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PSTN architecture
64 kbit/sec
Subscriber 'A'
Analogue
copper
pair (2 wire)
to customer
PCM
Switch
2/4 wire conversion
A's local telephone exchange
64 kbit/sec
PCM Codec serial data
Subscriber 'A'
Analogue
copper
pair (2 wire)
to customer
PCM
Switch
PCM
Switch
PSTN Trunk network
2/4 wire conversion
What is
the
bandwidth
of the
various
links in
the
network?
Section A 8, Page 1
2/4
wire
Tx
path
Rx
LPF
Anti-aliasing
filter (3.4 kHz)
8 bit parallel
64 kbit/sec
serial data
Section A 8, Page 3
Section A 8, Page 2
Section A 8, Page 4
PCM Companding
(Halsall Fig 2.25)
3 bit A/D
conversion
shown for
simplicity
-law or A-law
companding 8 bit companded
PCM is used
instead of 12 bit
linear PCM
Example shown is
5 bit for clarity
Section A 8, Page 5
C = W Log2 (1+S/N)
Where:
C is the information (data) rate in bits/sec
W is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz,
S is the average signal power in watts,
N is the random noise power in watts.
Data Communications, Ed. 2, D. Lauder
Section A 8, Page 7
Section A 8, Page 6
Section A 8, Page 8
64 kbit/sec
Client
56k modem
Tx
PCM
Switch
Digital
Rx
Analogue
copper
2/4 wire conversion
pair (2 wire)
to client
Client's local telephone exchange
Server
64 kbit/sec
serial data
64k bit/sec
ISDN
connection
Tx
ISDN
CPE
PCM
Switch
PCM
Switch
PCM
Switch
Digital
Rx
Use of
a 56k
modem
on the
PSTN
ISDN
Line card
Section A 8, Page 9
Section A 8, Page 10
Section A 8, Page 11
Section A 8, Page 12
Section A 8, Page 13
Section A 8, Page 14
Section A 8, Page 15
Attenuation
Phase shift
Characteristic impedance
Crosstalk
Impulsive interference and random noise
Section A 8, Page 16
Section A 8, Page 17
Section A 8, Page 19
Section A 8, Page 18
Section A 8, Page 20
Section A 8, Page 21
Section A 8, Page 22
Section A 8, Page 23
Section A 8, Page 24
Frame 1
Frame 2
18 bits
block
sync.
96
bits
B1
Frame 666
96
bits
B2
24
bits
D
Frame 667
6
bits
ctrl
Section A 8, Page 25