MAPPING THE ROUTE FOR MOLDOVA

AND THE EU COOPERATION

WITHIN ENERGY UNION

ECOS
2016


ThispublicationhasbeenproducedwiththeassistanceoftheEuropeanUnion.Thecontentsofthis
publicationarethesoleresponsibilityofECOS(Moldova)andcaninnowaybetakentoreflecttheviews
oftheEuropeanUnion.

Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3
2. Energy security, solidarity and trust

2.1. National energy mix and prospective developments ..................................................... 6

2.2. Cooperation and confrontation in relations among suppliers and consumers .............. 8
2.3. Possible scenarios up to 2025, most eventual one and recommendations
to achieve better results ................................................................................................ 9
3. European energy market ..................................................................................................... 10
3.1. Place and role in integration of European energy market ............................................ 11
3.2. Place and role in integration with neighbors ................................................................ 12
3.3. Recommendations for national and EU authorities ..................................................... 13
4. Energy eciency contributing to moderation of demand .................................................. 14
4.1. Situation with energy eciency on legislative level and practical achievements in
comparison with the EU results by 2015 ............................................................................. 14
4.2. Where the EU could support enhancing energy eciency? ......................................... 15
4.3. National challenges and ways to solve them recommendations .............................. 15
5. Decarbonizing the economy 2 pages ............................................................................... 17
6. Research, Innovation and Competitiveness ........................................................................ 19
6.1. National potential in energy sector research (institutions, results in recent years) .... 20
6.2. Existing and possible cooperation with the EU institutions ......................................... 20
Conclusion and Recommendations:........................................................................................ 21


ExecutiveSummary

Presented paper was prepared on the base of the analysis of national plans, documents and
strategies including sectoral aimed at cooperation with EU in different domains targeted on
energysectoraccordingtotheprovisionsoftheAssociationagreement.Politicalobjectivesof
differentlevelofMoldavianauthoritiesforlast10yearsarebasedonEuropeanintegrationas
a key priority in social and economic development of the country. Actual paper addresses
energyissuesinimplementationoftheassociationAgreementandisfocusedontheroleofthe
national institutions, including civil society ones and Eastern Partnership project in possible
opportunitiesforenergysectordevelopmentinMoldova.
Efficient management of energy resources and assuring of energy security present main
prioritiesforthesectordevelopmentinthecountry.Possiblemeasurestomakeenergysupply
moresecurearepresentedinactualpaperwithanalysisofEaPactivitiesperformedinMoldova
withanalysisofenergyrelatedprojectsimplementedinthecountryforlast5years.Presented
material is also based on the analysis of visions of different authorities on energy issues and
possible ways on resolution of energy related issues, which Moldova faces due to different
reasons.
Paperalsopresentsshortdescriptionofactivities,whichhavebeenimplementedandplansof
different level of Moldavian authorities to overcome negative consequences of dependence
from a single source of gas supply, use of alternative sources of energy like biomass, energy
savingtechnologiesetc.SpecialattentionisgiventocooperationwithrelevantEUinstitution,
attractionoftheEUpracticesoninvolvementofthecivilsocietyinstitutionsindecisionmaking
processrelatedtotheenergysectorlikeestablishmentofthetariffsandassuretransparencyin
thisprocess.Presentedpaperalsoprovidesseveralrecommendationsonfurtherdevelopment
of cooperation between the EU and national institutions, working in the energy sector for
efficient attraction of the civil society organizations to decision making process. Eastern
partnership activities, which could be aimed at strengthening of cooperation for the
developmentoftheenergysectorinMoldovaarealsopresentedinactualpaper
Introduction
Moldova has signed and ratified Association Agreement with EU (2) on 27 June 2014. This
document covers practically all domains of social and economic development of the country
including energetic ones. The MoldovaEuropean Union Association Agreement is a treaty
between the European Union (EU), Euratom, their 28 Member States and Moldova. It
establishes a political and economic association framework for cooperation with EU. The
parties committed to cooperate and converge economic policy, legislation, and regulation
acrossabroadrangeofareas,includingthemodernizationofMoldova'senergyinfrastructure,
andaccesstotheEuropeanInvestmentBank.
Atpresent,thedevelopmentofenergysectorintheRepublicofMoldovaisregulatedbythe
Energy Strategy ofthe Republic ofMoldova until2020 (approved by the Government
Decisionno.958 from August 21, 2007),the main purpose ofwhichis to create
anefficientenergy complex, that ensures the country's energy security,modernization of
energyinfrastructureand integration intothe European energy market. According to the
provisions of this document Moldova has developed its national energy strategy, which was
approved by Governmental Decision Nr. 102 from 5 February 2013. The target year for
implementationofthisdocumentis2030withanintermediateyear2020
3

Moldova joined the Energy Community Treaty,onMarch 17, 2010andbecame afull

memberfromMay 1, 2010. It committed to Moldova arealistic timetablefor restructuring
thelocalenergy systemandcomplete transformation ofthe national energyacquits,
whichcreates afavorableeconomic and legalframework forenergy market functioningand
attractinginvestmentsinthisareainsafe,competitiveandenvironmentalfriendlyway.
Asignificant progress in thearea of energy efficiency,is the adoptionof the Law onEnergy
Efficiency(Law no.142 of February 07, 2010),harmonizedwithEU standardsand the creation
oftheEnergyEfficiencyAgency(byGovernmentDecisionno.1173ofDecember21,2010)the
authorityresponsibleforenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergysources.Environmentalissues
andenergysectorimpacton climate change are also a concern in the NationalEnergy
EfficiencyProgramfortheyears20112020.
Basedonthatdifferentlevelofauthorities(government,localpublicandsectoral,civilsociety)
appliestheireffortson:
1. strengthening the sector reform,by adopting of new legislationin energy sector
harmonizedwithrelevantEUregulations;
2. implementationof measures of aimed at increasing of energy efficiency and saving,
alternativeenergyuse
3. attractioninvestmentsinthesector,
4. Strengthening of theinstitutional capacities of different level of authorities and civil
societyorganizationsinvolvedintheenergysector.
AccordingtotheprovisionsofthenationalenergystrategyapprovedbyGovernmentalDecision
Nr. 102 from 5 February 2013, the target year for implementation of this document is 2030
withanintermediateyear2020.
Moldova has also signed an Energy Community Accession Protocol on 17 March 2010. It
facilitateddevelopmentofrelevantlegislationlikeLownr.107on17.12.2009onenergybills,
law123on23.12.2009onnaturalgas,law117XVIIIfrom23December2009onaccessionto
theEnergytreatyandlaw320from16.01.2009onregulationsintheactivityofNationalAgency
forRegulationsintheEnergyMarket(ANRE).Moldavianauthoritiesalsoexpressedreadiness
tojoinofMoldavianenergyauthoritiesisreadinessofthecountrytojoinEuropeanOperational
TransportandEnergynetwork(ENTSOE)by2020.
2.Energysecurity,solidarityandtrust
TheRepublicofMoldovaisanetimporterofenergy.Naturalgascomesmainlyfromonesource
Gazpromanditmakesthecountryverysensitiveanddependentonthissource.Theuseof
coalisverylimitedandthusMoldovahasagoodpreconditionfortheimplementationofthe
lowcarbonprovisionsofrelevantEUpolicy.
The EU Commission called for a comprehensive plan to reduce EU energy dependence from
Russia. Moldova is also mentioned in this document The Union should work closely with its
neighbors and partners within the Energy Community, notably Ukraine and Moldova, to
improve energy security. Moldova is committed to implementing the EUs Third Energy
package,whichisaconditionoftheDeepandComprehensiveFreeTradeAgreements(DCFTA).
CountryisalsomemberoftheEuropeanEnergyCommunity.Thisfacilitatesmoreintegration
intotheEUenergymarket.

ActuallyMoldavianandRomaniaauthoritiesarebuildinganinterconnectorwithMoldovawith
assistanceofEUprogram(thetrilateralRomaniaUkraineMoldovacrossbordercooperation),
which could supply up to 10% of Moldovas gas consumption. Critical decisions are expected
from the Moldovan government in setting up the necessary legislation that could open the
internal pipelines (owned by a local Gazprom subsidiary) for Romanian gas. However, 10% is
hardly enough to make Moldova truly independent. The continuation of the project by a
compressionstationandanotherpipelinetoChisinauwillbeabletocover6080%ofMoldovas
actual consumption. Estimated cost of the project is around 70 mln euro and relevant EU
assistanceisgoingtobeprovided20162017.MoldovanGovernmenthasalreadyexpressedits
intentiontocontractaloanfromtheEuropeanBankforReconstructionandDevelopmentor
theEuropeanInvestmentBanktopayforit.
Another key point for Moldova as associated country is the EUcompetition investigation
against Gazprom. In September 2012, the EuropeanCommission launched its antitrust
investigation against the Russian energy giant. EU commitment to Moldova is to enforce the
thirdenergypackagethusforcingtheMoldovangasnationalcompanyownedbyGazprom
toopenthemarket.
Main problems associated with generation, transportation and use of electricity and heat
productionareassociatedmainlywiththe:

LackofconnectiontotheENTSOE,
InsufficientcapacitiesoftheexistedlinestoconnecttotheEuropeaninternalmarket
Amortizedofexistedenergyfacilitiesinthecountry(mainlyinstalledandusedfromthe
soviet period). Overcoming of these issues is main energy security political agenda in
Moldovaandrelevantactivitiesarealsoaimedatthesavingofusedenergy.

Basedonthatenergyagendaofthecountryincludes:

ImplementationoftheprovisionsoftheAccessionTreatybetweenMoldovaandEUin
the field of energy: alternative energy resources use (biomass, wind energy, small
hydropowerstationsetc.),effectiveenergysaving,greeneconomy,etc.
FurtherintegrationwiththeEUenergymarket
Useofinternalenergyresourcesoil,gasfieldsinthesouthernpartsofthecountryfor
localenergysupply
Establishing of real tariffs for the energy use, which will cover operational and
incrementalcostsfortheenergyproduction
Reconstructionofexistedfacilities,especiallyinthecapitaltown(constructedin1964
1982)
Reductionoflossesindistributionsystem(actually5,5%fromgassystem,1315%from
electricity,2021%inheatingsystem)
Researchandinnovationactivitiesinthefieldofenergyequipmentmodernizing,useof
alternative sources of energy etc, development of relevant curriculums at the
Universities
Publicinvolvementinenergymanagement

TheseissuesarealsomentionedinthepoliticalagendaoftheNationalDevelopmentStrategy
of the Republic of Moldova (Moldova 2020) and for its implementation next activities are
presumed:

Constructionof139kmofpowerlinesand40kmofthegaspipelines
20%ofrenewablesourcesofenergyinoverallconsumptionand10%ofbiofuel
5

Assuretotal800MWproduction
Reducegreenhouseemissionby10%incomparisonwithexistedlevelofemissions
Energysavingmeasuresforgassystem39%,energydistributionby11%,thermalenergy
for5%(fordistributionnetworks)
To reduce energy consumption in buildings by 20%. In comparison with actual
consumption

2.1.Nationalenergymixandprospectivedevelopments
TheRepublicofMoldovaisanetimporterofenergy,thenaturalgaspurchasedfromasingle
sourcerepresentingthemajorsourceoffuel.Intermsofnaturalgas40.5%intheRepublicof
Moldova,meaningaboutalmosthalfofenergyconsumption.Theliquidfossilfuelcontribution
totheenergymixappearstobemorebalanced.Moldovasoil6reservesareverylowandare
locatedinthesouthofthecountry,beingpreviouslyextractedintheCahuldistrict,whilethe
reservesidentifiedintheCantemirdistricthavenotyetbeenexploited.Thecoal hasalower
participation in the energy mix of the Republic of Moldova. In the light of the EUs policy to
promotethegenerationofelectricitythroughlowcarbontechnologies,thisfactshouldbeseen
asafavorablepreconditionfortheimplementationintheRepublicofMoldovaofacoherent
EU policy on the future energy mix. A comparison of the consumption structure by activities
shows that 46.8% of the energy consumption is represented in Moldova by the household
consumptionandonly6.9%bytheindustrialconsumption.Sameproportionsarecharacteristic
for the electricity consumption structure by activities in Moldova. Electricity consumption in
Moldovahasgrownrapidlyinthelastdecade,theindustrialsectorconsumptiondroppeddown
fromoveronethirdtoalmostonequarter,whileresidentialconsumptionincreasedby10%.

Cooperation with the Energy Union in national strategy is recognized as a main issue for
developmentoftheenergysectorinMoldova.ItpresumeslargecooperationwithrelevantEU
and other international institutions for implementation of the national energy strategy
developed in cooperation with EU. According to national targets Moldavian Government has
commitment to achieve renewable energy use up to 20% in national energy balance and
increasingoftheenergyefficiencyfor20%by2020aswellasconnectiontotheENTSOEisalso
presumed by 2020. Moldavian authorities also expect increasing of the energy efficiency by
20%. The target for renewableenergy for 2030 could achieve 2530%. Actual difficulties with
construction of the south stream also corrected implementation of the energy strategy of
Moldova,whichisactuallymoreorientedoncompletionoftheUngheniYasigaspipeline.
Implementation of the EU policy on introduction of renewable energy resources in member
states and relevant technical and financial assistance from EU institutions could be provided
afterenteringintoforceanAssociationAgreementMoldovaUE,whichmakescountryeligible
to participate in programs and projects for states with such status of accession. Association
agreement also includes a number of energy related activities for implementation of the
national energy strategy adopted in 2013. Moldova will benefit from a modernized and
competitiveenergymarket,betterpreparedforintegrationintotheEuropeanmarket.Thiswill
facilitate security of energy supply, creation of competitive markets, further regional and
Europeanintegrationrelatedtoenergysector,environmentalsustainabilityandmeasuresfor
adaptationtoclimatechange.

SoasaccordingtoEUtargetswhichpresumethatby2020,theEUwillreduceitsgreenhouse
gasemissionsbyatleast20%,increasetheshareofrenewableenergytoatleast20%inenergy
balance, and achieve energy savings in distribution system by 20% or more. All EU countries
must also achieve a 10% share of renewable energy in their transport sector. Based on that,
maingoalsforMoldavianenergyauthoritiesinimplementationofthenationalenergystrategy
couldbeachievedthrough:
Development goal To assure sustainable energy supply of Moldavian customers by using of
opportunitieswhicharisefromcooperationwithEU.
Main issue is connection to the EU distribution energy supply network (joint projects with
Romania), use of practices for energy savings through introduction of new materials and
technologies,implementationofpracticesonrenewableresourcesuseaswellasdevelopment
of relevant technologies, attraction of EU financial resources for modernizing of the existed
networks, involvement in the development of common energy market with EU, etc. In this
contextnationalstrategypresumesdevelopmentofthetariffsonthebaseofEUpracticesand
expertise. Transparency issues are one of the key ones and this could be assured through
participation on the Eastern Partnership EU project. Public participation in the energy
management should be assured based on the development of regional and international
cooperationofthecivilsocietyorganizationsanddevelopmentofpracticesontheinvolvement
of the CSO in decision making process, especially in introduction of energy tarrifs. In this
contextrelevanttrainingandeducationalprogramsforthecivilsocietyrepresentativesshould
attractedfromEUandadaptedtolocalconditions.
Development goal EU energy and liberalization of internal energy market, integration in EU
energynetwork
Accordingtothenationalpoliticalpapersthisgoalcouldbeachievedthroughprivatizingofthe
nationalcompaniesdealingwithenergyproduction,distribution,technicalserviceofpipelines,
networksofenergyetcwithputtingtheirspapersincirculationonfreemarket.Thisisoneof
the key concerns in energy management issues in Moldova. It presumes modification of the
statusofMoldovagas(Gazprombranch)anditspapers(aswellasothercompanies).Moldavian
strategyalsopresumesdiversificationofenergysuppliersandsourcesonthebaseofjoiningto
EUdistributionnetworks(Romania)andcreationofthejointstockcompanieswithEUmember
states, especially in the Danube river basin (receiving of energy from Iron gate hydropower,
CernovodainRomaniaandalsoprocurementofelectricityinUkraine)
DevelopmentgoalOneofthekeyissuesinnationalandEUstrategiesisenergysaving.
ActuallythisisessentialpartofenergyrelatedactivitiesinMoldova.Accordingtothisbythe
yearof2020schoolbuildingsinthecountrywillhaveautonomousheatingsupplybasedonthe
use of renewable energy resources and public buildings should be equipped with isolated
materials to reduce energy losses. Moldavian authorities also will encourage private
households to install local heating systems and facilitate introduction of relevant tax
promotionsforinstitutionsandenterpriseswithreducedenergyuse.
Developmentgoalfacilitationofthegreeneconomypractices.
ThisisapriorityforMoldavianauthoritiesincooperationwithEUinenergysector.Itpresumes
achieving of the target for 20% carbon emission by 2020 through implementation of green
farming, introduction of technologies with reduced energy consumption (irrigation, food
processing,etc).Accordingtoestimationsitcouldleadtoreductionofenergyconsumptionfor
2025% by the period 20202030. At the same time growing of economy is presumed on the

level of 35% (according to actual trends) and thus achieving of this target becomes a great
challenge, which could be facilitated mainly in cooperation with EU, through attraction of
relevant practices to Moldova. In this context cooperation in the field of research and
implementationofitsresultsisapriorityfordifferentlevelofauthorities.Oneofkeyconcerns
in this domain is development of the preparedness of national infrastructure to adapt new
technologies,developrelevantnormative,standardsandlegislationaccordingtoEUones.
Throughtheattainmentofthesetargets,nationalauthoritiesincooperationwithEUandother
relevant international institutions could contribute development of measures aimed at
adaptation to climate change and reduction of the greenhouse emissions, decrease
dependenceofnationalcustomersonforeignfossilfuels,andkeepenergyusepracticesmore
affordableforconsumersandbusinesses.
Main opportunity for further development of the energy sector in the country arises from
enteringintoforceAssociationAgreement,whichisabasicdocumentforfurthercooperation
of Moldova with EU. It covers practically all domains of country development and gives
opportunities for energy sector modernization according to the standards of the EU energy
union.BasedonthatMoldovacouldhaveanopportunity:

To have access to the EU energy market and use new technologies for energy
production,transportation,savingetc.
To increase technical level of Moldavian energy enterprises and thus reduce losses,
createnewjobsinthissectorandestablishmorebalancedtariffsonenergyservices.
Tobeinvolvedinnewenergyprograms,whichareavailableforcountrieswithAccession
agreementstatus
Tofacilitatepublicinvolvementinenergymanagementissuesandefficientmonitorof
NationalAgencyforEnergyRegulationactivitiesaswellasotherinstitutionsdealing
withenergyservices.

AsaperspectiveMoldovacouldexpect:

Establishmentofrealtariffsonenergyservices
Attractionofnewresourcesforrenovationofactualenergysupplysystem
Moreefficientuseofenergyresourcesandlessdependenceonsinglesourceofenergy
supply
Sectoraldevelopment

2.2.Cooperationandconfrontationinrelationsamongsuppliersandconsumers
SoasthereisnoconnectionwiththeEUsinternalelectricitymarket,theCERMS(Moldova
StateDistrictPowerPlant)hasbeenusingonlyhalfofitscapacity,whichmeansthatthemain
riskfortheRepublicofMoldovadoesnotresideinthephysicallackofgenerationcapacities,
butinkeepingtheleadingpositionoftheCERMSontheelectricitymarket,which,together
withasimilarpositionofimportsfromUkraine,leadstoanegativeevolutionofenergyprices.
So,thecessationofsuppliesmaybecausedbyafailureinthenegotiationsontheacquisition
price,andnotbyinsufficientgenerationcapacities;

Despiteofthefactthatactivitiesintheelectricitysectorwereseparatedquiteawhileagoand
duetothelackofaverystrongmessageregardingtheintentionstocontinuetoliberalizethe
market,theseintentionsdidnotmaterializeoverthepast15years.Besidesthefactthatthe
separationofactivitiesintheelectricitysectorwasnotfollowedbytheseparationofactivities
inthenaturalgassector,eventheseparationofactivitiesintheelectricitysectordidnotgive

eithersufficientsupportoranincentivefortheimprovementofefficiencyandinvestments.The
maincauseisthemaintenanceoftheofficialdegreeofopennessof10%,whichimpededthe
creationofastableandpredictablemarketandthesettingofatransparentprice;

Presently, there is a strong unbalance in the attraction of financial means.

Investments/financing is more often attracted from donors than from the private sector.
Nonetheless, even the donors support was not fully used in the implementation of the
necessarymeasures;

Ananalysisoftheexistentframeworkoftheenergymarketpointedoutthefactthatpresently
thereisnorealcompetitionintheRepublicofMoldova,whichisamajorproblemthatmustbe
solved.Onlytheseparationofactivitiesandtheinclusionofcostsinthetariffscannotprovide
sufficientsupportforsupplyingenergyataccessibleprices.Whenthepriceispermanentlyon
the rise due to the lack of competition, a regulatory system based on tariffs only can take
measurestoreducetheconsumersbillsonlybyofferingalowcompensationtothetransporter
and distributer through the transport and distribution tariff, which will not back the much
awaitedinvestmentsandinfrastructureprojects.

2.3.Possiblescenariosupto2025,mosteventualoneandrecommendationstoachieve
betterresults
TheRepublicofMoldovaalreadyhasasubstantialinternalgenerationcapacity,relatedtothe
realandpredictedconsumption,whichissuperiorfromthepointofviewofthisrelationtothe
contractingpartiesintheEnergyCommunity.

Thethreedirectionsofstrengtheningofgenerationcapacityareasfollows:

a)productionincogenerationmode,involvingdecommissioningofthecurrenttechnologyand
reconstruction on a completely new technology basis with a substantial extension of the
capacity;
b) integration into the transmission and distribution networks of new capacities based on
renewablepowersources;
c)consolidationoftheinstalledcapacityoftheMoldovaStateDistrictPowerPlant(CERMS),by
increasing the technological efficiency and superior capitalization of its generation on the
regionalmarket.

Inthecogenerationandrenewablesectors,theCommunityAcquitspermits(forcogeneration)
and demands (for renewable energy) to ensure the priority access (support and dispatching
schemes), which provides the best guarantee that can be granted to investors, and the
MoldovanGovernment,and,inparticular,theNationalEnergyRegulatoryAgency,willestablish
anincentive,transparent,nondiscriminatoryandpredictableregulatoryframework.Shortterm
actionstowardsenhancingtheconnectiontoENTSOEwillbeimplementedandthetechnical
conditions needed for the optimal functioning of the connection to the ENTSOE will be
provided (operating and maintenance convention regarding the 400kV overhead lines
VulcanestiIsaccea), furthermore, the extension of the connection and the connection to the
EuropeanNetworkofTransmissionSystemOperatorsforElectricity(ENTSOE)willbeensured,
aswellasforthelongterm,priceguaranteefinancialinstrumentscompatiblewiththeAcquits
of the Energy Community Treaty will be implemented. These measures are intended to
encourage investments into the existing power generation facilities. Only where those

mechanismswillnotattractprivateinvestments,basedonqualityimprovementandreliability
of supply, the government guarantees to investors will be applied, provided that their
conditionsarecompatiblewiththeapplicableacquits.

Thelongtermeconomicdevelopmentinthecountrypromisesaconstantincreaseinthegross
domestic product (GDP). The middleterm development of the Republic of Moldova is
represented in Table 2.1. The used scenarios produce rather similar results and practically
mergeindiagrams.ThemainresultsoftheforecastarerepresentedinTables2.1.

Energy consumption trends in 20032010 were little homogenous because of the swift
reorganizationofthenationaleconomyoftheRepublicofMoldovaduringthisperiod,aswell
asbecauseoftheglobalcrisisin20082009,whichalsohadanimpactonenergyconsumption
in Moldova (Annex 3, Figure 3.2). In 2030 energy consumption per sectors will increase in a
morehomogenousmannerasrepresentedinAnnex3,Figures3.3and3.4.

According to the forecasts (Annex 2, Table 2.1), in the Republic of Moldova, the electricity
consumption in the construction and farming sectors, foodstuffs production, transport and
tourismisexpectedtoexceedtheaverageintheperioduntil2030.Themaineconomicindexes
until2030arepresentedinthe
Table 2.1. According to the data presented in it, energy consumption per capita will change,
mainlyinrelationtothegeneraldepopulationthattheRepublicofMoldovawillfaceinthelong
andshortrun.

Consumption proportions were calculated per sectors: industry, agriculture, construction and
transport on the basis of sectoral development trends, which are built in a differentiated
manneronthebasisofGDPincrease.Theindustryandagriculturewillseenosignificantchange
in electricity consumption in the analyzed period the forecast took into consideration the
proportionofthesesectors.ThefinalresultsofthisforecastarerepresentedinAnnex1.

ThedemographicsituationintheRepublicofMoldovain20102020hadastrongimpactonthe
general results of household consumption. Trends for these 10 years are rather positive in
terms of demography, but the next decades will witness the negative effect of the
depopulation and ageing of the population. The forecasts (table 2.1) confirm this negative
depopulationtrend.

The general results of the consumption forecast point out a significant increase in electricity
consumption in all sectors, including households. The forecast took into consideration both
past consumption trends and structure, as well as prospects of increase for every sector.
Construction,agricultureandtransportwillhavethehighestincreaseinelectricityconsumption
(Table2.1).

3.Europeanenergymarket

Within the Energy Community, the Western Balkans region has a limited and outdated
generatingcapacity,whichislessattractivefortheRepublicofMoldovaasaclosesourcefor
electricitysupply,incomparisonwiththeCentralandEasternEurope.

10

Nevertheless, the power generation mix in the Western Balkans, which is nearly completely
based on hydro resources, creates possible additional flows with Moldovas block, where the
electricitygeneration,atthemoment,isbasedonnaturalgas.

TheprocessofintegrationofMoldovaselectricityandnaturalgasmarketsintotheEUinternal
energymarketwillbealongone.Thecountry'senergysystem,itseconomyandpopulationin
general, will have to live in a transitional period, under the current conditions. The Energy
StrategyoftheRepublicofMoldovatargetstheyear2020astheyearoffullintegrationintothe
internalenergymarketoftheEuropeanUnion(IEM).Inlinewiththisobjective,thecountrys
legislation will be timely harmonized with the EnergyCommunity acquits and in convergence
withtheEUacquits,thusensuringthelegalandregulatorycompatibilitywiththesemarkets.

3.1.PlaceandroleinintegrationofEuropeanenergymarket

Upto2020,theperiodimposedbythetimerequiredtoachievetransmissioninterconnections
inthenaturalgassectorandelectricitysector,theRepublicofMoldovawilldevelopfromthe
legislative,institutionalandlogisticalpointsofview,aliberalizedandfunctionalenergymarket,
atthesametime,beingawareofthefactthattheaccessonlytotheEUnaturalgasandenergy
markets will not bring easy solutions to the countrys existing energy problems. Over this
period, the Moldovan Government will coordinate the implementation of political actions,
legislative and technical measures that are required, on the one hand, for identifying and
enhancing the most secure electricity supply routes through the existing routes and on the
other hand, for reducing the period necessary to strength the interconnections and create
competitivemarkets.

The period of 20132020 is also the stage when the first results are expected regarding the
implementationoflessexpensivemeasuresofenergyefficiencyaimedatreducingtheenergy
useby20%by2020andtheuseofrenewableenergysourcesthatarethemostclosedtothe
costoftheconventionalenergytoensuretheircontributionof20%intheenergymixof2020.
These measures will coexist with the acquisition in still a vulnerable approach of gas and
electricity, due to the limited number of alternative sources of supply. Along with the
exploitationofwindandsolarresources,whichwouldbeaddedtothetraditionalemployment
of biomass for heating purposes, the active prospecting of hydrocarbon natural resources,
includingnonconventionalnaturalgas,couldcontributetotheenergydependencereduction
oftheRepublicofMoldova.

Moldova'senergysectordevelopmentinthedecade20212030willbebasedonthesuccessful
implementationofmeasuresandactionsplannedforthepreviousperiod,20132020.Thestart
ofthisnewphasewillbenefitfromtheplannedachievedimprovementsoftheenergymix,also
from the reduction of the consumption and from the increased efficiency in generation,
transmission, distribution and consumption, stronger connections, more diversified supply
sources,effectivecompetitioninenergysupplyandlowermarketconcentration,thesettingof
atransparentpricebythehelpofthemarketscompetitionmechanisms,responsible,honest
and highly professional management, as well as increased social accessibility. All of these
achievementswillcreateasustainableplatform,whichwillcontributetomakinganewstepin
the development of the Republic of Moldova, characterized by an efficient control of energy
consumption and by an efficient integration into the network of smallscale sources of
generation,distributed.

11

3.2.Placeandroleinintegrationwithneighbors
TheexpectedresultfollowingthecooperationwithneighborsandENTSOEsystemisthe
technicalsupportforthediversificationofpowersupplysourcesandintegrationofMoldova's
powermarketwithitsneighborcountriesUkraineandRomania.CooperationwithRomaniaas
anEUmemberstatecouldfacilitatefurtherintegrationoftheMoldavianenergymarketinto
theinternalpowermarketoftheEU.
Energynationalauthoritiescouldproposenextimplementationstages:

1)conductingofthefeasibilitystudybytheENTSOEconsortium,tobefinalizedin2016,witha
mainfundingsourcefroma5millioneurogrant,approvedbytheJointProgramRomania
RepublicofMoldovaUkraine;
2)approvalofthedecisiononselectingatechnicalalternative,
3)thedesignwillbefinalizedin20162017,andtheprojectimplementationin2019,witha
subsequent testing period of the synchronous functioning beyond 2020, in case if a
synchronoustechnicalalternativeisselected.

Asforinterconnectors,anticipatingthefinalizationofthefeasibilitystudy,two400kVlinesare
scheduled to be built, as part of the interconnector with Romania (i.e. BaltiSuceava and
StraseniUngheniIasi). The feasibility study for the first line has been finalized, as for the
secondoneitneedstobeperformed,andthescheduleddeadline,includingtheexecutionof
thetechnicaldesignandconstructionoftheline,issetupfor2019. Theconsolidationofthe
interconnectorwithRomaniaisalsosupportedbythefinalized110kVlineFalciuGotesti.

A 330kV line is required for consolidating the interconnector with Ukraine (namely, Balti
Novodnestrovsk); the feasibility study for the Moldovan side has been already performed,
which ensures the finalization of the whole project by 2018. Implementation stages: the
feasibilitystudyandtechnicaldesignexecution,aswellastheconstructionoflinesandcarrying
outofrelatedworks,willbetheprogressindicators.

Theimpactofthesetwoactions,consolidationofinterconnectorsandaccessiontotheENTSO
Enetworkdependsontheresultsofthefeasibilitystudy.Thefollowingestimationsaretaken
intoaccount:

1)ifthisconnectionissynchronous,thetotalcostofthethreelineswillbeof85.8millioneuro.

2) in case of an asynchronous connection, flows will not change substantially, but additional
costsofaround210millioneurowillberequired,due48totheacquisitionandinstallationof
theAC/DCconverters.Also,thecostofthenewlinewithUkraineaccountsfor9millioneuro
forMoldova.Thisbringsupthetotalamountto219millioneuro.

3) from the commercial point of view, the impact of the synchronous connection will be the
changeofthepowertradingmodelthroughitsreorientationfromtheEasttoWest,whilethe
asynchronousconnectionwillrepresentthebasesfortheexistenceofacombinationbetween
thecurrentmodelandthetradingwiththeEU,theproportionbeingdependentontheprices
for the two sources and the asynchronous interconnectors capacity. The total amount of
investmentswillbeassessedmorepreciselythroughindividualfeasibilitystudies,andfunding
willbeprovidedbytheIFI(particularly,EBRDandEIB).

12

Diversification of the power supply and energy carriers will support the key objective of the
energysupplyobjective.Thefollowingarethemeasuresforachievingthespecificobjectiveof
thenaturalgassupplyflexibilitydiversificationofconventionalgassourcesasconcerningboth
suppliers and alternative supply ways. Diversification will be supported through the physical
connection to the most reliable sources regional/European pipelines and the EU power
network)bythefirmexecutionofconcretestepstowardsthesedirections.Thekeyprojectis
the main line UngheniIasi, the expected result being the provision of an emergency supply
alternative, as well as contribution to the alternative diversification of both directions and
sources. Feasibility studies have been finalized by the two sides, and the following are the
implementationstages:

a)technicalexecutiondesign,andprojectimplementation;
b)constructionofUngheniIasigaspipeline;
2)oftheprojectstotalcostof20millioneuro,7millioneurorepresentsagrantfromtheJoint
ProgrammeRomaniaMoldovaUkraine.Theshareofproject'scoststobecoveredbyMoldova
accountsfor6millioneuro;
3)theavailabilityintheSouthofMoldovaofsomeinternalnaturalgasresourceswasassumed
for long time. However, the lack of capacity by the concession holders has blocked the
undertaken of significant steps towards the capitalization of these resources. The Moldovan
Government will combine the funding of professional researches of the supposed resources
withtheconcessiongrantingpolicy;
4) the immediate result for Moldova of the success of some negotiations for becoming a
beneficiaryfromthedevelopmentprojectsinthenaturalliquidgassector,eitherAGRIorthe
Ukrainian,wouldbeanewalternativesource,whichisalsonecessaryinviewoftheconnection
toashorttermtradingframeworkwiththeneighborcountries;.
5) observing and following some benefits from the nonconventional gas (schist gas)
exploitation by neighbors: Poland, Romania, Ukraine, depending on the capacity and the
demandofthecountriesconcernedtoactfurtherinthisdirection.

Currently,therearenogasstoragefacilitiesinMoldova.TheMinistryofEconomytogetherwith
theJSCMoldovagazwillcreateaprogramtoensuretheaccesstogasstoragefacilitiesthrough
agreementswiththeneighborcountriesanddevelopmentofinternalcapacities,byusingthe
surveysperformedtoidentifysuchplacesinthecountry.TheIFIwillprovidewiththenecessary
funds.

Thenaturalgasandpowermarketsshallbeopenedaccordingtothedeadlinesrequestedinthe
accessionprotocoltotheEnergyCommunitydatedfrom17March2010andtheLawNo.117
XVIIIof23December2009onRMAccessiontotheEnergyCommunityTreaty.Liberalizationof
Moldovaspower
marketissetupfor1January2016.
3.3.RecommendationsfornationalandEUauthorities
Integrationofthepowermarketintotheregionalmarketby2018/2020andofthenatural
gasmarketby2016/2018
Asfortheinstitutionalframework,theRepublicofMoldovamustbuilditsowninstitutionsto
manage transborder capacities and trading processes, as well as to register participants and
monitormarketsperformances.
creatingthebestalliancestoincreasethenegotiatingpowerofbilateralcontacts

13

developingcompetencesandtheexperiencefortheenergyauthoritiesandenterprisesbased
ontherelevantEUpractices
marketingbyaccessinglargecommercialplatformsbelongingtotheEUmarkets
stimulatepublicprivatepartnershipandpromoteregionalcooperationinthisdomain
transparencyindecisionmaking,especiallyinestablishingofnewtariffsondifferenttypesof
energy.Involvementofthecivilsocietyrepresentativesintheboardofpriceformingagencies
(e.g.ANRE)
attractionofpracticesfortheuseofthealternativeenergysourcesandcreationofinvestment
climate,whichwillfacilitaterenewableenergyresourcesuse
stimulateresearchandinnovationactivitiesthroughparticipationinrelevantprogramsofEU,
participationinjointprojectswithEUinstitutionsandmemberstates

4. Energyefficiencycontributingtomoderationofdemand
According to national targets presented in the national energy strategy until 2030 main
moderatingofdemandwillbeasfollows:

Reducingtheenergyintensityby10%
Reducingpowerlossesintransmissionanddistributionnetworksby15%
Reducingnaturalgaslossesintransmissionanddistributionnetworksby40%
Reducingnaturalgaslossesintransmissionanddistributionnetworksby5%
Reducinggreenhousegasemissions(incomparisonwith1990)by25%
Reducingpowerconsumptioninbuildingsby10%
Shareofrenovatedpublicbuildingsby10%

EstablishedtargetsforenergyefficiencyaregoingtobeachievedthroughcooperationwithEU
and other international institutions, implementation of Association Agreement, regional
cooperation etc. Renovation of existed pipelines and construction of the gas distribution
network from Romania will facilitate integration of national energy market with EU one.
Alternativeenergyresourcesuseisoneofthekeyissues,whichcouldpromotemoderationof
energy consumption, attraction of new technologies and adaptation to climate change.
According to estimations actual evaluated resources could cover 710% of actual energy
demand in the country. Additional source of alternative energy could be cultivation of the
biomassonabandonedlands,especiallyinwetlandareaswithestimatedpotentialproductivity
circa34tonsperha.
4.1. Situation with energy efficiency on legislative level and practical achievements in
comparisonwiththeEUresultsby2015
Thesecondstageofimprovingtheenergyefficiencyinthecountryafter2020willbebasedona
developed institutional framework, capacity and methodological infrastructure, practical
experienceinvariousindustries,technologicalcoresandproperty.Thiscontext,willallowthe
RepublicofMoldovatocreateamuchmoresophisticatedpolicyandelementsofactionthan
before2020.

TheMinistryofEconomy,incooperationwiththeNationalEnergyRegulatoryAgencyandother
central public administration bodies in the field, will develop the necessary regulatory
frameworktopromoteandstimulatetheenergyefficiencyanduserenewableenergysources.
Thisisthereasonwhythefirstpriorityamongthemeasuresdesignedfortheimplementation
of strategic objective to improve the energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable
14

energy resources will be the establishment of a modern energy efficiency regulatory

framework.

4.2.

WheretheEUcouldsupportenhancingenergyefficiency?

MaindomainswhereincooperationwithEUonenergyefficiencyare:institutional,legislative,
normative of energy of energy etc practices on the base of the EU experience and practices.
Suchcooperationcouldbeusefulin:

Implementation of the legislation developed in cooperation with EU institutions and

memberstates,whichwillguaranteefreetradesoninternalmarket,decentralizationof
existedenergysuppliers,transparencyindecisionmaking
Technical assistance. Contribution to construction and reconstruction of distribution
networks, training of staff on maintenance of networks restored and constructed in
cooperationwithEU,attractionofbestpracticesinrenewableenergyresourcesuse,etc
Decentralization of existed market through diversification of energy resources market
andthustoreducedependenceoflocalcustomersfromGAZPROMaswellastoavoid
disconnection of Moldavian customers from gas supply, because of Transnistrian debt
(actuallyitisaround90%oftotaldebtofMoldovatoGAZPROM)
Institutionaldevelopment.StrengtheningofcapacitiesofenergyinstitutionsinMoldova
indevelopmentofregionalcooperation,establishmentofrelevanttariffsonenergy
Promotionofformationofcustomersinstitutionsinordertoprotectconsumerrights,
especially in actual conditions GAZPROM domination. Promotion of activities and
practicesoncustomersprotection

In the frame of the Eastern Partnership project energy efficiency issues could become a
platformfordiscussionoftheEaPcivilsocietyorganizationswithrelevantonesfromEUand
thuscreateajointcivilplatformforpromotionoftheenergydialogsonnationallevelwith
invitationofEUpractitionersinthisfield.
4.3.

Nationalchallengesandwaystosolvethem

Challenge:strongdependencefromtheonesourceenergyGAZPROM.Recommendation:
facilitationofthecompletionofthegaspipelineYasiUngheniwithtotaldistanceofaround
140 km. This pipeline should be extended till Chisinau and thus reduce dependence from
GAZPROM, especially in case of emergencies, which could be caused by political issues,
includingoneassociatedwithTransnistrianconflict.
Challenge:poorlocalenergyresources.Recommendation:moreefficientuseofrenewable
resources,evaluationofexistedcapacitiesontheuseoftheseresources,developmentof
technologies for theirs utilization and dissemination of best practices on local level.
Estimationofaboundedlandsandrestoredwetlandareastoproducebiomass,whichcould
beusedasanenergyresource
Challenge: poor technical state of existed distribution networks and energy produced
enterprises. Recommendation: facilitation of the research and innovative activities,
development of joint projects in this domain using opportunities of the programs like
horizon2020andotherEUenergyrelatedresearchandinnovativeprograms.Development

15

of new educational curriculums in national Technical University based on EU educational

programs.
Challenge: poor transparency in decision making on energy management.
Recommendation: involvement of the civil society representatives in activities under the
National Agency for Energy Regulations (ANRE), Organizing of public dialogs on energy
issuesandattractionofbestpractices,especiallyinthefieldoftheuseofalternativeenergy
resources, planting of energy biomass, energy saving opportunities etc. development of
cooperation between civil society organizations from EU and EaP could facilitate such
dialogs and lead to sustainable use of natural resources as well as adaptation to climate
change.
Challenge:Warningonaccidents.Thiscomesfromoldequipmentonenergyenterprisesand
pipes.Itleadsnotonlytoenergylosses,butalsotopossibletechnologicalaccidents.Actually
personnelisinstructedonmaintenanceofthedistributionnetworks,butequipmentisoldand
cancauseshortagesinenergysupplyaswellasintensiverisingofthepressureinthenetwork.
Emergencyplansforrelevantsituationsexist,buttrainingsonthisissueareurgentlyneeded.
CooperationwithEUisoneofthekeyissuesinthatandrelevantassistanceiscomingtothe
department for Emergency, which prepares population for emergencies in cooperation with
localauthorities.Theeffectofthisriskcouldbepeopledeaths,economiclosses,environmental
pollution etc. last accident had place in the southern part of Moldova in 2009, when gas
pipeline has exploded and authorities had to evacuate several hundreds of people from
adjacent localities. Recommendation: prepare plans for emergency in cooperation with EU
experts, training for relevant local and sectoral authorities on actions in case of emergency,
preparingofmaterialsforemergencysituationsandinvolvementofthecivilsocietyandpublic
institutionsonplanningoflocalagendasforactionsincaseofemergency.
Possible solutions and opportunities, including potential role of EU, EaP and other partner
countries.Measurestopreventkeyenergysecurityrisks?
Actually Moldova has signed and ratified Association Agreement with EU (also ratified by
Parliamentsofall28EUmemberstates).ItgivesanopportunityforMoldavianauthoritiestobe
involved in different EU programs, which cover energy security issues. Thus Government of
Moldova in cooperation with EU experts is developing further actions for joining to the EU
EnergyUnion(activitysuspendedin2012duetothefunctioningofMoldovaGasbranchof
theGasprom).InadditiontoitincooperationwithRomanianauthoritiesforfurtherextension
of the gas pipelines is going and part of the pipeline UngeheniYasi was completed on
RomanianterritoryandiscontinuingonMoldavianpart.ThisconstructionissupportedbyEU
through according of the grant to Romanian and Moldavian authorities. Exploitation of this
facilitywillhelptoovercomeenergycrisisincaseofemergencyandreducedependencefrom
externalsupply.
EU institutions are also involved in the political agenda with Transnistria region facilitating
negotiationprocessonMoldavianintegrity,accessofTransnistriangoodstotheEUmarketand
thussupportinglivingstandardinthisregion.Actuallyaround60%ofeconomyinTransnistria
depends on relations with EU. This could facilitate more effective political dialog between
MoldavianandTarnsnistrianauthoritiesindifferentdomainsincludingenergeticsectorinorder
to reduce the risks for functioning of energetic enterprises located in this region and sailing
energytoMoldova.

16

Transparency practices decisionmaking process in the activity of the National Agency for
Regulations (ANRE) in Energy could be also a part of cooperation with EU. In this context
practicesfortheinvolvementofthecivilsocietyinstitutionsintheactivitiesunderANREcould
beanissueforincludingoftherepresentativesofcivilsocietyorganizationsasmembersofthe
boardofthisinstitution.RelevantEUpracticesinthisdomaincouldbestudiedintheframeof
specialprojectwithtrainingsonthisissue,developmentofproposalsontheinvolvementofthe
civil society representatives in this process and rise the role of the civil society in decision
makingnotonlyforMoldova,butalsoforthewholeEaPregion(EnergyForumEast).
PreventionoftheenergysecurityrisksinMoldovacouldbebasedon:

ConstructionofnewpipelinesandenergyfacilitiesincooperationwithEU,development
of emergency plans for protection of population, environment and economic
enterprisesincaseofenergyshortagesaswellasaccidents.
Monitoringandreportingonthestateofpipelines,andextensionoftheexistednetwork
withEUmemberstates.FurtherintegrationtotheEuropeanEnergymarket.
DiversificationofenergyresourceswiththeuseofavailableonesinMoldova(biomass,
wind, small hydropower, local oil and gas fields, introduction of energy saving
techniquesetc)
FurtherinvolvementofthecivilsocietyinstitutionsinpromotionoftheEUexperiencein
energy saving in private households, strengthening of the fundraising capacities of
different level of authorities in this domain as well as participation of the civil society
representativesandpublicauthoritiesindecisionmakingprocessontariffs,localtaxes
associatedwithenergyuseandconsumption,etc.
Politicaldialogsonenergysecurity,includingTransnistrianauthoritiesonenergyissues
assuring normal functioning of the energy enterprises located in this region and
attractionofinvestmentsformlocalandinternationaldonors.

EaPcouldcontributethroughdevelopmentofjointprojectsaimedatevaluationofrelevantEU
experienceinthisdomain,organizingoftrainings,seminarsetcforrepresentativesofthecivil
society organizations, local public and sectoral authorities, development of training materials
onthisissueetc(EnergyForumEast).

5. Decarbonizingtheeconomy2pages
A number of decarbonizing projects are recently implemented in Moldovan cooperation with
EUandinternationalorganizations.SoasMoldovaismainlyagriculturalcountrydecarbonizing
is mainly associated with soil conservation, afforestation, wetland restoration, use of
agricultural wastes as straw, cutting cleaning of the vineyards and orchards, wetland
restorationetc.
Project on soil restoration is aimed at adopting renewable 20year crediting period, which is
expected to be extended for further two consecutive 20year crediting periods, for a total
projectperiodof60years.Theprojectisexpectedtogeneraterevenuefromthesaleoftimber
fromthinningandfromthesaleofCertifiedEmissionReduction(CER)creditsoverthefirst20
yearcreditingperiod.Thecostofimplementationtheprojectduringfirst11years(20022012)
isestimatedatUS$18.74million.Moldsilvaisexpectedtofinancethecostsofimplementation
oftheprojectduringthisperiod.Projectwasimplementedinapilotareawiththesizeof1310

17

ha and estimated CO2 is 146t. activities of the project included planting of trees from which
50%werenativespecies
ClimateEastproject.SustainablemanagementofpasturesandcommunityforestsinMoldovas
firstNationalParkOrheitodemonstrateclimatechangemitigationandadaptationbenefitsand
dividendsforlocalcommunities.TheprojectactivityisexpectedtoenhancetheGHGremovals
by preventing soil erosion, which is estimated to account for carbon storage in soil of 0.9
tC/ha/year, accumulation of 0.45 t C/ha/year of carbon in pasture vegetation and 9.12 t
C/ha/yearaccumulationinforestvegetationwithcontinuousincrease.
Moldova biomass heating project for rural communities presumes assurance of heating of
publicbuildingswiththeuseofrenewableenergyresourcesandintroductionofenergysaving
measures like better isolation of windows, reconstruction of public buildings, introduction of
newtechnologiesinheatingetc.
5.1.Situationinthecountry

ForestFund:
Totalarea419.1thousandha(12.7%ofthecountrysterritory),includingareacoveredwith
forests374.5thousandha(11.3%afforestationlevel),
Including:
54.5thousandhaor13.0%arepossessedbymayoraltiesandothers,including2.6thousandha
(0.6%)ofprivateforests.
ForestvegetationoutsidetheForestFund:
49.1thousandha(29.8thousandhaofforestprotectionbeltsand19.2thousandhaofshrubs
andarborealvegetation
Strategicdirectionindecarbonizing
The development of renewable energy and increased energy efficiency in residential,
industrial sectors, transport and agriculture are among the priorities of the Moldova 2020
development strategy (2012). An adequate institutional framework was established with the
adoption of the Energy Strategy until 2020 (2007), the National Program on Ensuring
EnvironmentalSecurityfor20072015,theLawonRenewableEnergy(2007),theLawonEnergy
Efficiency (2010), the National Energy Efficiency Programme 20112020 and the Energy
Efficiency Agency. A gradual approximation of the national legislation with the relevant EU
acquitsisunderway.

Renewableenergylaw:increasingtheuseofenergyproducedfromrenewablesources
upto20%ofthetotalgrossdomesticconsumptionand10%ofannualelectricity
productionby2020,feedintariffsestablishedfora15yearperiod;
Energyefficiency:plannedgradualincreaseofenergyefficiencybyupto20%by2020,
plannedcreationofanEnergyEfficiencyFund;

SustainableenergyactionplanlaunchedbyEBRDin2011inordertoimprovetheenvironment
forsustainableenergyinvestmentsinvarioussectorsoftheMoldovanSeveralforeign
companieshaveexpressedtheirinterestintherenewableandenergyefficiencyindustriesin
Moldova,someofwhichplantocreateaffiliates.Promisingnichesaremainlyinthebiomass
sector.

18

Biomass:smallscaleprojectsusingagriculturalresidues.Potentialtodevelopstraw
firedheatingsystemsfor100,000privatehouses,biogasfromagriculturalwastes
(sugarbeetpresses,etc.)andanimalwastesforheatingsystemsorforcogeneration
plants,productionofbriquettes(solidfuelsobtainedintheprocessofcompacting
agriculturalandindustrialwastes,UNDPsupport)andpellets;
Windpower:1,000MWestimatedpotential;
Hydropower:smallhydropowerplantprojectsontheDniester,PrutandDanube
Rivers;
Solarenergy:solarthermalprojectssuchassolarthermalcollectorsforhotwateror
steamgeneration;
Energyefficiency:projectsinresidentialsector,industry,transportandagriculture.
CreditlineforonlendingtolocalprivatecompaniesavailableunderEBRDsMoldova
SustainableEnergyFinancialFacility(MoSEFF).

PracticalstepsdevelopedinMoldovafordecarbonizing:

Afforestationofabandonedlandsontheareaof20290hauntil2020.Estimatedannual
averageofnetanthropogenicGHGremovalsbysinksis179.200tCO2e
preventingsoilerosionthroughextensionofthegreenbeltsonagriculturallandsandtorise
percentageofafforestedareastill28000habyincreasingforestcover
improvingsoilproductivity,
increasingsuppliesoffuelbasedonrenewableenergyresources
Potentialbenefitsforcommunitiesobtainedintheresultofafforestationofdegradedlands
(consultationmeetingswithlocalpublicauthorities)

Nr
Categoryofbenefits
Sharein%
1
Improvementofthestateofenvironment
30
2
Increaseoftheharvestedbiomassforenergyproduction
27
3
Reducingofthelanddegradation(landslides,soilerosionetc.)
25
4
Recreation
15
5
Biodiversity
6
6
Wetlandresourcesuseforpastureandhayharvesting
12
7
Medicinalplants
7
8
Organicfarming
15
9
Adaptationtoclimatechange
20

Tableisbasedontheresultsofmentioningofpresentedissuesinresponsesofpublic
authoritiesduringactivitiesperformedin20122013.

6. Research,InnovationandCompetitiveness
Main activities in the field of energy research, innovation are organized in the frame of the
Institute of Energy of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Basic strategic direction for the
different energy related studies is Energy efficiency and assuring of the energy security,
including utilization of the renewable energy resources. Based on these priority research
activitiesareconcentratedinnextdomains:
Elaborationandargumentationoftheconceptforintegrationofnationalenergysystemwith
thoseinneighborcountries.

19

 identification of reasonable scenarios for development of the intersystem and intrasystem

issueswithestimationoftheefficiencyofinnovationcomponentsintheenergynetworkslike
Smartgridtypes,distributionnetworkslikeLEDAtypes,equipmenttypeFACTScontroller.
developmentofproposalsandtechnicalsolutionsaimedatdiminutionofthenegativeimpact
on the state and functioning of the energy networks and the use of renewable sources of
energy.
impact assessment of the external and internal challenges on the energy security and
developmentofrecommendationsondiminutionofrisksassociatedwiththesechallenges.
Elaboration of scenarios on possible national energy system development (power stations,
including distribution network, energy transportation system, options for interconnections
etc.).
elaborationofthedatabaseoncharacteristicsofthenationalelectroenergysystem.
Elaborationofthetechnicalrecommendationsandsolutionsfortechnicaldevelopmentofthe
energyfluxesregulationequipmentoftheactiveandreactivepowerinelectricnetworksand
improvement of the electric energy quality. Elaboration methods, laboratory mostres on the
baseofinnovativesolutionsforconversionandutilizationoftherenewableenergysourcesfor
differentcustomerswithexperimentaltestingofrecommendedmeasures.
identificationofmeasuresandequipmentsneededforincreasingoftheenergyefficiencyin
main branches of national economy (aviculture, agricultural productivity in the greenhouses,
milkproductsproduction,fruits,legumes,hayconservationetc.).
ResearchprogramsforrecentperiodinthefieldofenergyareinlinewiththeGovernmental
programsaimedatimplementationoftheprovisionsofAssociationagreementandareaimed
at development of the engineering and development of the energetic technologies for the
risingofefficiencyofnationalenergysystem.

6.1.Nationalpotentialinenergysectorresearch(institutions,resultsinrecentyears)
MainrecentresultsoftheresearchandinnovativeactivitiesinMoldovainthefieldofenergy
sector:
elaborationanddevelopmentofthemethodsforcalculationandestimationofthetrendsin
evolutionofthenationalenergysecuritysystem;
quantitativeestimationsofthechangesinenergysecurity,developmentofrecommendations
andmeasureswhichimplementationassureimprovementoftheenergysecurity;
Recommendations of measures on regulation of the fluxes of power in the national energy
systemandutilizationofautomaticsystems;
solutionsondevelopmentofthehightensionnetworks,realizationoftheequipmentforthe
transformationoftheelectricandprimaryenergy;
optionsfordevelopmentoftheinterconnectionsofthenationalelectroenergysystemwith
ENTSOEone;
solutionsfortheuseoftherenewableenergysources;
innovative proposals for conversion of the energy and rising of the energy efficiency
convertorsoftheDC/DCandDC/ACtypes.
6.2.

ExistingandpossiblecooperationwiththeEUinstitutions

20

IntheframeofcooperationwithEUandinvolvementofthescientificinstitutionsfromMoldova
incooperationwithEEanumberofresearchactivitiesweredevelopedintheenergysectorin
theframeoftheprogramsFP7,STCU,bilateralprojectswithUkraineandRomaniaintheframe
of the neighborhood program etc. The results of the projects are in the field of rising of the
energyefficiencyofexistedenergypowerstations,estimationofrenewableenergysourcesand
its valorizing, development of recommendations aimed at the reducing of losses in the
distributionnetworksetc.

Possible cooperation in the energy research could be developed in the field of eventual
modernizationofexistedpowerinstallationsandfurtherreducingofthelossesindistribution
networks, rising of the efficiency of the use of renewable energy resources, making energy
sectorinMoldovamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyetc.Mainissuesofconcernindevelopmentof
cooperationcouldbe:

Insufficient capacities of Moldavian experts to prepare project proposals for

cooperation with EU institutions and implement objectives of the possible common
studies;
PoortechnicalcapacitiesofrelevantscientificinstitutionsinMoldovafororganizingof
experimentalandfieldwork;
Insufficient educational activities at the University level and low attractiveness of this
subjectforstudents;
Insufficienttrainingforpersonnelinvolvedinprojectwriting,poorcapacitiesofnational
research institutions to provide funding for participation in different international
eventsinthefieldofenergy;

OvercomingoftheseconcernscouldbeanissueforfurthercooperationwithEUinstitutions
andattractionofrelevantpractices,especiallyinsuchdomainsliketraining,developmentof
educational programs and facilities, students exchange etc. could facilitate further
developmentofresearchandinnovationactivitiesinMoldova.

ConclusionandRecommendations:

1. Moldavian authorities are concerned on the development of the energy sector in the
country and analysis of political documents as well as sectoral strategies confirms
commitment of relevant authorities to integrate national energy sector with EU one.
CooperationwithEUremainsmainpoliticalpriorityinsocialandeconomicdevelopment
ofthecountryaswellassectoralincludingenergyone.
2. CivilsocietyorganizationsinMoldovaarepoorinvolvedindecisionmakingprocesson
energy sector development and priority areas for this should be identified. Training
programsonrelevantprocessinEUismuchwelcomeandcooperationwithEUaswell
asEaPcountriesisneeded.
3. Nationalenergystrategyisarelevantdocumentforfurthersectordevelopmentandwas
elaborated according to the EU energy strategy and its implementation will facilitate
furtherintegrationofMoldovawithEUanditsenergyunion.Identifiedchallengesand
barriers could be overcome only in cooperation with EU institutions and through
developmentofjointactions(projects).EUexperienceinthisdomainishighlyneeded

21

for further extension of networking and partnerships capacities of EaP civil society
institutionsinMoldovatobeinvolvedinenergysectordevelopment
4. Energy issues should become an integrated part of sectoral development based on
green economy, introduction of energy saving technologies on all stages of energy
production, transportation, distribution and use by final customers. Civil society
organizations could contribute to that through organizing of public awareness
campaigns,trainingonenergysavepracticesforprivatehouseholds,schoolpupilsetc.
Recommendations:

CreateanEnergyForumEastwithobjectives,whichcouldbediscussedduringmeeting
oftheWG3underCivilSocietyEaPForum.
Prepareaprojectfile(s)forefficientinvolvementofthecivilsocietyorganizationtobe
involvedindevelopmentoftheenergysectorinMoldovaandEaPcountries.
Elaborateastrategyforinvolvementofthecivilsocietyorganizationsforenergysector
developmentonnationallevelandforEaPregion.
Tocreatemechanismsandtoolstoassureactivepublicparticipationandawarenesson
the development of the energy sector and to contribute to the establishment of the
EnergyForumEastforcooperationbetweenEUandEaPcountriesonthisissue

Concludingremarks.
Presentedpapershouldbeasubjectfordiscussiononthemeetingofthenationalcivilsociety
platformandwillbepresentedtothemembersthrough emailswithexpectationofrelevant
comments,whichcouldbefurtherdiscussed.

Bibliography
Alsousefootnotes
1. NationalenergystrategyoftheRepublicofMoldova,Chisinau,2013
2. http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/energyunion/index_en.htm
3. NationalActionPlanforenergyefficiency,Chisinau,2013
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

AnnualstatisticoftheRepublicofMoldova,Chisinau,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014
NationalClimateVulnerabilityAssessment,Chisinau,2014
MoldovaEUAssociationagreement,Chisinau,2013
EUEnergystrategy,
ec.europa.euEnergyEuropeanCommission
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/05/24437229/moldovadistrict
heatingefficiencyimprovementprojectp132443implementationstatusresults
reportsequence01
10. www.undp.md/projects/Biomass
11. www.ebrd.com/news/bestsustainableenergyprojectsinmoldova

22

Foaiadeparcurspentruriledin
ParteneriatulEsticicooperareaincadru
UniuniiEnergeticealeUE
aradinParteneriatuluiEsticMoldova


ElaboratdeDumitruDrumea,

Abstract
Present foaia de parcurs este bazat pe analiz documentelor naionale de planificare i
diferotoristrategiiinclusivsicelesectoriale.nconformitatecuobiectivelepoliticeautoritilor
moldovenetipeparcursulultemilor10aniintegrareaeuropeanrepresintoprioritatekeiein
dezvoltarea socialeconomic a rii. Documentul de politici este adresat spre aspectele
energeticedin acest domeniu cu focusarea special privind rolul societii civile i proiectului
Parteneriatul Estic in oportunitaile posibile pentru dezvoltarea sectorului energetic in
Moldova.
Managementulefficientaspectelorasecuritiienergeticeprezintunobiectivdebazpentru
dezvoltarea acestui sectorului in ar. Documentul de politici dat presint un set de msuri
pentru asigurarea mai bun aprovizionrii cu energia in baza activitilor din cadru
ParteneriatulEstic,careaufostimplementateinMolodvactianalizaproiectelorindomeniul
energiei implementate in Moldova pe parcursul ultemilor 5 ani. Documentul dat presint o
viziuneadiferitoriauthoritiprivindasigurareaenergeticsustenabilaincondiiileadiferitori
problemecucareseconfruntMoldovadindiferitecauze.
Document de politici represent descrierea scurt a activitilor realizate i cel planificate in
Moldovaprivinddepireaconsetinelornegativeaprovizionriicugasdinsingurasursciti
folosirea posibil a surselor alternative de energie cu ar fi biomasa, implementarea
tehnologiilordereducereaperderilorenrgieietc.Ateniespecialesteacordatcooperriicu
UE i atragerii practicilor din UE privind implicarea institutiilor societii civile in procesul
decisionalinsectorulenergeticcumarfistabilireatarifeloriasigurareatranspareneiinacest
process.Documentuldepoliticipropuneunirderecomandriprivinddezvoltareaulterioar
cooperriicuUEipentruinstituiicaresuntimplicateinsectorulenergeticpentruatragerea
societii civile in procesul decisional. Impactul posibil a activitilor desfurate in cadru
Parteneriatului Estic pentru dezvoltarea sectorului energetic tot represint un punct keie
refelectatinactualuldocumentdepolitici.

ntroducere
MoldovaasemnatiratificatAcorduldeAsocierecuUEpedatade27iunie2014.Prevederile
acestui document acoper practic toate domeniile de dezvoltare socialeconomic a rii
inclusiv i sectorul energetic. Acordul MoldovaUniunea European este un Tratat dintre
UniuneaEuropean(UE),Euroatom,28statemembreiMoldova.Documentuldatpresintun
cadrudeasocierepoliticieconomicdecooperarecuUE.Prileauajunsacordsecoopereze
i conversa politica economic, legislaia i regulamentele crosssectoriale inclusiv i
modernizareainfrastructuriienergeticeinMoldovaiacesulriilafondurileBankulEuropean
deInvestiii.
In conformitate cu prevederile acestui document Moldova a elaborat strategia energetic
naional, care a fost aprobat prin Hotrre de Guvern Nr. 102 de la 5 februarie 2013. Anul
intpentruimplementareacestuidocumenteste2030cuanulintermediar2020.
MoldovaasemnatiProtocolulprivindAcessComunitarEnergeticpedatade17martie2010.
Aceasta faciliteaza elaborarea legislaiei relevante cum ar fi legea Nr. 107 din 17.12.2009
privind achitarea serviciilor energetice, legea 123 din 23.12.2009 privind gazul natural, legea
117XVIII din 23 Decembrie 2009 privind acess la Acordul Energetic i legea 320 de la

16.01.2009 privind regulament de activitate Ageniei Naionale de Reglementri in Sectorul

Energetic(ANRE).
Un obiectiv de baz autoritilor naionale din domeniul energetic este pregtirea sectorului
pentru aderarea la reea European Operaional de Transport i reeua Energetic (ENTSO
E)spreanul2020.StrategiarespectivconineprioritizareaproblemelordebazaMoldoveiin
domeniul energetic in conformitate cu obiectivele ale UE i comunitii Energetice, stabilete
inturile naionale, obligaiunele internaionale cum ar fi participarea la diferite Conveni,
Tratateetciindomeniulenergetic.
CelemaiimportanteprioritipentruimplementareaStrategieiNaionale:

Creterea statului al Republicii Moldova ca ar de tranzit de gaz i energia in baza

coneciunibidirecionaledetrasportare
Dezvoltarea noilor capacitilor de generarea energiei i modernizarea celor existente
pentrucomercializarealoriexplotarecapacitilorlocaleprivindproducereaenergiei

Moldovaareresurselelocaleenergeticeextremdelimitate.Aceastasurspotacopericirca1%
anecesitiloriunadeprioritiestecretereaeficieneiinstalaiilorexistente,atragereacelor
maibunepracticipentrueconomisirearesurselorenergetice,educaiei,inovaiietccarearpute
aducelaeconomisirearesurselorenergeticelatoatefazeledeproducere,trasportrii,utilizrii
etcaenergieiinra.
Cabazapentrudezvoltareasectoruluienergetic,Moldovaaalesunvectorclardedezvoltare,
care este integrarea cu Uniunea European, pieii UE energetic cu identificarea msurilor
necesare pentru realizarea obiectivelor de integrarea cu UE. Autoritile naionale recunosc
necesitatedearmonizareanormelorlegislativeactualecuceledinUEiactivitilerespective
suntindezvoltare.
Republica Molodva este un importator net al energiei. Gazul natural este livrat practic din o
singura sursa Gazprom ceea ce este foarte sensitive pentru independena rii prin
dependen esenial de aceasta surs. Folosirea crbunului este foarte limitat, ce creaz
condiiifavorabilepentruimplementareprevederilorprivindlowcarbonpoliticiialUE.
Celemaiimportanteproblemedegenerarea,trasportaresifolosireaelectricitiiiproducerii
inclziriicaresuntasociatecu:

LipsaconeciuniilaENTSOE,
CapacitileinsuficienteareelelorexistentepentruconectarelapiainternalUE
Vrstaaavansatfacilitilorenergeticeinara(inmaremsurainstalatiutilizatdin
timpurilesovietice).

Depirea acestor provocri este partea esenial agendei politice privind securitatea
energeticctieconomisireaenerieilatoatefazeledeproducere.

nbazaceleiexspuseagendaenergeticaltriiinclude:

Implementarea prevederilor Acordului de Asociere dintre Republica Moldova i UE in

domeniul energetic: folosirea resurselor alternative (biomasa, energia eolian,
hydrocentrale de mici dimensiuni etc), economisirea eficient a energiei, economia
verdeetc
IntegrareademaidepartecupiaenergeticaleUE
Folosireactmaieficentresurselorenergeticeinternezcmimteledepetrol,gazin
parteadesudalRMpentruaprovizionarecuenergialanivellocal

Stabilireatarifelorrealepentrufolosireenergiei,carearacopericosturileoperaionalei
incrementalepentruproducereaenergiei
Reconstruciafacilitilorexistenteinspecialincapital(construiteinanii19641982)
Reducerea perderilor din sistemul de distribuire (actualmente 5,5% din sistemul de
aprovizionarecugaz,1315dinreeleleelectice,2021dinreeleledenclzire)
Activitile de cercetare i inovare in modernizare eqipamentului energetic, folosirea
surseloralternativedeenergie,elaborareacursurilorrelevanteeducaionaleinsistemul
Universitar
Implicareapubliculuiinmanagementulenergetic

Aspectele susmenionate sunt presentate in agenda politic a Strategiei Naionale de

DezvoltarealRepubliciiMoldova(Moldova2020)ipentruimplementarealorsuntpreconizate
activitileurmtoare:

Construcia139dekilometrialiniilorenergeticei40dekilometriiagazoductului
Seasigureponderede20%dinconsumultotalalenergieictipondereade10%pentru
biofuel
Seasigureintotalproducerede800MW
Sereducecu10%emisiileagazelorcuefectdeserincomparaiecuperioadaactual
Seasigureimplementareamsurilordeeconomisireaenergieipentrusistemuldegazcu
39%,reelelordedistribuiecu11%,energistermal(pentruclzire)cu5%)
Se reduce consumul energiei in blocurile cu 20% in comparaie cu nivelul actual de
consum

2. Securitateaenergetic,solidaritateaitrust

ComisiaEuropeanindeamnpentruplanulintegratprivindreducareadepindeneialeUEdin
surseleenergeticedinRusia.MoldovaestepresentatinacestdocumentUniuneatrebuiesse
lucreze intens cu vecinii i partenerii in cadru Comunitii Energetice, notabil Ucraina i
Moldova, privind asigurarea energetic. Moldova pleadeaz pentru implementarea pachetul
energetic 3, care este o condiie pentru acordul aprofundat i integrat de comer (DCFTA).
Moldova este i membru Comunitii energetice european. Aceast faciliteaz integrarea mai
profundinmarketulenergeticaleUE.
ActuallmenteautoritiledinMoldavaiRomaniaconstruiescuninterconnectorinMoldovacu
assisten al programului UE (cooperarea trilateral Romania UkraineMoldova
transfrontalier), care ar putea asigura consumul cu gaz in Moldova pn la 10%. Decisiile
importante sunt ateptate de la Guvernul Moldovei privind elaborarea legislaiei respective,
carearputeasedeschidereelelinterne(actualmenteproprietateGazprumului)pentrugazdin
Romania.Acestvolumedegazestedestuldemicicontinuareproiectuluiprevedeinstalarea
staieidecompresieiextindreagazoductuluipnlaChisinau.Acestgazoductvaacopericirca
6080% al consumului actual a gazului. Costurile aproximative sunt circa 70 mln euro i
asisten respective urmeaz s ie acordat in 20162017. Guvernul Moldovei a exprimat
inteniesecontractezeunpromutdelaBERDsauBankaEuropeandeInvestiii.
Alt aspect pentru Moldova ca ara asociat cu UE este cercetarea european conta
Gazpromului.nSeptembrie2012,comisiaEuropeanalansatoinvestigaieantitrustcontra
gigantul rusesc. UE faciliteaz Moldova se acelereze aderarea la pachetul 3 energetic i
deschidereamarketuluienergeticnational,careacumestecontrolatdeGazpromt.
Celemaiimportanteproblemassociatecugenerarea,transportareaifolosireaenergiei:

LipsaconciuniilaENTSOE,
Capacitile insuficiente a reelelor existente privind conectarea la pia european
intern
Facilitileamortizate(instalateintimpurilesovietice).

Depirea acestor provocri se presint in documentele politice de baz privind securitatea

energetic cu aspectele de economisirea resurselor cit i folosirea surselor alternative
energetice.

AgendaenergeticaMoldoveiinclude:

Implementarea prevederilor Acordului de Asociere dinte Moldova i UE in domeniul

energetic:
Folosirearesurselorenergeticealternative(biomasa,energiavindului,hidrocentralede
micidimensiunietc),econo9misireaefectivaenergiei,economiaverde,etc.
Integrareacumarketulenergeticeuropean
Folosirearaionalaresurselorenergeticelocalezcminteledepetrol,gasinpartea
desudalriipentruaprovizionareaobietelorlocalecuenergia
Stabilirea tarifelor reale, care vor acoperi cheltuielele operaionale i incrementale in
producereaenergiei
ReconstruciafacilitilorexistenteinspecialinChiinu(construitein19641982)
Reducereapierderilorinsistemelededistribuie(acum5,5%dingazoductele1315%din
reeleleelectrice,2021%dinsystemdenclzire)
Cercetarea i inovare in modernizarea eqipamentului energetic, folosire resurselor
alternativeenergetice,programeleeducaionaleideinstruirelaUniversiti
Implicareapubliculuilarginmanagementulenergetic
Aceste aspect sunt menionate in agenda politic de Dezvoltare pn la anul 2020 (Moldova
2020)icareprevederealizareaactivitilorurmtoare:

Constructia139kmareelelorelectricei40kmdegaz
Folosirea in bilanului energetic a rii 20% a resurselor regenerabile i 10% a
combustibuluibilogic
Asigurareaproducerii800MWintotal
Reducereemisiilordegazecueffectdeseracu10%incompaiecunivelulactual
Eficienaenergeticpentrugaz39%,reelelededistribuie11%,energiatermal5%in
reeadedistribuie
Sereduceconsumulenergieiincldiricu20%denivelulactual

In baza analizei materialelor statistice existente (4) i documentelor de politici (1, 3, 5)

urmtoareleriscuriledebazpentrusecuritateaenergeticinMoldovaarputeafiidentificate:

Dependenaputernicdinosingursursdeaprovizionarecucldur(Gazprom)
7075% al energiei se produce cu utilizare eqipamentului invechit cu perderile
semnificative a energiei, inspecial in producerea nclzirii. Risk sporit de acidente la
instalaiiledeproducereenergiie,ctsiinsistemelededistribuie.
Capacitateinsuficientapopulaieiseachitconturiledeplat(actualmentesubsudiile
socialeacoper30%dincheltuieleleactuale)
Atractivitatea slab a pieei energetice a Moldovei pentru investitotri strini i
capacitileinsuficienteautoritilorenergeticelocaledeafinanaproiecteleenergetice
relevante

2.1 Aspectelekeiedesecuritateaenergeticinar
2.2 Aspectelecomuneiperspectivelepentrudezvoltarea.
Unul din cele mai importante aspecte privind securitatea energetic in Moldova este lipsa
resurselorenergeticeproprieicarezultatdependenputernicdeaprovizionarecuresursele
energeticedelaosingursursFederaiaRus(Gazprom).
Reelele esistente de trasportare i distribuie au fost construite in timpul sovietic si
actualmentesuntorientatedinpunctdevedereatehnicimaterieiprimespreaprovizionarecu
energia dinregiune deest (singura surs). Diversificarea surselor de aprovizionare cu energia
este complicat din cauza resurselor financiare limitate autoritilor naionale i capacitii
slabe a populaiei se achit conturile de plat pentru serviciile prestate. Situaia devine mai
greu din causa neachitrii facturilor financiare pentru gaz livrat de Moldovagaz ctre
autoritilor Transnistrene i datorie Moldovei in faa Gazpromului a ajuns la suma de 1,8
miliardededolaridincareapproximative90%suntdatoriileTransnistrene.Niciunprogressin
privinaachitriidatorieiinnegocierelepoliticecuauthoritiletransnistrenenuafostajuns.
EffectulneachitriidatoriilorpentrugazconsumatinregiuneTransnistrenearputeaaducela
cretere de mai departe a gazului din Federaia Rus pentru consumtori din Republica
Molodva i creterea nivelului de srcie cu tensiuni sociale in ar. Aceasta deja a dus la
suspendarea integrrii sistemului naional energetic cu cel ale UE prin cerin de promovare
companieiMoldovagaz,conrolatdeGazprom.Oricumdecisiaprivindsuspendareadeaderare
la piata energetic ale UE este temporar i conform declaraii autoritilor moldovene
integrarea in piata energetica ale UE va continua. n acest context gazoductul din Romania
(YasiUngheni) este in construcie i parial in funcie. Aceast ar putea fi o soluie de
alternativpentruaprovizionarecuenergiaincazdeforcemajorcuGazprom.Afardeaceasta
reeaua energetic in Moldova ar putea fiextins in baza folosirii surselor diverse de energie
inclusiveceledinUE(3).
Tarifeledeaprovizionarecuenergia.Actualmentetarifelepentruenergiasuntstabilitedectre
Agenia Naional de Reglemntri in Energetic (ANRE). Ageni economici aplica la aceasta
instituiepentruaprobaretarifelornoipentruenergia.Transparenainsuficientinactivitatea
acestui institutiei cauzeaz densitate social i reducerea nivelului de incredere la partidele
proeuropene (actualmente partidele proeuropene predomin in Parlament i au format
Guvernulrespectiv).
Efectul acestora ar putea fi venirea la guvernare partidelor de stnga, care pot se modifice
esenial cursul actual de guvernare i vector politic a Republicii Moldova. Oricum i partidele
orientatedestngparialrecunoscnecesitateacooperriicuUEipledaupentrucontinuarea
relaiilor cu UE in baza condiiilor noi (publicaiile sau declaraiile msurabile privind ce
nseamncondiiilenoinuaufostpresentate).
Accidente. Aceasteste asociat cu explotare eqipamentului i reelelor de aprovizionare
nvechit.Personalultehnicinmajoritateesteinstruitinmeninerereelelordedistribuie,care
inmaremsuraudepitvirstadeexploatareipotprovocaintrerupereleinaprovizionarecu
energia.Planuriledeurgenpentrusituaiirespectiveexist,dardezvoltaredemaidepartea
instruiriidindomeniuestenecesar.CoperareacuUEinacestdomeniuesteoprioritatekeiesi
asisten respectiv vine la Deprtamentul Situaiilor Expeionale, care pregtete planurile
respective in cooperarea cu autoritile publice locale. Consetinele acestui risk ar pute fi
decesele,pierderileeconomice,poluaremediuluietc.Ultimulacientaavutlocinparteadesud
al rii in 2009 din cauza explodrii gazoductului i autoritile au evacuat citeva sute de
persoanedinlocalitileadiacente.

Aspectele de dezvoltare i oportuniti, inclusiv rolul potenial al UE, PE i altor ri. Msuri
pentrufacilitatreadezvoltriienergetice?
ActulamenteMoldovaesteracareasemnatiaratificatacorduldeAssocierecuUE(acordul
a fost ratificat si de ctre 26 ri membre). Aceasta a dat pentru autoritile moldovene o
oportunitate de a fi implica in diferite programele ale UE, care sunt relevante la asigurea
securitiienergetice.PrinaceastaGuvernulRepubliciiMoldovaincooperarecuexperidinUE
elaboreaz aciunele de mai departe privind aderare la Uniunea Energetic al UE (aciune
suspendat in 2012 din cauza funcionrii MoldovaGaz unitate controlat de Gazprom). In
afar de aceast se continu cooperarea cu autoritile din Romnia in extinderea de mai
departe a gazoductului i partea a gazoductului UngeheniYasi a fost completat pe partea
territoriului romnesc cu continuarea construciei pe territoriului Republicii Moldova. Aceat
construcia este susinut de ctre UE prin oferirea unui grant financiar la authoritile din
MoldovaiRomnia.Explotareaacestuitronsonvacontribuiladepireacrisisuluienergeticin
cazdesituaiiexpeionalesivareducedependenadelaaprovizionareaexterna(singurasursa).
Instituiile UE sunt implicate i in agenda politic privind resolvarea conflictului Transnistrean
prin facilitarea procesului privind integritatea rii, acesul mrfurilor din Transnistria pe piaa
UE i prin aceasta meninerea standardului de via in regiune Transnistrean. Actualmente
circa 60% al economieiregionale depinde de relaii cu UE. Aceasta arputea facilita un dialog
politicmaieficientdintreautoritiledinMoldovairegiuneaTransnistreanindiferitedomenii
inclusicsicelenergeticpentruareduceriskuriinactivitateaintreprinderilorenergeticeaflatein
aceastaregiuneilivrareamaisigurenergieiproduseinTransnistriapentruconsumatoriidin
maluldreptalNistrului.
PracticiledetransparenainprocesulluriidecisiilordectreAgeniaNaionalinReglementri
inEnergetic(ANRE)totarputeafiunsubiectdecooperarecuUE.Inacestcontextpracticilede
implicare organizaiilor de societatea civil in activitile ANREului ar putea fi utile pentru
includerea representanilor sectorului civil in calitate de membrii a bordului al acestei
instituiei. Experien relevant din acest domeniu ar putea fi studiat in cadru proiectului
special cu instruire respectiv in acest domeniul, elaborarea propunerilor privind implicarea
representanilor a societii civile in acest process cit i creterea rolului instituiilor civile in
procesulluriidecisiilornujumaiinMoldovadariinlateridinParteneriatuluiEstic(Forum
EnergeticEst).
DezvoltareaenergeticinMoldovapoatefibazatpe:

Construcia a noilor gazoductelor i reelelor electrice in cooperare cu UE, elaborarea

planurilorpentrusituaiiexcepionaleprivindproteciapopulaiei,mediuluiiobiectelor
economiceincazdedeconectriiacidentelor
Monitorizarea i raportarea privind starea reelelor de aprovizionare i extinderea
reelelor cu asisten din parte membrilor UE. Integrarea continu in pia energetic
European
Diversificare surselor resurselor energetice cu folosirea celor aflate pe territoriului
RepubliciiMoldova(biomasa,energiaeolian,hydrocentraleleperurimici,zcmintele
locale de petrol i gaz, introducerea tehnologiilor mai eficiente in utilizarea resurselor
energeticeetc
Implicarea societii civile in promovarea experienei din UE in domeniu economisirii
energiei in gospodririle domestice, casele private i publice, creterea capacitilor
autoritilor publice in fundrising, implicarea societii civile i authoritilor publice

localeinprocesuldeluareadecisiilorprivindstabilireatarifelor,taxelorlocaleasociate
cufolosireaiconsumulresurselorenergeticeetc.
Desfurarea dialogului politic privind securitate energetica cu participarea
representanilordinstngaNistruluiprivindenergiaiasigurareafuncionriieficientea
intreprinderilor aflate in aceasta regiune ct i atragerea investiiilor de la institutiile
financiarelocaleiinternaionale.

Parteneriatul Estic ar putea contribui in realizare prevenirilor riscurilor energetice prin

elaborareaproiectelorcomuneprivindevaluareaexperieneiUEdinacestdomeniu,organizrii
trainingurilor,seminareloretcpentrurepresentatniisocietiicivile,autoritilorpublicelocale
isectoriale,elaborriiprogramelorimaterielelornecesarepentruactivitileeducaionalein
acestdomeniu,etc(ForumEnergeticEst).
2.2. Trecereainrevistexperieneicareexistinaraipracticilorbunedecooperareai
depsireaconfruntrilordintreutilizatoriresurselorenergetice.
Aspectele energetice presint o provocare important pentru diferite autoriti la nivelul
central,localsisectorial.Dupcrisadeaprovizionarecugazinfebruarie2000iintreruperilor
de aprovizionare in 2009, Guvernul Republicii Moldova in copperare cu UE i autoritilor
relevant din Romnia a decis se construieasc gazoductul cu scopul reducerii consecinelor
negative in caz de urgen. In acest context Comisia European, Guvernele din Moldova i
Romniaaualocatresurselepentruconstruciaacestuigazoduct.
PiaaenergeticinRepublicaMoldovaafostliberalizatinanul2000cndcirca70%asectorului
de distribuire au fost privatizate de ctre Union Fenosa Joint Stock Company (Spain).
Actualmente compania presteaz serviciile in 3 regiuni de dezvoltare al Republicii Moldova
(nord,centruisud)inclusiviincapitalarii.
Moldovaraporteazcreetreainvestiiilorinsectorulaprovizionriicugazdela15mln.euroin
anul2008pnla28mlninanul2010.Planulactualdeinvestiiipresupuneconstruciacirca
500dekilometridegazoducteinperioad20132015.Inacelatimp,inconformitatecudecisia
ANRE de la 6 aprilie 2011 piaa de gaz in Moldova a fost recunoscut ca necompetitiv din
causaaprovizionriidinosingurasurs.Zcmintelelocaledegazsuntnesemnificativeipoate
fifolositenumaipentrufabricalocaldepanificaieinpartedesudalrii(districtulbaimaclia).
Producereabiogazuluiestelimitatdincauzacriseiasectoruluizootehnic.Inacelatimpacest
sectoresteincretere,inspecialinsectorulprivatisepoatedeateptatunintere4smaisporit
la aceasta surs de energie in viitorul apropiat. In acest context dezvoltarea acestui sector
trebuiesedezvoltinparalelcuelaborareagidurilorprivindutilizareabiogazuluiidezvoltrii
sistemuluidedistribuienanivellocal(incureleicaseleprivateipublice)(8).
Folosireabiomaseiesteunadinprioritipentruasigurareaaprovizionriicuenergia(speechiul
MinistruluideExternearepubliciiMoldovalaAsambleiaGeneralaONUlui,Septembrie,2015).
Producereabiomaseiarputeafioprioritatelanivellocaliacestsectorarputeafidezvoltatin
comunitilelocale.Conformestimrilorcirca5%7%dinnecesitileinenergialanivellocalar
puteafiacoperitedinaceastasurs.
District heating improvement project (8) realizat de ctre Banca Mondial in 2005 cu
obiectivul de a contrubui la imbuntire eficienei operative i viabilitii financiare a
companiei energetice raionale i a imbunti calitate i reliabilitate serviciilor de nclzire
pentru locuitori a capitalei (Chisinau). Ca rezultat a proiectului pot fi ateptat ca circa 80% a

locuitoriloralorauluivoraveacondiiilemaibunedenclzireprinreducereapierderilordin
sistemuldedistribuie.
Fiecaredinproiectelefinanataavutcompartimentulprivindparticipareapubliculuiiinstruire
relevant a fost realizat cu invitatie representanilor de societate civil. Acest aspect a fost
reflectatiinactivitiledincadruproiectuluiClimaForumEstimplementaqtinMolodvainanii
20132014cuunuldinobiectivedecretereacapacitilorasocietiicivileprivindimplicarela
procesuldecsionalcainstrumentlaadaptatrelaschimbrileclimatice.
Cele mai bune 7 proiecte energetice au fost susinute in cadru Moldovan Sustainable Energy
Financing Facility (MoSEFF) i au fost presentate pentru EUEBRD Sustainable Excellence
Awards2012(10)
Lansat in 2010 prin BERD, MoSEFF este un program de 20 million ca credit special destinat
finanrii i ncomporrii proiectelor in domeniul eficienei energetice i producerii energieie
regenerabile prin parteneriat cu bncile locale MoldovaAgroindbank, Moldindconbank i
BCRChisinau.
Celemaiimportanterezultateleaproiectelorafosteficienaenergeticireducereacosturilor
aproduselorfinale,facturilemaimicipentrufolosireaenergieietc.Afardeaceastcelemai
bune practici privind eficien energetic au fost presentate in diferite pri a rii cu
presentareaprogrameloreducaionaleinacestdomeniupentrudiferiteautoritilepublicei
sectoriale.GranturileUEdindiferiteprogramepromovauactvitileceineficienenergetic,
folosirea resurselor energetice alternative etc. Aspecetele de eficien energetic au fost
presentate in proiectele elaborate de ctre studeni i elevii din clasele liceale in cadru
contestelornaionaleilocale.
Cele mai importante provocri pentru implementarea practicilor de eficien energetic in
Moldova

Utlizareasurselorenergeticealternative:biomasa,eenergiaeolian,hydrocentrale(mici
dimensiuni)etc
Folosirearesurselorenergeticelocaledezcminteledepetroligazdinsudulrii,care
arputeaacopericirca12%dinconsumultotalaresurselorenergetice
Aplicare tehnologiilor avansate privind eficiena energetic i folosirea materialelor
modernepentruaprevenipierderidinsistemuldedistribuireirecipienifinali(cldiri,
intreprinderiindustriale,agricoleetc)
Elaborarea programelor de instruire i practicilor ce in de eficiena energetic pentru
diferitorigrupelentdepopulaiecticompaniilepubliceprivindintroducereacelor
maieficientetehnologii

3. Scenariile possibile spre anul 2025, cele mai eventuale i recommendri pentru
atingerearesultatelorctmaibune.
3.1.StrategiaenergeticalUEiPoliticaEnergeticNaional
Strategia Energetic al UE (2) prin perspectiva rii presint o baz pentru implementare a
documentiluidepoliticinaionaleindomeniulenergieiincooperarecuUEialtorinstituiilor
internaionale, care lucreaz in Moldova. Guvernul Republicii Moldova a exprimat
angajamentul de a mri partea resurselor energetice renovabile in consumul total al energiei

pn la 20% spre anul 2020. Acest angajament este in linii cu politica UE privind folosirea
resurselorenergeticeregenerabileinUE.Inacestcontextasistenfinanciaritehnologicin
acestdomeniudinparteainstituiiloralUEctidelarilemembrepoatefiacordatdup
ntrare in vigoare Acordului de Asociere dintre Moldova i UE, care va permite Moldovei se
participe la diferite programe pentru ri cu statut de acess i de a implementa politic
energeticnaionaladoptatinMoldovainanul2013.Carezultataimplementriistrategiei
Moldovavabeneficiaprincreareapiaeimoderneicompetetive,pregtitpentruintegrarea
in spaiu european prin: securitateamai sporit in aprovizionare cu resursele energetice,
cooperarealanivelregionalicomunitar,adaptarealaschimbrileclimatice,proteciamediului
nconjurtoretc.
Spre anul 2020 UE intenioneaz reducerea gazelor cuefect de sercu cel puin20%, a mri
quotaaresurselorenergeticerenovabileinconsumultotalalenergieipnla20%iintroduce
msurideeficienenergeticpnla20%saumaimult.Toaterilemembretrebuieseasigure
folosirea cel puin 10% a resurselor regenerabile in sectorul transportului. In acest context
golurileautoritilornaionaleinimplementareaprevederilorStrategieiEnergeticealUEpoate
fiurmtoarele:

Se asigure aprovizionare durabil consumatorilor in Moldova folosind oportunitile

care vin prin cooperarea cu UE. Prioritate in acest context este conectarea sistemului
naional de distribuie la sistemul respectiv al UE (proectul comun cu Romnia),
folosirea practicilor privind eficiena energetic prin introducerea materialelor i
tehnologiilor moderne, atragerea resurselor locale i din UE pentru renovarea
sistemelor de distribuire existent in Moldova i participarea activ in pia unic
energetic al UE. In acest context strategia naional prevede introducerea
metodologiiloriexperieneidestabilireatarifelorinbazapracticilordinUE,asigurarea
transpareneiinacestdomeniucarearputeafiasiguratprinparticipareainproiectul
parteneriatulEstic.
IntegrareacupiaenergeticalUEsepropuneprinprivatizarecompaniilornaionalei
presentareahrtiilordevaloarealorpepialiber.Aceastaesteoprovocarepentru
autoritilenaionaledeoareceprevedemodoficareainstatulalMoldovagaz(filialade
Gazprom) i prentarea hrtiilor de valoare acestora (ca si altor companii) trebuie fi in
circulaialiber.Strategianaionalprevedeidiversificareasurselordeaprovizionarein
bazaaderriilareeuadedistribuirealUE(Romnia)icreareacompaniilorjointstock
curilemembrealUE,inspecialdinbazinulDunrean(aprovizionarecuenergiadela
hydrocentrala Porile de fer, Cernovoda in Romnia i procurarea energiei electrice in
Ukraina)
Un component important in stategiile energetice naional i al UE este eficiena
energetic, care este un aspect deosebit de important in managementul energetic in
republica Moldova. In conformitatea cu acest document strategic naional se prevede
asigurarea colilor din ra cu sistemul autonom de nclzire spre anul 2020 in baza
resurselor energetice regenerabile cu protecia cldirilor cu materialul isolator.
Autoritile moldoveneti trebuie se ncurajeze proprietarilor de locuine se instaleze
sistemele locale de nclzire i a introduce taxele promoionale pentru organizaii i
ntreprindericuconsumulredusalenergiei.
Dezvoltarea economiei verde tot presint o prioritate pentru autoritile naionale de
cooperarecu UE in sectorul energetic. Aceastaprevede reducereaemisiilor decarbon
cu20%spreanul2020prinimplementareapracticiloragricole,aplicaretehnologiilorcu
consumul redus a resurselor energetice (irigare, prelucrarea produciei agricole etc).

Estimrilearatcaaceastaarputeaasigurereducereaconsumuluiresurselorenergetice
cu2025%spreanii20202030.InacelatimpcretereaeconomicinMoldovapentru
aceasta perioad este estimat cu 35% (conform trendurile actuale) i atingerea
acestuioscopesteoprovocare,carearputeafidepitprincooperareacuUE.Inacest
context cooperarea cu UE in domeniul cercetrii i implemtrii resultatelor obinute
esteoprioritatepentruautoritilornaionaledindiferitenivele.Oproblemamajorin
acestcontextestecapcitateinsufientainfrastructuriinaionaleseadoptelatehnologii
noiiseelaborezestandarde,normativeleilegislaiarelevantinliniicucelealUE.
PrinresolvareaacestorprovocrilanivelnaionalUEpotcontribuielaadaptarealaschimbrile
climatice, reducerea dependenei a consumtorilor din Moldova de combustibil fosil i prin
aceastasecreezecondiiimaifavorabiledeaprovizionarecuenergiaaconsumatorilorcasnicii
agenieconomici.
Oportunitatea de baz pentru dezvoltarea sectorului energetic in Moldova reieas de la
intrarea in for Acordului de Asociere cu UE, care presint un document de baz pentru
continuare cooperrii dintre Moldova i UE. Acest document acoper practic toate domeniile
de dezvoltare a rii i presint oportunitile bune pentru progresul sectoruuil energetic in
baza standardelor uniunii energetice europene. In baza acestei cooperrii Moldova ar putea
benefeciadin:

AcesslapiataenergeticalUEiutilizareanoilortehnologiiprivindproducereaenergiei,
transportarea,eficienaenergeticetc
Moderniza nivelul tehnologic a intreprinderilor energetice i prin aceasta reduce
pierderile din sistemul energetic, crea noi locuri de munc in acest sector i stabili
tarifilejustificatepentruprestareaserviciilorenergetice.
Implicare autoritilor energetice naionale in programele respective din UE pentru
rilecustatudeAcorduldeAsociere
Facilita implicarea publicului in managementul sectorului energetic monitorizarea
eficientaANREialtorinstituiilordindomeniuenergetic.

nperspectivconsumtoriidinMoldovapotsebucurade:

Stabilireatarifelorrealedeserviciienergetice
Atragerearesurselor(financiare,tehnologiceetc)pentrurenovaresistemuluienergetic
inMoldova
Folosireamaieficientaresurselorenergeticeidependenaredusdelasingursurs
Dezvoltareasectoruluienergeticnaional

4. Decarbonizareaeconomiei

Un ir de proiecte privind decarbonizare sunt actualment implementate in Moldova in

cooperarecuUEiinstitutiileinternaionale.FiincMoldovaesteinmaremsuraraagrar
decorbonizare este asociat cu conservarea solurilor, activitilor forestiere, restaurarea a
zonelorumede,folosireadeeuriloragricoleetc.
Proiect privind restaurarea a solurilor este indrumat spre adptarea renovabil a perioadei de
creditpe20de3ani,carearputeafiextinspedoiperioadeconsecutivede20deaniintotal60
de ani. Proiectul va genera veniturile de la vinzarea lemnului prin Reducerea Certificat a

Emisiilor (CER) pe parcursul creditului de 20 de ani. Costul de implementarea proiectului pe

parcursul de 11 ani (20022012) este estimate in valoare de US$18.74 million. Moldsilva a
finanat implementarea proiectului in aceasta faz. Proiect a fost realizat in aria pilot cu
suprafade1310haiCO2lanivelde146t.Activitileincadruproiectuluiprevedeaplantarea
arborilordincare50%aufostspeciilenative.
Climate East project. Managementul durabil a paunilor i pdurilor a comunitilor locale in
primulparculnationalinMoldovaOrheisedemonstrezebeneficiiledemitigareaiadaptarea
la schimbrile climatice pentru comunile locale.Activitile in cadru proiectului prevd
reducerea GHG prin prevenirea eroziunii solului, care ar putea fi estimate pentru stockarea
carbonului in sol 0.9 tC/ha/an, accumulare de 0.45 t C/ha/an a carbonului in vegetaie de
punii9.12tC/ha/anaccumulareainvegetaiaforestiercucretereacontinu.
Proiectuldenclzireinlocalitileruraleprevedeasigurareacucldurcladirilorpubliceprin
folosirearesurselorregenerabileprecumintoducereamsurilordeeconomisirearesurselor
energetice cu ar fi isolaia mai efectiv a jamurilor, reconstrucia cldirilor publice, aplicarea
metodelormaiperformantedenclzireetc.
4.1.Situaianar

FondulForestier:

Suprafa total 419.1 mii ha (12.7% teritoriului rii), inclusiv i suprafeele acoperite cu
pduri374.5miiha(11.3%nivelulnpduririi),

Incluciv:

54.5miihasau13.0%suntinproprietateacomunitilorialtele,inclusiv2.6miiha(0.6%)
pduriprivate.

Pduriaflateafardefondulsilvic:

49.1miiha(29.8miihaapdurilorsuntfiideprotectivei19.2miihavegetaiadesubarboret
iruburi.
4.2Direciastrategicdedecarbonizare
Dezvoltaresectoruluideenergiaregenerabilicretereaeficientinsectoarelederesedin,
industria, transport i agricultur sunt dintre prioriti in Moldova 2020 development
strategy(2012). Un cadru instituional adecvat pentru promovarea folosirii resurselor
regenarabile energetice a fost creat cu aprobarea Startegiei Energetice pn la 2020 (aprobat
2007), programului Naional privind Asigurarea Securitii Energetice pentru anii 20072015,
Legea privind Energiei regenerabile (aprobat in 2007), Legea privind Eficien in Energetic
(aprobat in 2010), Programul Naional privind Eficien in Energetic pentru perioad 2011
2020 i Ageniei Naionale privind Eficien in Energetic. In aceste condiii se elaboreaz i
cadrulegislativerelevantdeacquitsrespectivealeUE.

Legea privind energia regenerabil: creterea folosirii energiei produse din sursele
regenerabile cu ponderea de 20% din consumul domestic total i 10% producerii

energieielectricedinacesteresurseannualspreanul2020,tarifelerespectiveurmeaz
safieaprobatepeparcursulde15ani;
Eficienenergetic:seprevedecretereagradualeficienrienergeticecu20%spreanul
2020,seplanificcreareaFonduluiEficieneiEnergetice;

Aciunele privind elaborarea Planul Energetic de Aciuni a fost lansat de ctre BERN in 2011
pentru de a imbunti mediu pentru investiii in energia durabil in diferite sectoare ale
economiei naionale. Cteva companii de peste hotare au exprimat interes in domeniul
eficieneienergeticeinMoldovaiacumplanificcreareaafiliailor.Celemaipromisibilenie
suntindomeniulproduceriibiomasei.

Biomasa:proiecteledemicidimensiunisedezvoltinbazareziduriloragricole.
Potenialuleadezvoltasistemuldenclzirebazatpeutilizareapaiuluiin100,000de
caseprivate,biogazdindeeuriagricole(reziduriledelalaproducereazahrului,etc.)i
deeurianimaliere,producereabrichetelor(combustibilsolidobinutcarezultatula
compactriideeurilorindustrialctiagricole,UNDPsupport)ipelei;
EnergiaVndului:potenialulestimativ1,000MW;
Hydrocentrale:proiecteahidrocentralelordemicidimensiunipeNistru,Pruti
Dunrea;
EnergiaSolar:proiecteledecolectrileaenergieitermicesolarepentruap
producereaapeicaldesaugenerareacurentului;
Eficienenergetic:proiecteleinsectorulresidenial,industrial,detransportiagricol.
Liniadecreditnbazaonlendingdestinatecompaniilorlocaleprivatesuntdisponibile
prinBERD,lMoldovaSustainableEnergyFinancialFacility(MoSEFF).

PaipracticeelaborateinMoldovaprivinddecarbonizare:
mpdurire terenurilor abondonate pe suprafa de 20290 ha pn la anul2020.Remedierea
estimativaGHG179.200tCO2e
prevenirea eroziunii solului prin extinderea fiilor verde in terenurile agricole i plantarea
vegetaieiforestierepesuprafade28000ha
cretereaproductivitiiasolului,
cretereaaprovizionriiaconsumatorilorcucombustibilprodusinbazaresurselor
regenerabile

Beneficiilepotenialeobinuteincomuniticaresultataplantriivegetaieiforestierepe
terenurileabandonate(nbazantrunirideconsultantcuAPL)

Nr
Categoriabeneficiilor
partein%
1
nbuntirestriimediului
30
2
Cretereavolumuluiabiomaseipentruproducereaenergiei
27
3
Reducereadegradriisolurilor(alunicri,eroziuneetc.)
25
4
Recreaie
15
5
Biodiversitate
6
6
Paunatmaiefficientinzoneleumede
12
7
Plantelemedicinale
7
8
Agriculturaecologic
15
9
Adaptarelaschimbrileclimatice
20

Dateledintablesuntbazateperezultateledemenionriacategoriilorsusnumitein
sondajulperfectatinperioad20122013.

5. Cercetare,Inovareaicompetivitatea

Cele mai importante activiti in cercetarea i inovare aspectelor legate cu energia sunt
perfectate in cadru Institutului de Energia al Academiei de tiine a Moldovei. Direcia
strategicdebazindomeniuldiferitoristudiilorprivindenergiaesteeficienaenergetici
asigurarea securitii energetice, inclusive i utilizarea resurselor regenerabile. Cele mai
importantedomeniiledecercetaresunt:

Elaborarea i argumentarea conceptului de integrarea sistemului energetic national cu cele

dinrilevecines.

identificarea scenariilor resonabile privind dezvoltarea aspectelor intersistemice i

intrasistemice cu estimarea eficienei inovaionale in reelele de tip Smart grid, reelele de
distribuiredetipLEDA,echipamentuldetipFACTScontroller.

elaborareapropunerilorisoluiitehniceprivinddiminuareimpactuluinegativeasuprastrii
i funcionrii reelelor de distribuirea energetic i utilizarea resurselor energetice
regenerabile.

evaluarea impactului a provocrilor externe i interne asupra securitii energetice i

elaborarearecomandrilorpentrudiminuareariskurilorassociatecuacesteprovocri.

Elaborarea scenariilor posibile privind dezvoltarea sistemului energetic national (central

electrice, inclusive i sistemul de distribuie, transportarea energiei, opiunele pentru
interconnectrietc.)

elaborareabazelordedateprivindfuncionareasistemuluinationalelectroenergetic.

Elaborarearecomandrilorisoluiitehniceprivinddezvoltareaechipamentelorindomeniul
regulriifluxurilorenergeticeimbuntireacalitiienergieielectrice.Elaborareametodelor,
mostrelordelaboratorinbazasoluiilorinnovativeindomeniulconversieiiutilizriiresurselor
energetice regenerabile pentru diferitori consumtori cu testare experimental a msurilor
propuse.

identificarea msurilor i echipamentelor necesare pentru creterea eficienei energetice in

sectoareledebazaleconomieinaionale(avicultura,activitateaagricolinserele,producerea
lactatelor,fructe,legume,conservareamaseiverdepentrucretereaanimaleloretc).

Programeledecercetarerecenteindomeniulenergieisuntinliniicuprogrameledecercetare
aleGuvernuluiisuntndrumatespreimplementareaprevederilorAcorduluideAsocieredintre
UE i Republica Moldova ct i la elaborarea ingineriei in domeniul tehnologiilor energetice
pentrucretereaeficieneienergeticeineconomianaional.

5.2.Potenialulnationaldecercetareinsectorulenergetic(instituiileirezultatelerecente)

Cele mai importante rezultatele recente in domeniul de cercetare i inovare in Moldova inj
sectorulenergetic:
elaborarea i perfecionarea metodelor de calcularea i estimarea tendinilor in evoluia a
sistemuluienergeticnationaldinpunctdevedereasecuritiienergetice;
estimrile cantitative a schimbrilor in securitate energetic naional, elaborarea
recomndrilorimsurilorimplementareacroravaasigurambuntireasistemuluinational
desecuritateindomeniulenergetic;
Recommendareamsurilorprivindregularefluxurilorenergeticeinsistemulenergeticnational
iutilizareasistemuluiautomaticinaprovizionareaconsumtorilorcuenergia;
soluiile privind dezvoltarea reelelor de tensiune nalt, elaborarea echipamentului pentru
transformareanergieielectriceiprimare;
opiuni pentru dezvoltarea interconeciunilor din sistemul electric naional cu cele din
sistemeleENTSOE;
soluiiprivindutilizareaifolosirearesurselorenergeticeregenerabile;
propunerile innovative privind conversia energetic i creterea capacitii a sistemului
convertorietipDC/DCiDC/AC.
5.3 PosibilitileexistenteiposibileincooperarecuinstituiilealUE
IncadrulcooperriicuUEiimplicriiinstituiilortiinificedinMoldovaincolaborarecuEEun
rdeactivititiinificeafostelaboratindomeniulsectoruluienergeticsubegidaprogramelor
FP7,STCU,proiectelorbilateralecuparteneriidinUcrainaiRomniaincadrulprogramuluide
bun vecinitate etc. Resultatele proiectelor in domeniul de creterea eficienei energetice a
centralelor energetice, estimrii resirselor energetice regenerabile i valorificarea lor,
elaborarearecomandrilorprivindreducereapierderilorinreelelededistribuieetc.

Oportuniti pentru cooperarea in cercetri ar putea fi create in domenii ca modernizarea

eventual a facilitilor energetice existente i reducerea pierderii energetice in reelele de
distribuire, creterea eficienei in folosirea resurselor energetice regenerabile i elaborarea
practicilor privind managementul energetic mai prietenos de mediu. Cele mai importante
obstacoleleincooperareatiinificaarputeafiurmtoarele:

CapacitileinsuficienteaexperilordinMoldovainpregtireapropunerilordeproiecte
pentrucooperareacuinstitutiiledinUEiimplementaobiectiveleastudiilorcomune;
Capacitile tehnice slabe al instituiilor din sfera tiinei i inovrii din Moldova in
organizarealucrrilorexperimentaleipeteren;
Activitile educaionale la nivel Universitilor insuficiente. Atractivitatea redus a
obiectuluiespectivpentrustudeni;
Traningulinsuficientapersonaluluiimplicatinelaborareaproiectelor,capacitileslabe
a institutelor din sfera tiinei i inovrii in acordarea suportului financiar pentru
participarealadiferiteforuriinternaionaledindomeniul;

Depireaobstacolelorsusnumitepresintunaspectimportantpentrucooperareademai
departecuinstituteledinUEiatrageriipracticilorrelevanteinspecialindomeniicumarfi

training, elaborarea programelor educaionale la nivel Universitar, crearea facilitilor

pentru traininguri, schimb cu studeni, savani etc. Aceasta ar putea facilita dezvoltarea
sectoruluiinovaionalidecercetareindomeniulenergeticinMoldova.

SinergismelestrategieienergeticealUEcuceledinMoldova

Pentru atingerea obiectivelor Strategiei Energetice ale UE un ir de activiti trebuie fi

implementatinMoldova.Inconformitatecustrategiaenergeticnaionalcinciprioritisunt
sinergeticecudocumentulrespectivalUE:

Se face Europa mai eficient energetic prin creterea investiiilor in practicile de efitien
energetic mai sporit in cldiri, produsele i transport. Aceasta include msuri ca labeling a
schemelor energetice, renovarea cldirilor publice i introducerea ecodesignului pentru
producerea intensiv a produselor. Strategia naional presupune creteream investiiilor in
sectorulenergetic,proteciacldirilordelaperdereaenergieiipromovareaeconomieiverde
inspecialdinsectorulagricolpentrureducereaconsumuluienergieiifolosireamaterieiprime.
Construcia pieei panEuropene prin instalarea linii de transmisie necesare, reelelor de
distribuire, terminalelor i alt infrastructura. Schemele financiare noi ar putea fi propuse
pentruproiectecarenupoatefifinanatedinfondurilepublice.Spreanul2015nicioardin
UE nu va fi isolat de la pia energetic al UE. Strategia energetic a Moldovei prevede
liberalizareapieeienergetice,decentralizareaeiiapariianoilorschemedefinanare,careva
fi mai transparente in ceiea ce privete stabilirea tarifelor energetice. Un loc deosebit in
strategianaionalestepregtireaRepubliciiMoldovaseaderezelaUniuneEnergeticalUEi
sfiepresentlapiaenergeticalUE.
Protejarea drepturilor consumtorilor i atingerea standardelor nalte in sectorul energetic.
Aceasta include posibilitatea pentru consumtorilor se schimbe compania de prestare
serviciilor energetice, monitorizare folosirii energiei i resolvarea rapid a plngerilor.
Drepturile consumtorului este of provocare pentru implementarea strategiei naionale ca i
diversificare productorilor energiei, posibilitii in schimbarea furnizorului, crearea
oportunitilor pentru dezvoltarea companiilor noi in pia prestrii serviciilor energetice.
Participare publicului in procesul decisional presinta unul din obiective a strategiei naionale
ins nu sunt clare mechanismele care urmeaz se fie elaborate pentru asigurare implicare
publicului in managementul sectorului energetic. In acest context cooperarea cu UE in acest
domeniuesteoprioritateinimplementareaproiectuluiParteneriatulEstic.
ImplementareaPlanuluiTehnologicEnergeticStrategicastrategieienergeticalUEacelereaz
dezvoltarea i elaborarea tehnologiilor noi privind reducerea carbonului. Aceasta refer la
utilizarea mai larg a energiei solare, capturare stockarea carbonului. Emisiile reduse a
carbonuluisuntprevzuteiinstrategiaenergeticnaionalctsiindocumenteledepolitici
sectoriale:strategiadeproteciaamediului,strategiadezvoltriiagriculturii,strategiaprivind
apicanalizareetc.Caobiectivseprevedeatingereaquoteide20%aresurselorregenerabile
in consumul total al energiei spre anul 2020 in comparaie cu nivelul actual. In acela timp
strategianaionalsidocumenteledepoliticisectorialenuindiccareestepotenialulpentru
acesteactivitiinusuntpresentateestimriprivindcumtehnologiinoiarputeasecontribuie
ladezvoltareasectoruluienergeticinMoldova.
AsigurarearelaiilorbunecuproductorexternalUEaenergieiicuriledetransitaenergiei.
Prin comunitatea Energetic comun, UE lucreaz asupra integrrii rilor vecine in pia
energetic intern. Strategia naional ca si alte documente de politici sectoriale prevede
integrareaapieeinaionaledeenergiecuceiacuUE.Aceastestepresntatintruunirde
msuricaconstruciareelelordelaUEspreMoldova.Inacelatimpcooperareacupartenerii
dinEsttotrmneprioritarpentruautoritileMoldovene

Provocrileibarirele.
Provocrile:

Eqipament invechit folosit in producerea, transportarea, distribuire etc a energiei.

Obstacol: capacitatea slab a consumtorilor locali se achit serviciile prestate i ca
consecininvestiiiinsuficienteindezvoltareasectoruluienergetic.
Depirea dependenei de o singur surs aprovizionrii cu energis idialog politic
durabilcuautoritiletransnistreneprivindtarifelelaenergiaprodusinregiune.

Bariereleposibile:
Opiniilecontraversateaautoritiloriinstitutiilorprivindresolvareaproblemelorinclusiv
siceleenergetice:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Crearea procedurii transparente de stabilirea a tarifelor i participarea activ a

publicului in procesul decisional din domeniu. Barier posibil: experii din societatea
civil sunt insuficient instruite in aplicarea practicilor respective din UE, informare
insuficientinacestdomeniu.
Extinderea de mai departe a reelei de aprovizionare i construcia noilor capaciti
comunecuUE.
Adoptare i implementarea prevederilor acquisului energetic al UE, aplicarea lor in
legislaia naional. Barirele posibile: personalul insuficient instruit (in special la nivel
sectorial,localiregional),capacitileinstitutionaleinsuficiente,lipsaprogramelorde
instruire

Concluziiirecomandri
AutoritileMoldovenesuntingrijoraiprivinddezvoltareasectoruluienergeticinar.
Analizadocumentelordepoliticiinclusivicelorsectorialeconfirmvoinaautoritilor
relevante se integreze sectorul energetic naional cu cel al UE. Cooperarea cu UE
ramneprioritatepoliticindezvoltareasocialeconomicalriiprecumiasectorului
energetic
Societate civil in Moldova este slab implicat in procesul lurii decisiilor privind
dezvoltareaifuncionareasistemuluienergeticnaionaliprioritilepentrudepirea
acestuia trebuie fi identificate. Programele de instruire privind aceasta din UE sunt
binevenite in Moldova i cooperarea cu UE ct i rile din Perteneriatul Estic este
necesar.
StrategiaEnergeticnaionalesteundocumentrelevantpentrudezvoltareaulterioar
a sectorului i a fost elaborat conform prevederilor strategiei Energetice al UE.
ImplementareastrategieinaionalevacontribuilaqintegrareaaRepubliciiMoldovacu
UE i Uniunea Energetic. Provocrile i barierele identificate poate fi depite numai
prin cooperare cu instituiile Europene i prin implementare aciunelor (proiecte)
comune.ExperiendelaUEinacestdomeniuestefoartenecesarpentruextinderea
capacitilordeparteneriatcuinstituiiledesocietateacivildinriledeParteneriatul
EsticiUE.
Aspectele energetice trebuie se revin ca partea integrant de dezvoltarea sectorial
bazatpeeconomiaverde,introduceriitehnologiilornoiprivindeficieneienergeticela
toatestdiiledeproducere,transportrii,distribuieictifolosiriideconsumatoriifinali.

Societatea civil poate contribuie la ceast prin organizarea campaniilor privind

alarmarea publicului, instruirii privind eficiena energitic la nivelcaselor private,elevi
decoaletc.
Recomandri:

Crearea Forumului Energetic Est cu obiectivele, care ar putea fi discutate in cadru

grupuluidelucru3aForumuluiSocietiicivile.
Elaborareastrategieiipregtireaproiectului(proiectelor)privindimplicareaeficienta
societii civile in dezvoltarea sectorului energetic in Molodva i din rile din
ParteneriatuluiEstic.
Crearea mechanismului i instrumentelor pentru asigurarea participrii active i
alarmriiapubliculuiprivinddezvoltareasectoruluienergetic
Crearea Forumului Energetic Est pentru copperarea mai eficient cu UE in doemniul
energeticiimplicriipubliculuilarginprocesuldecisionslinacestsector.

Remrciledencheire
Documentul de politici presentat este un obiect pentru discuii in cadru proiectului
ParteneriatulEstic,platformeinaionaleetc.Oricecomentariiisugestiiarputeafitransmotei
presentate in cadru platformei naionale a Parteneriatului Estic pentru discuii i elaborrii
propunerilorprivindimplicareasocietiicivileinprocesuldecisionalinsectorulenergetic.

Bibliografia

1. NationalenergystrategyoftheRepublicofMoldova,Chisinau,2013
2. http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/energyunion/index_en.htm
3. NationalActionPlanforenergyefficiency,Chisinau,2013
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

AnnualstatisticoftheRepublicofMoldova,Chisinau,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014
NationalClimateVulnerabilityAssessment,Chisinau,2014
MoldovaEUAssociationagreement,Chisinau,2013
EUEnergystrategy,
ec.europa.euEnergyEuropeanCommission
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/05/24437229/moldovadistrictheating
efficiencyimprovementprojectp132443implementationstatusresultsreportsequence01
10. www.undp.md/projects/Biomass
11. www.ebrd.com/news/bestsustainableenergyprojectsinmoldova

ANNEXES:

Annex1.ElectricityconsumptionbybasicsectorsintheRepublicof
Moldovauntil2025(withoutindustry),millionkWh
Table2.1.

Year/sector
Construction
Transport
Agriculture
2013
18
60
60
2015
20
61
62
2017
21
62
63
2019
22
72
65
2021
28
84
70
2023
33
100
78

Source:NationalBureauofStatisticsoftheRepublicofMoldova,EnergyBalanceofthe
RepublicofMoldova.Collectionofstatisticaldata,2010.

annex2.
Table2.1MaineconomicindicatorsintheRepublicofMoldovatill2030(basicscenario)

Indicators
2015
2020
2025
2030
GDPincurrentprices,leibillion 118,3
173,33
238,96
320,71
Agricultureincurrentprices,lei, 27,1
32,9
40,1
48,9
billion
Industryinprices,lei,billion
49,5
67,9
92,5
121,3
Populationmillion
3,532
3,437
3,357
3,327
Totalenergyconsumption,TWh 4,24
5,56
7,00
8,49

Source:InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),WEO,April2012;MinistryofEconomyupdated
forecastfor2015.