purchaser and the manu- facturer 2 Microslloying elements like Nb, V, Ti and B shall be added singly or in combination, Total microalloying elements shall not be moze than 0:25 percent 3 If required steel may be treated with ase earth elements, “Denotes the maximum limits for structurals at the top and flat products at the bottom. **Code for designation of steel: Part 1 based on letter symbol { Refer IS 1762 ( Part 1 } : 1974 (first revision ) ] NOTES 1 Incidental Elemeni—Elements not quoted in Table 1 shail not,be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser, other than for the purpose of finishing the heat. ‘All reasonable pre. Cautions shall be taken to prevent the addition from scarp or other materials used in manufacture of such elements which effect the hardenability, mechanical properties and applicability. 2 When the steel is silicon-illed the product analysis Shall show a minimum of 0-10 percent silicon. Whea the steel is aluminium-killed, the total aluminium content should not be lets than 0.02 percent. When the steclis killed with a combination of aluminium and silicon, the silicon content shall not be less than 005 percent and total aluminium content shall’ not be less than 0-01 percent. 3.The steel if required may be treated with rare earths for better formability. 4 When steel is required in copper beasing quality the copper content shali be between 0:20 and 0:35 percent TAL The test certificate showing analysis of all the elements may be supplied, if required by the purchaser. Table 2. Mechanical Properties (Clause 8.3) Gride Tensile ‘Yield Strength ( Min ) Elongation Bend Charpy V-noich Strength ee te Percent” (Internal Tmpact Toughness, (Min) 616-0163 (Min) Diameter) Joules, Mén, ( Average mm mm mm ‘0f3 Values) Room Temp*—20°C ” MPa MPa MPa = MPa MPa 5:65,/So” Mint <12mm 12.25 mm Feild. 440 300 290280 sBy agree. = 22 an % Le — ment Fetd0B 440 300280280 a 2 mH 50 30 Fei 490 350-330 320 ws 2 % 3 = FeiB 499 350-30 320 8 2 2» 50 25 Fesaa 540 410 38380, 8 20 2 3 =n = Fes40B 540 41030380 oF 20 2 ot 50 25 e570 570 430 © 430420 # 20 a 3 = " Fesi0B $70 4390-40420 a 20 2 3t 4s 20 Fess 590 450430420 ‘ 20 a - Fes90B 590 450430420 ws 20 x 45 20 Not 1 IMPa=t Nom] Mojm?=0:102 kefjmms, 2 Higher impact values will be subject to mutual agreement. 3 No individual impact value shall be less tham 30 percent of the minimum specified average value. 4 For thickiiess more than 25 mm, bend test not required. 5 The requirements miore stringent than those above may be agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer, * Room Temperature w= 252°C; ** Code for designation of steel, Part 1 based on letter symbol (Refer IS 1762 [Part 1): 1974 (Jirst revision ) } "++ 1 is the thickness of the test piece. 7.2 Product Analysis The product analysis shall be carried out on the finished product from the standard position. Permissible variation in case of such product analysis from the limits specified in Table 1 shall be as follows Constituent Variation, Over Specified Maximum Limit, Percent Carbon 0-02 Manganese 0-05 Sulphur 0-005 Phosphorous 0-005 Silicon 0-03 7.24 Retest for Product Analysis If the results of the check analysis do not con- form to the composition requirements given in Table land Steel Grade with allowance of variation in case of check analysis from the specified fimits, unless otherwise agreed to bet- ween purchaser and manufacturer, two samples shall be taken on different pieces from same cast. Should the two analysis satisfy the require- ment, the lot represented shall be accepted, should cither of the samples fail, material shall be taken are not complying with this standard. 8 SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES 8.1 The positions from which test samples are taken shall be so located in the product as to yield the clearest possible information regarding properties in the rolling and transverse to roll- ing direction. The recommended locations for taking test samples for plates, sections and bars are indicated in Fig. 1. Alternatively, in case of sections, the samples may be taken from the web. 8.2 Wherever practical, the rolled surface of the steel shall be retained on the two opposite sides of the test samples. IS 8500 : 1991 8.3 In case of iat test samples for tensile test, both surfaces are normally to be left on the test samples for plates up to 32 mm thick. At least one rolled surface shall be left on rectangular test samples taken from plates exceeding 32 mm in thickness. Round test samples are permitted, but should only be adopted for thickness excee- ding 27 mm. 8.4 In case of flats up to 16 mm thick, the test sample shall undergo, if possible, no machining, whatsoever, prior to ‘use as a test piece. If this, is not possible, the test samples shall undergo the minimum amount of machining. 8.5 Bars below 28 mm may be tested without machining, In case of bars having diameters or thickness between 28 mm and 71 mm, the bars may be symmetrically reduced by machining Por bars having diameters or thickness excee- ding 71 mm, the test sample may be taken from the position shown in Fig. 1. 8.6 In case of sections, flats, and plates bend tests shall be carried out on rectangular test samples which, as far as possible, should be of the full thickness of the product. In case of sections, flats and plates exceeding 28 mm in thickness, it is permissible to remove metal from one side of the test sample before using it asa test piece. The rolled surface of the test piece shall be on the outer side of the bead during the test. 8.7 Before test samples are collected, full parti- culars regarding cast number, size and mass of plates, sections, flats and bars in each cast shall be furnished by the manufacturer to the pur- chaser. In case of plates, the number of plates in each cast shail also be given, 8.8 Test samples shall be cut in such a manner that the deformation is avoided as far as possible, if shearing or flame-cutting is employed adequate allowance shall be left for removal by machining. 8.9 Test samples taken from rolled steel which have undergone deformation through bending or twisting shall in all cases be straightened cold. If the deformation is too severe to allow cold-straightening, it is permissible, in case of materials to be delivered in the annealed or normalized condition, to carry out straightening under the application of heat, provided the temperature does not exceed "650°C. When straightening test samples, care shall be taken to avoid aay cold-working or temperature rise which will alter the properties of these samples as compared with the finished product which they represent. 8.10 Test samples shall not annealed or other- wise subjected to heat treatment unless the material from which they are cut is similarly treated, in which case the test samples shall be similarly and simultaneously treated with the material before testing. Any slight straightening, of test samples which may be required shall be done cold. 9 TENSILE TEST 9.1 Number of Tensile Test 9.1.1 Plates, Sections ( Angles, Channels, etc, and Flats ) Tees, Beams, One tensile test shall be made from finished steel for every 40 tonnes of part thereof rolled continuously from each cast, a separate test being made for each class of steel product (namely, plates sections and flats ) rolled from a cast. 9.1.2 Where plates, sections or flats of more than one thickness are roiled from the same cast, one additional tensile test shall be made from the material in each class of product for cach variation in thickness of 6 mm. 9.1.3 Bars ( Round, Square and Hexagonal ) One tensile test shali be made from finished Product for each 40 tonnes or part thereof. If more than one diameter or thickness of the baris processed, one additional tensile test shall be made for each variation of 3 mm above or below the diameter or thickness of the bar ordered. 9.2 Tensile Test Pieces The tensile strength, yield strength and percen- tage elongation of ‘steel shall be determined from standard test pieces cut rolling or trans- verse to rolling direction from plates and lengthwise from sections, flats and bars. The test shall be carried out on the standard test pieces prepared in accordance with IS 1608 ; 1972. 9.2.1 Asa rule only proportional test pieces complying with the requirements Ly=5:654/So should be used for the tensile test, where Ly is the gauge length and So is the cross-sectional area of the test piece. 9.2.1.1 The gauge lengths other than 5-65¥So may also be used in which case the elongations shall be read from IS 3803 ( Part 1): 1989. 9.3 Tensile Test Tensile strength, yield strength and percentage elongation when determined in accordance with IS 1608 : 1972 shall be as given in Table 2. IS 8500 : 1991 POSITION OF SAMPLES Fic. 1 STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS, PosiTION AND ORIENTATION OF SAMPLES IS 8500 : 1991 9.3.1 In case of sections the thickness of which is not uniform throughout the profile, the limits shall be applied according to the actual maximum thickness of the piece selected for testing, 9.3.2 Should a tensile test piece break outside the middle half of the its gauge length (see IS 1608: 1972) and percentage elongation ‘obtained is less than specified, the test_ may be discarded at the manufacturer's option, ‘and another test made from the sample plate, section, flat or bar. 10 BEND TEST 10.1 Number of Bend Test — Bend test shall be made from finished steel from each cast. The number of tests for every 20 tonnes of material or part thereof, rolled continuously, shall be as given below. One additional test shall be made for each class of product and for each variation in thickness, Class of Stee! Product No. of Bend Tests Sections 1 in rolling direction for each type Plates 1 transverse to rolling direction Flats and bars (ound, square, hexagonal, etc } 1 in rolling direction 10.2 Bend Test Piece The test pieces shall be cut transverse to rolling direction from plates, and in rolling direction from sections, flats and bars. When sections permit, these shall be not less than 40 mm wide. If the manufacturer so desires, round, square, hexagonal and flat bars and structural’ sections shall be bent in the full section as-rolled, 10.2.1 In all bend test pieces, the rough edge or aris resulting from shearing may be removed by filling or grinding or machining but the test pieces shall receive no other preparation. 10.2.2 The test pieces shall not be annealed or otherwise subjected to heat treatments unless the material from which these are taken i similarly treated. In such cases, the test pieces shall be similarly treated in the’ same furnace with the material before testing, 10.3 Bend Test — Bend test shall be conducted in accordance with IS 1599 : 1985. 10.3.4 For bend test, the test piece at room temperature shall withstand bending through 180° to an internal diameter not greater than that given in Table 2 without showing any crack on the outer surface. 41 IMPACT TEST 11.1 The impact test shall normally be carried out on products having a thickness/diameter greater than or equal to 12 mm. The test piece shall be so machined that the face closer to the rolling surface is not more than | mm from it; the notch axis shall be perpendicular to the rolled surface. ULL1 If stated in the order, impact test_ may be carried out on products having @ thickness less than 12 mm; the dimensions of the test pieces shalll be in'conformity with IS 1757: 1988. 11.2 This test is carried out using a V-notch test piece (see IS 1757: 1978), the value for consideration being the arithmetic mean of the results obtained on three test pieces taken side by side from the same product. 11,3 The test samples thickest product. hall be tzken from the 11.3.1 A test sample shall be taken from each 40 tonnes or part thereof from the same cast. 11.4 If the average value of the three Charpy impact tests fails to comply by an amount not exceeding 15 percent of the specified minimum average value, three additional test pieces from the same sample shall be tested and the results added to those previously obtained and a new average calculated. Provided this new average complies with the specified requirement, the material represented shall be deemed to comply with this standard. 12 OTHER TESTS The material may be subjected to non-destruc- tive testing to determine soundness of material subject to mutual agreement between the pur- chaser and the manufacturer. 13 DIMENSIONS Unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer the nominal dimensions of rolled products conforming to this specifica- tion shall be in accordance with the relevant Indian Standards; currently available Indian Standards are listed in Table 3. Table 3 Indian Standards Which Give Nominal ‘Dimensions of Rolled Steel Products Product Relevant Indian Standard Beam channel and angle section 1S $08 : 1989 Dimensions for hot rolled steel beam, column channel and angle sections ( revised } 1S 1173 : 1978 Hot rolled slit steel tee bars ( second revision } IS 1252 : 1958 Rolled steel sections bulb angles Toe bars Bulb angles Plates, shects and 1S 1730 Dimensions for steel plate strip sheet and strip for_ structural and general engineering purposes IS_1730 (Part 1): 1974 Plates (first revision ) 1S 1730 (Part IT) : 1974 Sheet (first revision ) 1S 1730 (Part HL): 1974 Strip (first revision) Flats Is 1731 : 1971 Dimensions for steel flats for structural and_ general naincering purposes frst re Round and square IS 1752 : 1971 Dimensions for bars round and square steel bars for structural and general enginecring purposes { first revision ) Bulb flats IS. 1863; 1979 Rolled steel bulb flats (first revision ) As 2314 : 1986 Steel sheet piling sections ( first revision } IS 3954: 1966 Hot rolled steel channel sections for general eagi- neering purposes Sheet, piling section Channel sections ‘Track shoe sections 1S 10182 ( Part 1) : 1982 Dimen- sions and tolerances for hot-rolled track shoe sections: Part 1 Section TS:L1 AS 10182 ( Part 2): 1985 Dimen- sions and tolerances for hotrolled {sack shoe sections: Past 2 Section TSH TS 8500 : 1991 14 TOLERANCES Unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer the rolling and cutting tolerances for steel products conforming to this standard shall be those specified in IS 1852 : 1985. 15 RETEST Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests specified in this standard, two further samples shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test pieces from either of these additional samples fail, the material represented by the test samples shall be considered as not having complied with this standard. 16 CALCULATION OF MASS The mass of steel plates section, flats and bars shall be calculated on the basis that stecl weighs 7-85 g/em*. 17 MARKING 17.1 Each product, with the exception of round, square and hexagonal bars and flats, shall carry a tag or be marked with the manu- facturer’s name or trade-mark. Designation of steel should also be similarly marked on the product or tag, 17.2 Every heavy and medium structural mill product and each plate of thickness 10 mm and over shall be marked with the cast number. In case of plates below 10 mm thickness, the top plate of cach pile (which may consist of approximately 16 plates ) shall be marked with cast number and the remaining plates have suitable identification marking. 17.3 The material may also be marked with the Standard Mark. Details are available with the Bureau of Indian Standards. INDIAN STANDARDS ON STRUCTURAL STEELS IS No. 226 : 1975 1977 : 1975 2062 : 1984 2830 : 1975 2831 : 1975 3039 : 1988 6914 : 1978 6915 ; 1978 on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under | | ‘The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian | Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark | | | Standard Mark Title Structural steel (standard quality ) ( fifth revision ) Structural steel ( ordinary quality ) ( second revision ) Structural steel ( fusion welding quality ) ( second revision ) Carbon steel billets, blooms and slabs for re-rolling into structural steel (standard quality ) (first revision ) Cabon steel billets, blooms and slabs for re-rolling into structural steel (ordinary quality ) ( second revision ) Structural steel ( shipbuilding quality ) ( first revision ) Carbon steel cast billet ingots and continuously cast billets for rolling into structural steel ( standard quality ) ( first revision ) Carbon steel cast billet ingots and continuously cast billets for rolling into structural steel ( ordinary quality ) ( first revision ) which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or | producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. | st AMENDMENT NO. 1 NOVEMBER 1993 IS 8500: 1991 STRUCTURAL STEEL — MICROALLOYED (MEDIUM AND HIGH STRENGTH QUALITIES) — SPECIFICATION (First Revision) , Table 2, col 3, headed under Yield Strength, Min ) — Substitute (Page 3, clause 7.2.1, line 11) — Substitute ‘as* for ‘ate’ (Page 6, clause 10.2.1, line 2) — Substitute ‘arise’ for ‘aris’ (MTD 4) a Reprography Watt BIS, New Dati, Tdi AMENDMENT NO. 2 MAY 1995 TO is 8500:1991 STRUCTURAL STEEL — MICROALLOYED (MEDIUM AND HIGH STRENGTH QUALITIES ) — SPECIFICATION - (First Revision) (Page 4, clause 8.6, second sentence ) — Delete. .. (MTD 4) eT Reprograply Unie BIS, New Deli, india AMENDMENT NO. 3 OCTOBER 1997 TO IS 8500: 1991 STRUCTURAL STE! MICROALLOYED ( MEDIUM AND HIGH STRENGTH QUALITIES ) — SPECIFICATION (First Revision ) (Page 1, clause 2) — Substitute "1608 : 1995 Mechanical testing of metals — Tensile testing ( second revision ) for 1608 : 1972 Method for tensile testing, of steel products ( first revision ). ( Page 3, Table 2, Caption ‘Mechanical Properties’) — Substitute “Clauses9.3, 103.1 and 11.4" for ‘Clause 8.3" (Page 4, clause 9.2, lines 7 and 8) — Substitute “IS 1608 : 1995" for “IS 1608 : 1972" (Page 4, clause 9.3, line 3.) — Substitute IS 1608 : 1995" for IS 1608 1972" (Page 6, clause 11.4) —lusen the following at the beginning of para “The material represented shall be deemed to comply with the standard if the average value of 3 test specimens meet the requirentents given in Table 2. (MTD 4) Weprogeaphy Unis HIS, New Dati, fads AMENDMENT NO. 4 MARCH 2002 TO IS 8500: 1991 STRUCTURAL STEEL — MICROALLOYED (MEDIUM AND HIGH STRENGTH QUALITIES) — SPECIFICATION (First Revision ) ( Page 3, Table 2, Note 2) — Substitute the following for the existing “Higher impact values and temperntue of izapact tonplines tet is mbject to mutual agreement" (Page 4, clause 9.1.1) — Substitute the following for the existing: ‘9.1.1 Plates, Sections ( Angles, Tees Beams, Channels, etc and Flats} Number of samples to be tested from a castheat and a class of steel product (namely, plate sections and flats) shall be as follows: 1) for cast/heat size upto 100 Tonnes — 2 samples ») for cast size between 100-200 Tonnes — 3 samples ©) for cast size over 200 Tonnes — 4 samples." (MTD 4) Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality Certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be’ addressed to the Director Publications }, BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are’ in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be Sent (0 BIS giving the following reference: Doc : No. MTD 4 ( 3692) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 O1 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shab Zafar Marg 311 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 {1 13 75 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 86 62 ' CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SCO 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38.43 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113, 235 02 16 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branches: AHMADABAD, BANGALORE, BHOPAL, BHUBANESHWAR, COIMBATORE, PARIDABAD, GHAZIABAD, GUWAHATI, HYDERABAD, JAIPUR, KANPUR, PATNA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. . Printed at Printwell Printers, Aligarh, Todia

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