Crash course :

Thermodynamics :
Teacher : Dr. Muhammad Umair
Dated : oct ,20,2016
DIFFERENCE B/W ENTHALPY AND ENOTROPY:
Entropy :
Heat flowed out of the system and cant be retained, so here
this is disorderness , because this heat is no more useful for the
environment . so entropy can be termed as disorderness and
this is irreversible action .
Enthalpy:
Enthalpy can be termed as heat change in a system .

tempetur
ee

At constant
temperature,
B.P

Latent
heat

Sensible
heat

heat

Sensible heat :
Heat that can be sensed/felt .
Unit :KJ/kg/C
S.H of water : 4.2KJ/kg/C
Latent heat :
Heat that changes the phase of substance

L.H of water :2253KJ/kg

Question :

If we need to convert 1g
of water to steam ,
energy neede will be
2253KJ/kg

If t=100 degree celcius , what would be

S.H?
Answer :
As S.H of watee is 4.2 , so at 100 degree celcius , it will be
4.2x100=420KJ/kg.
Question :
Whats the difference between
pressurized and vacuum ?
Answer
Vacuum will be created , if pressure is
less then atm pressire i-e 1atm
And anything will said to be pressurized
if pressure is more then 1atm

How to get know about

leakage or how to
identify that either the
material is pressurized or
under pressure?
If vacuum is there ,
suction will be produced
and air bubbles will start
vanishing from the hole ,
and if any pressurized
material gets leaked air
bubbles will start coming

Oct,27,2016
Difference between centre of gravity and centroid .
Centroid:
It is the geometric centre of the body.
Centre of gravity :
Is the point where all the weight of the body is considered to be
acting.
Centroids of different shapes is mentioned below.
c
b
b/2,c/2

centre of gravity of triangle , is the point where medians

intersect ,
question :
how to find volume of given shape ?

8
6

12

Answer:

Will divide the figure int two parts :

First will find the volume of rectangle and then triangle .
Volume of rectangle :
volume =LxWxH
=12 x 4 x 6
=288 cubic ft
Volume of triangle:
Volme =0.5 x base x height
=0.5 x 4 x 2
=4 cubic ft
Total volme = 4+288

=292 cubic ft

3rd nov,16
Difference between bolt , screw and nut ?
Answer :
The rod with threads and a head is a bolt,
and alongside it is a nut.
An externally threaded fastner capable of being inserted into the holes inside assembled
parts (now comes the difference) of mating with a pre formed internal thread or forming it's
own thread is called a screw.

Figure : screw
and bolt

Figure : nut

Numerical problem :
Determne and specify the resultant force acting on block?

F2=5N

F1=10N
W=100k

F3=20N

Solution :
Fm
Fn
2

2+

R=

R=Fm+Fn
Fm=0
FN=0
F1m-F2m+F3
F2n+F1n-w
F= F 1 sinF 2 sin + F 3

F 1cos mg
F 2 cos

Short Questions :
1. Difference between entropy and enthalpy . give examples
2. Difference between sensible heat and latent heat, write
units and write value of both in case of water

3. If temperature is 100 degrees , what would be sensible

heat of water ?
4. How you would diffrenciate if any material is in
pressurized condition or in vacuum ?
5. What Difference between centre of gravity and centroid?
6. What is Difference between couple an moment ?
7. Whats is the Difference between nut,bolt and screw ?
show figures also .
8. In wrench , why there is a circle near its one end ?
9. What is the Difference between drag and pull? explain
with figure.
10.
Write main Rules
of writng unit symbols .
11.
Why the term
discharge cant be used in case of gases ?
12.
Difference
between shorter and longer wavelengths?
13.
What is the
difference between renewable and non-renewable enrgy
sources . enlist both of them
14.
What do you mean
by the term green house effect?
15. Units of pressure .