Proper Concrete

Design Methodology
Roger Faulkner, PE
Director of Engineering & Promotion
Ohio Concrete

Overview

TYPES OF PAVEMENT

ASSOCIATED DESIGN METHODS

PARKING LOT DESIGN
PAVING The New Realities

TYPES OF PAVEMENT

Highways
Design Speed: 55 mph and greater
High Frequency of Heavy Truck Loads

Streets and Local Roads

Design Speed: 25 mph to 45 mph
Low to Medium Frequency of Heavy Truck Loads

Parking Lots and Drives

Design Speed: Typically Less than 15 mph
Minimal (or None) to Low Frequency of Heavy Truck Loads

DESIGN METHODS

Highways
Linear Pavement 2 or more lanes wide
Transverse Joints - Dowels
Edge Support Tied Shoulders
Concrete Design Thickness 9 or greater

AASHTO 1993 Highway Design Guide

ODOT Pavement Design Manual
ACPA WinPAS Software

DESIGN METHODS

Streets and Local Roads

Linear Pavement 2 or more lanes wide
Transverse Joints Dowels if Needed
Edge Support Curb and Gutter or widened lane
Concrete Design Thickness 6 to 8

ACPA
StreetPave Software

DESIGN METHODS

Parking Lots and Drives

Complex Area Pavement Width Varies
Joints Square Panels or Length to Width <1.25
Edge Support Integral Curb or Thickened Edge
Concrete Design Thickness 4 to 8

American Concrete Institute

ACI 330R-08 Guide for the Design and
Construction of Concrete Parking Lots

PARKING LOT DESIGN

ACI 330R-08
Section 3.6
Thickness Design
Plain Concrete
Pavement

PARKING LOT DESIGN

ACI 330R-08, Section 3.6
Traffic Categories

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Subgrade Support
Typ. K=100 psi/in.

Concrete Flexural Strength

MOR (psi) = 10 x Square Root of fc
For fc= 3500 to 5000 psi
MOR = 600 to 670 psi

Table 3.4, Recommended 20 Year

Design Thicknesses, with no dowels

PARKING LOT DESIGN

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Steel Reinforcement
Per 3.8.1 The use of distributed steel
reinforcement will not add to the load-carrying
capacity of the pavement and should not be
used in anticipation of poor construction
practices.
Replaced with Shorter Joint Spacings

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Joint Spacing
Per Section 3.7
Joint Patterns should be approx. square
Length Not > than 125% of Width
Spacing = 2 x thickness in Feet

Jointing Pattern can be used to delineate

parking lanes and parking stalls

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Tie-Bars
Per 3.8.3 Tie only the first longitudinal joint
from the pavement edge to keep the outside slab
from separating
Tie Centerline Joints of Entrance Drives
No. 4, dia. Typ. 24 long (See Table 3.7)
30 spacing

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Dowels
Per 3.8.2 Dowels generally not needed for
parking lots
Per Table 3.4 Category D Thickness can be
reduced 1 to 7, if dowels are used

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Table 3.4 of ACI 330R-08
Developed using
ACPAStreetPave Computer
Program MC003
It is a pavement design tool for
low volume roads (streets &
local roads)
It is based on the PCAs
pavement thickness design
methodology

PCA assesses adequacy of

concrete thickness using both
fatigue and erosion criteria

PARKING LOT DESIGN

Engineering Services Center ESC

CAD parking lot and intersection layout
Concrete Mix Design
Pavement Thickness and Joint Spacing

FREE Service!

Paving - The New Realities

Concrete and Asphalt have reached parity on
Initial Cost
ODOT Initiated Alternate Pavement Bids
Those Projects Yielded HUGE Cost Savings

ODOT Alternate Bid Projects

5 Projects Bid in 2009 w/ Alternate Pavement Bids
States Estimate for the 5 Projects - $405 Million
Total Award for the 5 Projects - $345 Million
$60 Million Cost Savings or approx. 15%
Non-Alternate Bid Projects
3 Asphalt Only - $170 M Est., $157 M Award
$13 Million Savings Ave. 7% Cost Savings

Alternate Bids Yield TWICE the Costs Savings!

ODOT Alternate Bid Projects

Key Aspects of Alternate Bid Process
Increased Competition
More bidders
Plus, competition between Asphalt and Concrete Industries

No Material Price Adjustments

ODOT Proposal Note 115, Price Adjustment Exclusions

Contractor Required to Submit Prices for Both

ODOT chooses the alternate

ODOT Drafts New Policy

Projects require an LCCA for both concrete and
asphalt pavement alternates
If LCCAs >10%
Alternate with Lower LCCA is selected alternate
An Updated LCCA Required before Final Tracings
If LCCAs still >10% - project bid with original alternate
If LCCAs <10% - plans modified to bid with both concrete and
asphalt pavement alternates

If LCCAs <10%
Plans developed to bid for both concrete and asphalt alternates

Questions?

Proper Concrete
Design Methodology
THANK YOU !