Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Software-Defined Networking
(SDN)
and Network Programmability
Jason Davis, Distinguished Engineer (Services)
BRKRST-1014
Abstract
SDN is an exciting new approach to network IT Service Management. You may have questions about SDN,
Controllers, APIs, Overlays, OpenFlow and ACI. You may also be wondering what products and services are SDNenabled and how you can solve your unique business challenges and enhance your differentiated services by
leveraging network programmability.
In this introductory session we will cover the genesis of SDN, what it is, what it is not, and Cisco's involvement in this
space. Cisco's SDN-enabled Products and Services will be explained enabling you to consider your own
implementations. Since SDN extends network flexibility and functionality which impacts Network Engineering and
Operations teams, we'll also cover the IT Service Management impact.
Network engineers, network operation staff, IT Service Managers, IT personnel managers, and application/compute
SMEs will benefit from this session.
Agenda
What are the Use Cases and Problems Solved with SDN?
An Overview of OpenFlow
An Overview of ACI
SDN is
a new approach at network transformation*
empowering external influencers to network design and operations
SDN is not
an easy button [but is intending to make things easier for all!]
a panacea or end-state
narrowly defined
meaning the death of network engineers
a mandate for all network engineers to become C and Java programmers
a new ISDN service from Apple called iSDN
a new attempt at network evolution
I Wants
SDN
Overlays / Encapsulations
MPLS
VPLS
VPN
GRE Tunnels
LISP
Control Plane / Data Plane
Separation
Centralized Control
SS7
ATM LANE
Wireless LAN Controller
GMPLS
Management and
Programmatic Interfaces
SNMP
NETCONF
EEM
2008
http://cleanslate.stanford.edu/
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
DP
CP
CP
DP
DP
CP
DP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
Controller
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
CP
DP
Why Change?
Your Challenges
Consumption Economics
Research/
Academia
Massively Scalable
Data Center
Experimental
OpenFlow/SDN
components for
production networks
Network
Slicing
Customize with
Programmatic APIs to
provide deep insight
into network traffic
Network Flow
Management
Cloud
Automated
provisioning and
programmable
overlay, OpenStack
Scalable
Multi-Tenancy
Service
Providers
Policy-based control
and analytics to
optimize and
monetize
service delivery
Enterprise
Virtual workloads, VDI,
Orchestration of
security profiles
Private Cloud
Automation
Centralized configuration,
management/control, monitoring of
network devices (physical or virtual)
!
Weather-Based Routing
API
GUI
Staff Directory
WAN1 (MPLS)
WAN2 (EPL)
WAN3 (Internet)
UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
Remote
Classroom
An Overview of OpenFlow
What is OpenFlow?
API
Application
OF Controller
OF
AGENT
ONF Board
ONF Members
3TEN8
6WIND
A10 Networks
Active Broadband Networks
ADVA Optical Networking
Alcatel-Lucent
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
Applied Micro Circuits
Aricent Group
Arista Networks
Aruba Networks
ATTO Research Korea
Auvik Networks
Baidu Online Network Technology Co
Ltd.
Barefoot Networks
Beijing Internet Institute (BII)
Big Switch Networks
BISDN
Blue Ocean Networks Pty LTD
Broadcom
Brocade Communication Systems
BTI Systems
Centec Networks
Ceragon Networks
China Mobile Research Center
China Telecom
Ciena
Cisco Systems
Citrix Systems
Colt Technology Services
Coriant
Corsa Technology
Criterion Networks (I) Pvt Ltd
Cyan
Dell/Force10 Networks
Digital China Networks Ltd (DCN)
ECI Telecom
Equinix
Ericsson
EstiNet Technologies Inc.
ETRI (Electronics and
Telecommunications Research
Institute)
Extreme Networks
F5
Fiberhome Technologies
FishNet Security
Freescale Semiconductor Inc
Friesty
Fujitsu
Gencore Systems
Gigamon
GlimmerGlass
GuardiCore Ltd.
H3C Technologies
Hitachi
HP
Huawei
IBM
Infinera
Infoblox
Institute for Information Industry (III)
Intel
Intelliment Security
Intune Networks
IP Infusion
Itential
ITRI (Industrial Technology Research
Institute)
Ixia
Juniper Networks
KDDI
Kemp Technologies
Konodrac
KT Corp. (Korea Telecom)
L3 Communications Systems - East
Lancope, Inc.
Level 3
LSI Corporation
Luxoft
Marvell
MediaTek
Mellanox Technologies
Metaswitch Networks
Midokura
MRV Communications
NAIM Networks
NCL Communication
NEC
Netgear
Netronome
NetScout
NoviFlow Inc.
NSN
NTT Data
OKI Electric Industry
Optelian
Oracle
Orange
Overture Networks
PCCW Global Ltd.
Pertino
Pica8
Plexxi Inc
PMC-Sierra Inc.
Procera Networks
Qosmos
Rackspace
Radware
Riverbed Technologies
Saisei Networks
http://opennetworking.org
Samsung
Sanctum Networks Ltd
SDN Essentials
SDN Solutions
SK Telecom
Spirent
Swisscom
Tail-f Systems
Tallac Networks
Tata Communications
Tekelec (Acquired by Oracle)
Telecom Italia
Telefonica
Telekom Malaysia - TM Research &
Development
Telesoft
Tellabs
Tencent, Inc.
Texas Instruments
Thales
Tilera
Transmode
TW Telecom
UBIqube Solutions
Vello Systems
Verizon
OF v1.0
Example
Source
MAC
3c:07:54:*
IP
SRC
IP
DEST
IP
Protoco
l
IP
TOS
TCP/U
DP
SRC
TCP/U
DP
DEST
Action
Priority
Fwd Port
10
100
Fwd Port
12
100
Fwd Port
100
25
Drop
100
0x0800
Controller
100
80
Fwd Port 8
200
80
Rewrite
10.1.2.3;
Fwd port 9
200
Local
200
Dest
MAC
Ether
Type
VLAN
ID
VLAN
*
Switching
*
*Routing*
Port 1
Replication/SPAN
*
*
Priorit
y
* Firewall/Security
*
*
Inspection
*
Vlan10
00:01:E7:*
*
*
Multi-action
; NAT
*Local handling
*
*
192.168.1.*
Combinations
*
*
192.168.1.*
10.*
1424
Counter
OF v1.0
Example
Required Actions
2
FLOW
TABLE
4
5
CPU
3
SWITCH FORWARDING
ENGINE
Redirect to OpenFlow
Controller
Forward to local
Forwarding Stack (CPU)
Forward to destination
port
Drop Packet
OF v1.0
Example
COUNTERS
ACTIONS
FLOW ENTRY
OpenFlow
Version
Introduced
Notable Features
Flow-spec
Tuple
1.0
2009-12
12
1.1
2011-02
15
1.2
2011-12
34
1.3
2012-06
38
1.3.1
2012-09
38
1.3.2
2013-04
38
1.4
2013-10
40
1.3.3
2013-12
40
1.3.4
2014-03
Clarify table feature wildcard list should not include fields that are mandatory in some context
Only
Add section about control channel maintenance
Push MPLS should add a MPLS header before the IP header and before MPLS tags, not
before
VLAN which is not valid
40
1.5
2014-12
Egress Tables; Packet aware pipeline (IP, PPP); flexible encoding - OpenFlow
eXtensible Statistics (OXS); set-field action wildcard; Controller connection status
44
OF v1.3
Example
Input
Switch
Port
Switch
Physical
Input
Port
IntraTable
Metadata
Etherne
t Dest
Addr
Ethernet
Source
Addr
Ethernet
Frame
Type
Input
VLAN
id
Input
VLAN
Priority
IP
DSCP
IP ECN
IP
Protocol
IPv4
Source
Addr
IPv4
Dest
Addr
. . .
TCP
Source
Port
TCP
Dest
Port
UDP
Source
Port
UDP
Dest
Port
SCTP
Source
Port
SCTP
Dest
Port
ICMP
Type
ICMP
Code
ARP
Opcode
ARP
Source
IPv4
Addr
ARP
Target
IPv4
Addr
IPv6
Source
Addr
IPv6
Dest
Addr
. . .
. . .
IPv6
Flow
Label
. . .
ICMPv
6 type
ICMPv
6 code
Target
Addr
for ND
Source
linklayer
for ND
Target
linklayer
for ND
MPLS
label
MPLS
TC
MPLS
BoS bit
PBBISID
Logical
Port
Metadata
IPv6
Extension
Header
pseudofield
PCEP
APIs
onePK
OpenFlow
I2RS
PCEP
BGP-LS/FS
Neutron
Management
Control
Forwarding
Device
Puppet
NETCONF
OMI
Puppet
NETCONF
Agent
Orchestration
Network Services
OMI
OpenStack
Agent
BGP
Diameter
Radius
SNMP
PCEP
Agent
BGP-LS/FS
Agent
I2RS
Agent
OpenFlow
Agent
Agent
Agent
Technical Advisory
Board seat
Puppet Agent
Modules
Puppet Labs
investor
Technical Advisory Group
Chair,
Working Groups:
Config, Hybrid, Extensibility,
Futures/FPMOD/OF2.0
Initiatives:
Neutron API
Donabe
Cisco Innovations:
OpenStack API for Nexus
OpenStack Extensions
Nexus 1000V
Highlights
Physical Networking Consistency NX-OS
Multi Hypervisor Consistency
Innovative Security and Monitoring Solutions
CP DP
NetVirt
API
Network
Admin
Virtual
Supervisor
Module
VSM
VSM
VEM:
Virtual Ethernet
Module
SCVMM,
OpenStack, vCD
Cloud/Server
Admin
VEM-1
Server 1
VEM-2
Server 2
VEM-N
Sever 3
Java
Python
Hardware Silicon
Physical Device
REST
DATA PATH
POLICY
ROUTING
ELEMENT
DISCOVERY
UTILITY
DEVELOPER
Deployment Models
End-Point Hosted
Blade Hosted
Container Hosted
AKA Process Hosted
Application
Application
Server
Service Blade
OnePK
Application
Router/Switch
OnePK
Router/Switch
OnePK
Overlays
Overlay / Virtual Network
Mobile
Scalable
Underlay / Fabric
High Capacity
Resilient
Layer-2 Overlays
+ Emulate L2 LAN Segment
+ Transport Ethernet Frames (IP and non-IP)
+ Can emulate physical topologies
-
Exposure to L2 Flooding
Layer-3 Overlays
+ Abstract IP-based connectivity
+ Transport IP Packets
+ Can emulate physical topologies
+ Full Mobility regardless of subnet
+ Contain Network Failures/Flooding
Tunnel End-Point
Network Overlays
VM
Physical
Physical
VM
Integrated Overlays
VM
Virtual
VM
Virtual
VM
VM
Virtual
Physical
Router/Switch end-points
Traditional VPNs
OTV, VXLAN, VPLS, LISP
Open Standards
ACI
VXLAN
LISP
MPLS
Nexus 1000V
OTV
ACI
VPLS
BRKDCT-1301
BRKDCT-2328
BRKDCT-2049
BRKDCT-3103
BRKDCT-2131
Mobility and Virtualization in the Data Center with LISP and OTV
An Overview of Network
Controllers
What Is OpenDaylight?
an open source project formed by industry leaders and others under the
Linux Foundation with the mutual goal of furthering the adoption and innovation
of Software Defined Networking (SDN) through the creation of a common
vendor supported framework.
Gold
Silver
OpenDaylight (ODL)
Network Applications
Cisco Sourced
3rd Parties
Customers
OpenDaylight Controller
Web UI
OSGI
Northbound APIs
RESTful
Stats Manager
Host Tracker
ARP Handler
Device Manager
OVSDB
Southbound APIs
NETWORK DEVICES
Cisco or Other OpenFlow-enabled Devices
Java Bundle
H/A
Lithium
June 2015 planned release
OpenDaylight Membership
Platinum Members
29
1
23
13
15
4
Source: http://spectrometer.opendaylight.org/?metric=loc
OpenDaylight
OpenFlow-enabled
devices that are
configured to this
controller
automatically show
up in the topology
OpenDaylight
What Is OSC?
http://cisco.com/go/opensdn or
https://developer.cisco.com/site/openSDN
Helium
XNC 1.x
Lithium
Community Support
Cisco Supported
OpenContrail
Plugin
LISP Flow
Mapping
DLUX
AAA
MD-SAL
Group Policy
Precluded
OpenDaylight
Content
VTN Project
Common Content
Incremental
Cisco
Value
Yang Tools
Openflow
Plugin
PacketCable
PCMM
Basic
Clustering
Controller
OVSDB
SNMP4SDN
Metrics
Aggregation
OVA Distribution
BGP-LS
Defense4all
L2 Switch
Log
Aggregation
SDNi
Monitoring
Central Admin
Service Function
Chaining
AD-SAL
PCEP
Secure Network
Bootstrap Infra
Plug-in Clustering
Sample Apps
To be contributed back
to the open community
Deployment Options
Standalone
3 Node Cluster
Deployment Experience
One Click Installation
Open Virtualization (OVA) Format
System management
System monitoring
Native Applications
BGPLS Manager
Visualize network
topology based on
Border Gateway
(BGP) Protocols
Call functions
Parameters
JSON body preview
System Management
Feature Administration
Provision
Enable / disable
User Administration
Provision
Role assignment
System Monitoring
Services Status
Details on each node in a cluster
System status
Controller status
Metrics status
Logs status
APIs
What Is APIC-EM?
Does NOT require programming experience [but does have REST NBI]
Cisco Sourced
Customers
3rd Parties
Web UI
Northbound APIs
RESTful
Investment
protection w/o
HW/SW upgrades
H/A
Policy Manager
Host Tracker
Clustering
QoS Manager
Network Discovery
iWAN
Topology Manager
Zero-Touch
Deployment (ZTD)
Device Manager
VTY
Southbound APIs
NETWORK DEVICES
Cisco Devices
Topology View
Application:
QoS Classification Management
Application:
Policy Analysis (ACL Trace Example)
What Is APIC?
Cisco Sourced
Customers
3rd Parties
Advanced GUI
with Extended
Features
Web UI
Python
Northbound APIs
RESTful
Controller Applications/Feature
System
Manager
OpFlex
Ciscos proposal
to IETF to
standardize a SBI
for policy
management
Tenant
Manager
OpFlex/ACI Agent
NETWORK DEVICES
Cisco Nexus 9k Family
Fabric
Manager
Southbound APIs
VM Manager
REST
L4-7 Services
Manager
Layer 4 - 7
Citrix
F5
Cisco
System
Management
Puppet Labs
Python
OpsCode
CFEngine
Storage
Management
NetApp
EMC
Corporation
Orchestration
Management
CloudStack
VMware
Red Hat
KVM
OpenStack
Microsoft
XenServer
Fabric inventory
Policy-Based
Provisioning
Security SME
App. SME
OS SME
APIC
Unified API
JSON + XML
Unified: automatically delegates request to corresponding
components
Transactional
Single Management Entity yet fully independent components
Object Oriented
Management Access
GUI
CLI
Web
Object
Browser
Python
SDK
Any APIC
R
E
S
T
API Tools
https://apic.local/api/mo/uni/tn-common.xml
APIC
APIC
DB
Programmable Fabric
Programmable Network
DB
Web
Web
App
Web
App
VxLAN-BGP EVPN
standard-based
Automation Ecosystem
(Puppet, Chef, Ansible etc.)
Common NX-API
across N2K-N9K
Mega Scale Datacenters
DB
Programmable Fabric
Programmable Network
DB
Web
Web
App
Web
App
Programmable Fabric
NX-API, VXLAN BGP EVPN Fabric, and Virtual Topology System (VTS)
VTS
NX-API
Operations /
Programmability
& Automation
BGP-EVPN VXLAN Fabric
Physical
Bare Metal
Virtual
DCI/WAN
VM
VM
OS
OS
Automated
DCI / WAN
Virtualized
vCenter
GUI
REST API
Automated
Flexible Overlays
VTS
Programmable Fabric
Custom Application
Development
DC
Repository
3rd party/custom apps
integration
Nexus
Open, Modular
Operating System
Toolset Integration in
Open NX-OS
Enhancements to existing
NX-API to support objectbased, model driven APIs
(RESTful XML/JSON)
Extensible
Open NX-OS
New SDK enables custom
application development with
option for securelxc
containers
CPU, memory, priority controls
CIAC
UCSD
PRIME INFRASTRUCTURE
& NAM
3rd Party
Apps
Operational Intelligence
Automated Service Provisioning
Dynamic Service Assurance
Catalog/
Provisioning
Fault/
Events
REST API
Control
Layer
APIC Controller
Network Intelligence
Device Layer Abstraction
Enterprise Module
Network Control
Policy Enforcement and Network
Change
Device
Layer
Cisco Devices
Data Center, Enterprise Networks
Controller Deployment
Branch
Campus
Data Center
Teleworker
You MUST have Focused, Intentional monitoring of the controllers they are
the brains!
You MUST implement Good RBAC, security and accounting lock-down the
controllers and APIs!
The Uncle Ben Principle - With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility
Likewise, now, we need the next generation of hybrid engineers to translate between
traditional network domain engineers and software/application developers
Regular Expression
XML / XSLT
Basic SQL
Business Application
Developer Network
Programmability Aware
System Engineer/
Network Designer
Network
Programmability
Developer
Network Engineer
Development
Curriculum
Network
Programmability
Designer
Support Engineer
Network
Programmability
Engineer
Traditional Networking
Infrastructure
Open Infrastructure
http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/certifications/specialist
Cisco Services
SMART
SERVICE
CAPABILITIES
Catalyst Environments
Automate Nexus
9000 deployment
and configuration
Migrate any
Cat6500 topology to
any Nexus 9000
topology
Advanced Services
best practices
Catalyst IOS to
NX-OS config
conversion
VSS
Deliverables
N/A
Outcomes
Share best practices and
knowledge
Increase competency and
speed to optimize ACI in
your environment
Gain valuable expertise by
having direct access to
Cisco consultants
Deliverables
Design document
Configuration migration
Operations guideline
Custom script development
Knowledge transfer
Outcomes
Blueprint for ACI
Accelerate time-to-value
attainment and production
24x7
CCIE professionals
24x7 global access by phone, web, or email
DevNet
http://
https://developer.cisco.com
DB
Programmable Fabric
Programmable Network
DB
Web
Web
App
Web
App
VxLAN-BGP EVPN
standard-based
Automation Ecosystem
(Puppet, Chef, Ansible etc.)
Common NX-API
across N2K-N9K
Mega Scale Datacenters
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Related sessions
Thank you
Description
Cisco Certification
Configure, implement and troubleshoot local and wide-area IPv4 and IPv6
networks. Also available in self study eLearning format with Cisco Learning
Lab.
Description
Cisco Certification
Prepare for your CCIE Data Center practical exam with hands on lab
exercises running on a dedicated comprehensive topology
Obtain the skills to deploy complex virtualized Data Center Fabric and
Computing environments with Nexus and Cisco UCS.
Learn basic data center technologies and how to build a data center
infrastructure.
Get a deep understanding of the Cisco data center product line including
the Cisco Nexus9K in ACI and NexusOS modes
Description
Cisco Certification
Description
Cisco Certification
FlexPod Design Specialist;
FlexPod Implementation &
Administration Specialist
CP Control Plane
DP Data Plane
OF OpenFlow
TLV Type-Length-Value
CA Controlled Availability
GA General Availability
ODL OpenDaylight
Basic Definitions
What Is Software Defined Network (SDN)?
What Is OpenFlow?
Source: www.opennetworking.org
What is OpenStack?
Open source software for building public
and private Clouds; includes Compute (Nova),
Networking (Quantum) and Storage (Swift)
services.
Note: Applicable to SDN and non-SDN
Source: www.openstack.org
Source: www.opennetworking.org
Available Now
IOS
15.4(2)T
ISR-G2 (39xx, 29xx, 19xx, 8xx)
IOS-XE
3.12S
ASR1000
ISR4400
CSR1000V
IOS-XR
5.1.2
ASR9K
NX-OS
SDK
C (GA)
Java (GA)
Python (GA)
vIOS (GA)
Available Now
IOS
Catalyst 6K (CA)
IOS-XE
Catalyst 3850
Catalyst 4K (CA)
IOS-XR
ASR9K (CA)
NX-OS
Example Please
Java HelloWorld from a Router via Syslog
/**
* Copyright (c) 2010-2012, Cisco Systems, Inc.
*
* THIS SAMPLE CODE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY BY CISCO SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE of
* PROVIDING PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES. CISCO SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY USE OF THE SAMPLE CODE IN ANY APPLICATION.
*
* Redistribution and use of the sample code, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following
* conditions are met: Redistributions of source code must retain the above disclaimer.
*
*/
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.cisco.onep.core.exception.OnepConnectionException;
import com.cisco.onep.core.exception.OnepDuplicateElementException;
import com.cisco.onep.core.exception.OnepIllegalArgumentException;
import com.cisco.onep.core.exception.OnepInvalidSettingsException;
...
. . .
try {
/**
** Connect to the network element.
**/
connect();
logger.info("Connect to element = " + elementAddress);
networkElement.createSyslogMessage(NetworkElement.OnepSyslogSeverity.ONEP_SYSLOG_NOTICE, "Hello World");
logger.info("Sending 'Hello World' message via Syslog event message\n");
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
}
networkElement.disconnect("Exit");
logger.info("\n**************** End ****************\n");
}
}
Result
NE100#sh logg
Syslog logging: enabled (0 messages dropped, 12 messages rate-limited, 0 flushes, 0 overruns, xml disabled,
Console logging: level debugging, 48 messages logged, xml disabled,
filtering disabled
Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged, xml disabled,
filtering disabled
Buffer logging: level debugging, 57 messages logged, xml disabled,
filtering disabled
Count and timestamp logging messages: disabled
Trap logging: level informational, 56 message lines logged
Logging Source-Interface:
VRF Name:
Log Buffer (4096 bytes):
*Aug 23 12:43:58.821: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Aug 23 12:51:53.535: %ONEP-5-HELLOWORLD: Hello World
NE100#
MATE
Design/Live
Bandwidth
Services
TE Tunnel
Manager
DC-WAN
Orch
Java/REST/Thrift APIs
Visualization &
Analytics
Bandwidth
Orchestration
WAVE
Collector &
Modeling
Programming
Collector API
Deployer API
Collector Server
agents
agents
DEPL
Collector/
ODL API
CDL/ODL
BGP-LS
Network
(Network Elements)
PCEP
NETCONF/
YANG
CLI
Benefits:
Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX
Faster service provisioning
Service agility
NFV
SDN
dDOS
SBC
Firewall
NAT
VM
VM
VM
VM
CGN
DPI
IPS
Virus Scan
VM
VM
VM
VM
DHCP
DNS
PCRF
Portal
VM
VM
VM
VM
WLC
RaaS
SDN Ctrl.
BRAS
VM
VM
VM
VM
NMS
Caching
CDN
WAAS
VM
VM
VM
VM
Network
Forwarding
(L0-3)
Network
Services
(L4+)
Compute
Bandwidth
NFV #1 Use-case
Compute
Bandwidth
Secondary
RR
IPv4
Primary
Server
IPv6
VPNv4
VPLS
8 RR chassis
IPv
4 IPv6
VPNv4
VPLS
Secondary
Server
IPv
4 IPv6
VPNv4
IPv6
2 Server Chassis
1 RR per VM
Routing
Cloud
Services
Router (CSR)
Shipping
Virtual Route
Reflector
(XRv)
Shipping
Virtual
Firewall
(ASAv)
FCS Q2 CY14
Virtual PE
Router
(Sunstone)
Pre-CC
Virtual BNG
(X-Star)
Pre-CC
Web/Email
Security
Appliance
(WSA/ESA)
FCS 2H CY14
Mobility
Virtual EPC
(QvPC SSI)
FCS Q2 CY14
Virtual EPC
(QvPC
SCALE)
FCS Q4 CY14
Virtual GiLAN
(Project Tenmile)
Video
Others
Cloud DVR
Virtual
WLC
vCDN
Virtual SCE
Orchestration
HERO
Mozart
Cloud Services Orchestration
FCS Q2 CY14
Quantum WAVE
WAN Orchestration
FCS Q2 CY14