Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys and Feroalloys
A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe
and Tubing
E 309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
2.2 ANSI Standards:4
B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
2.3 SAE Standard:5
SAE J 1086
2.4 Other Standard:6
SNT-TC-1A Personal Qualification and Certification in
Nondestructive Testing
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification2 covers seamless and straight-seam
welded ferritic/austenitic steel pipe intended for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress
corrosion cracking. These steels are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for
pipe when a greater degree of testing is desired. These
supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made
and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the
order.
1.3 Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions
of welded and seamless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI
B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished
provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this
specification.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.
3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification refer to Terminology A 941.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
material adequately:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
4.1.2 Name of material (ferritic/austenitic steel pipe),
4.1.3 Process (seamless or welded),
4.1.4 Grade (see Table 1),
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 790/A 790M 03.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA790 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
6
Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.
Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
A 790/A 790M 04
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment
UNS
Designation
Temperature
S31803
18702010F
[10201100C]
18702010F
[10201100C]
18001900F
[9801040C]
19202010F
[10501100C]
1900F [1040C] min
18702010F
[10201100C]
17001920F
[9251050C]
19202060F
[10251125C]
18802060F
[10251125C]
20102085F
[11001140C]
17001750F
[925955C]
18201880F
[9901025C]
19752155F
[10801180C]
19752050F
[10801120C]
19001980F
[10401080C]
18502050F
[10101120C]
S32205
S31500
S31200
S32550
S31260
S32304
S39274
S32750
S32760
S32900
S32950
S39277
S32520
S32906
S32003
Quench
Rapid cooling in air or water
Rapid cooling in air or water
5. General Requirements
5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
Specification A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein.
4.1.5 Size (NPS designator or outside diameter and schedule number of average wall thickness),
4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (see Section 11),
4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A 999/
A 999M),
4.1.8 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 9;
hydrostatic test or nondestructive electric test, Section 14),
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements as
prescribed in Table 2.
Mn
S31803
S32205
S31500
S32550
S31200
S31260
0.030 max
0.030 max
0.030 max
0.04 max
0.030 max
0.030 max
2.00 max
2.00 max
1.202.00
1.50 max
2.00 max
1.00 max
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.045
0.030
S32304
S39274
0.030 max
0.030 max
2.50 max
1.00 max
S32750
S32760
0.030 max
0.05 max
S32900
S32950
S39277
S32520
S32906
0.08 max
0.030 max
0.025 max
0.030 max
0.030 max
S32003
0.030 max
A
B
max
max
max
max
max
max
Ni
Cr
Mo
Cu
Others
...
...
...
...
...
W
0.100.50
...
W
1.502.50
...
W
0.501.00
40 minB
...
...
W 0.81.2
...
...
...
...
max
max
max
max
max
max
1.00 max
1.00 max
1.402.00
1.00 max
1.00 max
0.75 max
4.56.5
4.56.5
4.25.2
4.56.5
5.56.5
5.57.5
21.023.0
22.023.0
18.019.0
24.027.0
24.026.0
24.026.0
2.53.5
3.03.5
2.503.00
2.93.9
1.202.00
2.53.5
0.080.20
0.140.20
0.050.10
0.100.25
0.140.20
0.100.30
...
...
...
1.502.50
...
0.200.80
0.040 max
0.030 max
0.040 max
0.020 max
1.00 max
0.80 max
3.05.5
6.08.0
21.524.5
24.026.0
0.050.60
2.53.5
0.050.20
0.240.32
0.050.60
0.200.80
1.20 max
1.00 max
0.035 max
0.030 max
0.020 max
0.010 max
0.80 max
1.00 max
6.08.0
6.08.0
24.026.0
24.026.0
3.05.0
3.04.0
0.240.32
0.200.30
0.5 max
0.501.00
1.00 max
2.00 max
0.80 max
1.5 max
1.50 max
0.80 min
2.00 max
0.040
0.035
0.025
0.035
0.030
0.030
0.010
0.002
0.020
0.030
0.75
0.60
0.80
0.80
0.50
2.55.0
3.55.2
6.58.0
5.58.0
7.5 max
5.8 min
3.0-4.0
23.028.0
26.029.0
24.026.0
24.026.0
30.0 max
28.0 min
19.5-22.5
1.002.00
1.002.50
3.04.0
3.05.0
2.60 max
1.50 min
1.50-2.00
...
0.150.35
0.230.33
0.200.35
0.40 max
0.30 min
0.14-0.20
...
...
1.202.00
0.53.00
0.80 max
...
...
max
max
max
max
max
0.030 max
0.020
0.020
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
Si
max
max
max
max
max
0.020 max
max
max
max
max
max
1.00 max
New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J1086.
% Cr + 3.3 3 % Mo + 16 3 % N.
A 790/A 790M 04
8. Heat Analysis
8.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified.
9. Product Analysis
9.1 At the request of the purchasers inspector, an analysis
of one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat,
or two pipes from each lot, shall be made by the manufacturer.
A lot of pipe shall consist of the following number of lengths
of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel:
NPS Designator
Under 2
2 to 5, incl
6 and over
11.1.2 If definite cut lengths are desired, the lengths required shall be specified in the order. No pipe shall be less than
the specified length and no more than 14 in. [6 mm] over it.
11.1.3 No jointers are permitted unless otherwise specified.
12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
12.1 The finished pipes shall be reasonably straight and
shall have a workmanlike finish. Imperfections may be removed by grinding, provided the wall thicknesses are not
decreased to less than that permitted, in the Permissible
Variations in Wall Thickness Section of Specification A 999/
A 999M.
Tensile
Strength,
min, ksi
[MPa]
S31803
90 [620]
95 [655]
S32205A
S31500
92 [630]
S32550
110 [760]
S31200
100 [690]
100 [690]
S31260B
S32304
87 [600]
S39274
116 [800]
S32750
116 [800]
S32760
109130 [750895]
S32900
90 [620]
100 [690]
S32950C
S39277
120 [825]
S32520
112 [770]
S32906
Wall below
116 [800]
0.40 in.
(10 mm)
Wall 0.40 in.
109 [750]
(10 mm)
and above
S32003
90 [620]
Elongation
Yield
Strength, in 2 in. or
min,
50 mm,
ksi [MPa]
min, %
65
65
64
80
65
65
58
80
80
80
70
70
90
80
Hardness, max
Brinell
HRC
[450]
[450]
[440]
[550]
[450]
[450]
[400]
[550]
[550]
[550]
[485]
[480]
[620]
[550]
25
25
30
15
25
25
25
15
15
25
20
20
25
25
290
290
290
297
280
...
290
310
300
270
271
290
290
310
30
30
30
31
...
...
30
...
32
...
28
30
30
...
94 [650]
25
300
32
80 [550]
25
300
32
65 [450]
25
290
30
Prior to A 790/A 790M 04, the value for the tensile strength of S32205 was
90 ksi [620 MPa].
B
Prior to A 790/A 790M 87, the values for S31260 were: 92 ksi tensile
strength, 54 ksi yield strength, and 30 % elongation.
C
Prior to A 790/A 790M 89, the tensile strength value was 90 ksi for UNS
S32950.
A 790/A 790M 04
14.4 Time of ExaminationNondestructive testing for
specification acceptance shall be performed after all mechanical processing, heat treatments, and straightening operations.
This requirement does not preclude additional testing at earlier
stages in the processing.
14.5 Surface Condition:
14.5.1 All surfaces shall be free of scale, dirt, grease, paint,
or other foreign material that could interfere with interpretation
of test results. The methods used for cleaning and preparing the
surfaces for examination shall not be detrimental to the base
metal or the surface finish.
14.5.2 Excessive surface roughness or deep scratches can
produce signals that interfere with the test.
14.6 Extent of Examination:
14.6.1 The relative motion of the pipe and the transducer(s),
coil(s), or sensor(s) shall be such that the entire pipe surface is
scanned, except as in 14.6.2.
14.6.2 The existence of end effects is recognized and the
extent of such effects shall be determined by the manufacturer
and, if requested, shall be reported to the purchaser. Other
nondestructive tests may be applied to the end areas, subject to
agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
14.7 Operator QualificationsThe test unit operator shall
be certified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A, or an equivalent
recognized and documented standard.
14.8 Test Conditions:
14.8.1 For eddy-current testing, the excitation coil frequency shall be chosen to ensure adequate penetration yet
provide good signal-to-noise ratio.
14.8.2 The maximum eddy-current coil frequency used
shall be as follows:
On specified walls up to 0.050 in.100 KHz max
On specified walls up to 0.150 in.50 KHz max
On specified walls over 0.150 in.10 KHz max
14.8.3 UltrasonicFor examination by the ultrasonic
method, the minimum nominal transducer frequency shall be
2.00 MHz and the maximum nominal transducer size shall be
1.5 in. If the equipment contains a reject notice filter setting,
this shall remain off during calibration and testing unless
linearity can be demonstrated at that setting.
14.9 Reference StandardsReference standards of convenient length shall be prepared from a length of pipe of the same
grade, size (NPS, or outside diameter and schedule or wall
thickness), surface finish and heat treatment condition as the
pipe to be examined.
14.9.1 For Ultrasonic Testing, the reference ID and OD
notches shall be any one of the three common notch shapes
shown in Practice E 213, at the option of the manufacturer. The
depth of each notch shall not exceed 12 12 % of the specified
nominal wall thickness of the pipe or 0.004 in., whichever is
greater. The width of the notch shall not exceed twice the
depth. Notches shall be placed on both the OD and ID surfaces.
14.9.2 For Eddy-Current Testing, the reference standard
shall contain, at the option of the manufacturer, any one of the
following discontinuities:
14.9.2.1 Drilled Hole The reference standard shall contain three or more holes equally spaced circumferentially
around the pipe and longitudinally separated by a sufficient
A 790/A 790M 04
14.10.5 If upon any standardization, the rejection amplitude
has decreased by 29 % (3 dB) of peak height from the last
standardization, the pipe since the last calibration shall be
rejected. The test system settings may be changed or the
transducer(s), coil(s), or sensor(s) adjusted and the unit restandardized. But all pipe tested since the last acceptable standardization must be retested for acceptance.
14.11 Evaluation of Imperfections:
14.11.1 Pipes producing a signal equal to or greater than the
lowest signal produced by the reference standard(s) shall be
identified and separated from the acceptable pipes. The area
producing the signal may be reexamined.
14.11.2 Such pipes shall be rejected if the test signal was
produced by imperfections that cannot be identified or was
produced by cracks or crack-like imperfections. These pipes
may be repaired per Sections 12 and 13. To be accepted, a
repaired pipe must pass the same non-destructive test by which
it was rejected, and it must meet the minimum wall thickness
requirements of this specification.
14.11.3 If the test signals were produced by visual imperfections such as: (1) scratches, (2) surface roughness, (3) dings,
( 4) straightener marks, (5) cutting chips, (6) steel die stamps,
(7) stop marks, or (8) pipe reducer ripple. The pipe may be
accepted based on visual examination, provided the imperfection is less than 0.004 in. (0.1 mm) or 12 12 % of the specified
wall thickness (whichever is greater).
14.11.4 Rejected pipe may be reconditioned and retested
providing the wall thickness is not decreased to less than that
required by this or the product specification. The outside
diameter at the point of grinding may be reduced by the amount
so removed. To be accepted, retested pipe shall meet the test
requirement.
14.11.5 If the imperfection is explored to the extent that it
can be identified as non-rejectable, the pipe may be accepted
without further test providing the imperfection does not encroach on the minimum wall thickness.
12 to 114
114 to 2
2 to 5
5
Hole Diameter
0.039 in. (1 mm)
0.055 in. (1.4 mm)
0.071 in. (1.8 mm)
0.087 in. (2.2 mm)
0.106 in. (2.7 mm)
A 790/A 790M 04
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSFOR PIPE REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the
purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is provided
in the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,
retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.
ment is specified, the number of tests per pipe shall also be
specified. If a specimen from any length fails because of lack
of ductility prior to satisfactory completion of the first step of
the flattening test requirement, that pipe shall be rejected
subject to retreatment in accordance with Specification A 999/
A 999M and satisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length
of pipe fails because of a lack of soundness that length shall be
rejected, unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remaining length is sound.
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. Table X1.1 IS BASED ON TABLE 1 OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR STAINLESS STEEL PIPE (ANSI
B36.19-1965)
NOTE 1The decimal thickness listed for the respective pipe sizes represents their nominal or average wall dimensions.
Outside Diameter
NPS
Designator
14
38
12
34
1.0
114
112
2
212
3
312
4
5
18
in.
mm
0.405
0.540
0.675
0.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375
2.875
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.563
10.29
13.72
17.15
21.34
26.67
33.40
42.16
48.26
60.33
73.03
88.90
101.60
114.30
141.30
Schedule 10SA
Schedule 40S
Schedule 80S
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
...
...
...
0.065B
0.065B
0.065B
0.065B
0.065B
0.065B
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.083
0.109B
...
...
...
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.65
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.11
2.77
0.049B
0.065B
0.065B
0.083B
0.083B
0.109B
0.109B
0.109B
0.109B
0.120B
0.120B
0.120B
0.120B
0.134B
1.24
1.65
1.65
2.11
2.11
2.77
2.77
2.77
2.77
3.05
3.05
3.05
3.05
3.40
0.068
0.088
0.091
0.109
0.113
0.133
0.140
0.145
0.154
0.203
0.216
0.226
0.237
0.258
1.73
2.24
2.31
2.77
2.87
3.38
3.56
3.68
3.91
5.16
5.49
5.74
6.02
6.55
0.095
0.119
0.126
0.147
0.154
0.179
0.191
0.200
0.218
0.276
0.300
0.318
0.337
0.375
2.41
3.02
3.20
3.73
3.91
4.55
4.85
5.08
5.54
7.01
7.62
8.08
8.56
9.52
A 790/A 790M 04
Outside Diameter
NPS
Designator
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
A
B
in.
mm
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
22.000
24.000
30.000
168.28
219.08
273.05
323.85
355.60
406.40
457.20
508.00
558.80
609.60
762.00
Schedule 10SA
Schedule 40S
Schedule 80S
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
0.109
0.109B
0.134B
0.156B
0.156B
0.165B
0.165B
0.188B
0.188B
0.218B
0.250
2.77
2.77
3.40
3.96
3.96
4.19
4.19
4.78
4.78
5.54
6.35
0.134B
0.148B
0.165B
0.180B
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.218B
0.218B
0.250
0.312
3.40
3.76
4.19
4.57
4.78
4.78
4.78
5.54
5.54
6.35
7.92
0.280
0.322
0.365
0.375B
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
7.11
8.18
9.27
9.52B
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
0.432
0.500
0.500B
0.500B
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
10.97
12.70
12.70B
12.70B
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Schedules 5S and 10S wall thicknesses do not permit threading in accordance with the American National Standard for Pipe Threads (ANSI B1.20.1).
These do not conform to the American National Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe (ANSI B36.10-1979).
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 790/A 790M 03, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved March 1, 2004)
(1) Corrected editorial mistake in the Silicon value for S32906
in Table 2.
(2) Revised tensile strength for S32205 in Table 3.
(3) Changed Note 3 to paragraph 13.2.
(4) Added direct quenching after hot forming option to new
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue, A 790/A 790M 02a,
that may impact the use of this specification (Approved April 10, 2003)
(1) Added hardness test sampling requirements to new paragraph 13.4.
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue, A 790/A 790M 02,
that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 10, 2002)
(1) Modified harness values referenced in Table 3: Tensile and
Hardness Requirements.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).