28.11.

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Coordinates :48.41N23.29E

ZakarpattiaOblast
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheZakarpattiaOblast(Ukrainian:
,translit.Zakarpatskaoblastseeotherlanguages
)
isanadministrative
oblast(province)locatedinsouthwestern
Ukraine,coterminouswiththehistoricalregionof
Carpathian
Ruthenia.Itsadministrativecentre
isthecityofUzhhorod.
Othermajorcitieswithintheoblastinclude
Mukachevo,
Khust,BerehoveandChopwhichishometorailroad
transportinfrastructure.

ZakarpattiaOblast

Zakarpatskaoblast
Oblast

ZakarpattiaOblastwasestablishedon22January1946,after
CzechoslovakiacededtheterritoryofSubcarpathianRusto
theUkrainianSovietSocialistRepublic
,underatreaty
betweenCzechoslovakiaandtheSovietUnion.Some
scholarssaythatduringthe
Ukrainianindependence
referendumheldin1991,ZakarpattiaOblastvoterswere
givenaseparateoptiononwhetherornottheyfavoured
autonomyfortheregion.[3]Althoughalar
gemajority
favouredautonomy
,itwasnotgranted.[3]However,this
referendumwasaboutselfgovernmentstatus,notabout
[4]
autonomy(likeinCrimea).

Flag
Coatofarms

SituatedintheCarpathianMountains
ofwesternUkraine,
ZakarpattiaOblastistheonlyUkrainianadministrative
Coordinates:48.41N23.29E
divisionwhichbordersuponfourcountries:
Poland,Slovakia,
HungaryandRomania.TheCarpathianMountainsplaya
Ukraine
Country
majorpartintheoblast'seconomy
,makingtheregionan
22January1946
importanttouristandtraveldestinationhousingmanyskiand Established
sparesorts.
Uzhhorod
Administrativecenter
Largestcities

Withitsalmost13,000squarekilometres(5,000sqmi),the
oblastisranked23rdbyareaand15thbypopulationas
accordingtothe2001UkrainianCensus
,thepopulationof
Government
ZakarpattiaOblastis1,254,614.Thistotalincludespeopleof Governor
manydifferentnationalitiesofwhich
Hungarians,Romanians
Oblastcouncil
andRusynsconstitutesignificantminoritiesinsomeofthe
province'scities,whileinothers,theyformthemajorityoftheChairperson
population(asinthecaseofBerehove).
Area
Total

Contents
1
2
3
4
5

Name
Geography
History
Politics
Administrativedivisions
5.1 Raions
5.2 Urbansettlements
5.2.1 Citiesofregionalsignificance

5.2.2 Otherurbansettlements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast

Arearank
Population(2016)
Total
Rank
Density
Demographics
Officiallanguage(s)

Uzhhorod,Mukacheve,
Khust,Vynohradiv,
Berehove
HennadiyMoskal[1] (Ind.)
90seats
MikhayloRivis
12,777km2(4,933sqmi)
Ranked23rd
1,259,158
Ranked15th
99/km2(260/sqmi)

Averagesalary

Ukrainian1
UAH1070.45(2006)

Timezone
Summer( DST)

EET(UTC+2)
EEST(UTC+3)
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5.2.2 Otherurbansettlements
6 Demographics
6.1 Agestructure
6.2 Medianage
7 Economy
8 Culture
8.1 Woodenchurches
9 Seealso
10 References
11 Externallinks

Postalcode
Areacode
ISO3166code

8890xxx
+38031
UA21

Raions
Cities(total)
Regionalcities
Urbantypesettlements
Villages

13
11
5
19
579

FIPS104

UP25

Website

www.carpathia.gov.ua(ht
tp://www.carpathia.gov.u
a)
www.rada.gov.ua(http://g
ska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/
z7502/A005?rdat1=11.11.
2006&rf7571=10949)

Name
Theoblastisalsoreferredtoasthe
Transcarpathian
Oblast,Transcarpathia,Zakarpattya,orhistoricallyas
SubcarpathianRus.Inotherlanguagestheoblastisnamed:

TheHungarianlanguagehassomeminorityrightsinseven

villagesoftheMukachivskyiRaion.[2]

Rusyn:,translit.
Podkarpatskaoblast.
Hungarian:Krptalja
Czech:PodkarpatskRus
Slovak:Zakarpatskoblas
Polish:Obwdzakarpacki
Romanian:MaramureuldeNordorRegiuneaTranscarpatiapronounced [rediuneasubkarpati.a]
Russian:,translit.Zakarpatskayaoblast

Whilethename
TranscarpathiaisatranslationoftheUkrainianversionofthename,theHungariannametranslatesas
Subcarpathia,followingtheHungarianlanguagelogic"feetofthemountains",namingaterritoryafteritsgeographic
locationatthelowersectionofamountainrange.(Followingthesamelanguagepatternthatappliestothenameofthe
subAlpianterritoryinW
esternHungary
,Alpokalja)[5]
Generally,theTranscarpathianameanditsversionsreflectthe
EastSlaviclanguagelogic,whilesomeW
estern
[6]
languagesfollowthesamelogicastheHungarian:
English:Subcarpathia,SubcarpathianRussia,SubcarpathianRuthenia,SubCarpathianUkraine
French:UkraineSubcarpathique,Russiesubcarpathique
OtherWesternlanguagesfollowtheirownlogicincreatinganamefortheregion:
German:Karpatenrussland,Karpatenland,Karpathenland,KarpathoRussland,Karpatenukraine,
KarpatoUkraine
ThecoatofarmsofZakarpattia
wasoriginallycreatedintheendofthe1910sinthethenCzechoslovakia.

Geography
2(4,942sqmi)andislocatedonsouthwesternslopesand
TheZakarpattiaOblasthasatotalareaof12,800km
[7]Therestoftheregioniscoveredby
foothillsofthe
CarpathianMountains
coveringaround80%ofareaintheregion.
theTranscarpathianLowland
whichispartofthe
Pannonianplain
.ZakarpattiaistheonlyUkrainianoblasttohave
[8]OntheWestitbordersthePreovand
boundarieswithfourcountries:Poland,Slovakia,HungaryandRomania.

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KoiceRegionsofSlovakiaandBorsodAbajZemplnandSzabolcsSzatmrBeregCountiesofHungary
,onthe
SouththeSatuMareandMaramureCountiesofRomania,ontheEastandNortheast
IvanoFrankivskOblast,
andontheNorthLvivOblastandtheSubcarpathianV
oivodeshipofPoland.
TheZakarpattiaOblastmostlyconsistsofmountainsandsmallhillscovered
withdeciduousandconiferousforests,aswellasalpinemeadows.Mountains
coverabout80%oftheoblast'sarea,andcrossfromNorthEasttoSouth
East.[9]ThePrimevalBeechForestsoftheCarpathians
,partofwhichare
locatedwithinZakarpattiaOblast,wererecognizedasa
UNESCOWorld
HeritageSitein2007.[10]

Theforestcovered mountainous
landscapewithintheoblast.

Thelargestriversthatflowthroughtheoblastincludethe
Tysa,Borzhava,and
theTereblia.Ahighaltitudelakeislocatedin
RakhivRaion,whichisthe
highestintheregion.Itiscalled
Nesamovyte .[11]Thelakeislocatedinthe
HoverlapreserveontheslopesofT
urkulmountain.Thelake'sareais3,000
squaremetres(32,000sqft)anditislocated1,750metres(5,740ft)
above

sealevel.

Theregion'sclimateismoderateand
continental[7]withabout7001,000mm(2839in)ofrainfallperyear
.[8]The
averagetemperatureinsummeris+21(70F)and4(25F)inwinter
.[7]Withanelevationof2,061metres
[7]The
(6,762ft)abovesealevel,
Hoverla,partoftheChornohoramountainrange,isthehighestpointintheoblast.
lowestpoint,101m(331ft)above
sealevel,islocatedinthevillageofRuskiHeyevtsi(OroszgejcinHungarian)inthe
UzhhorodskyiRaion
.[9]
Fouroftheoblast'shistoricalculturalsiteswerenominatedforthe
SevenWondersofUkrainecompetitionin2007:
PalanokCastle,MuseumupontheChornaRiver
,MykhailivOrthodoxChurch
,andtheNevytskyCastle.

History
ThelandsofTranscarpathiawerepartofthe
KingdomofHungary
since896.As
such,itformedpartof
AustriaHungary
untilthelatter'sdemiseattheendof
World
WarI.ItapproximatelyconsistsoffourHungariancounties(
comitatus):Bereg,Ung,
UgocsaandMaramaros.Thisregionwasbrieflypartoftheshortlived
West
UkrainianNationalRepublic
in1918.Theregionwasannexedby
Romaniabythe
endofthatyear,mostlytheeasternportionsuchas
RakhivandKhust.Itwaslater
recapturedbyHungarianSovietRepublic
inthesummerof1919.Finally
,underthe
nameSubcarpathianRus(Czech:PodkarpatskRus),aftertheParisPeace
Conferenceof1919itwasannexedtoCzechoslovakiawithasupposedlyequallevel
[12]
ofautonomyasSlovakiaandBohemiaMoraviaCzechSilesia(Czechlands).
Nevertheless,suchautonomywasgrantedaslateasin1938,afterdetrimentalevents
oftheMunichConference
untilthenthislandwasadministereddirectlyfrom
Prague
bythegovernmentappointedprovincialpresidents(
zemtprezidenti)and/orelected
governors(guverni).
Carpathianhighlanders
Theprovincehasauniquefootnoteinhistoryastheonlyregionintheformer
Czechoslovakiatohavehadan
Americangovernor:itsfirstgovernorwas
GregoryZatkovich
,anAmericancitizenwho
hadearlieremigratedfromtheregionandrepresentedtheRusyncommunityintheU.S.Zatkovichwasappointed
governorbyCzechoslovakia'sfirstpresident,
T.G.Masarykin1920,andservedforaboutoneyearuntilheresigned
overdifferencesregardingtheregion'sautonomy
.
DuringtheW
orldWarIIGermanoccupationofCzechoslovakia
,thesouthernpartoftheregionwasawardedto
HungaryundertheFirstViennaAwardin1938.Theremainingportionwasconstitutedasanautonomousregionofthe
shortlivedSecondCzechoslovakRepublic
.AftertheoccupationofBohemiaandMoraviaonMarch15,1939andthe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast

Slovakdeclarationofan
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Slovakdeclarationofan
independentstate,CarpathianRutheniadeclaredits
independenceastheRepublicof
CarpathoUkraine,butwasimmediately
occupiedandlaterannexedbyHungary
.[13]BecauseitonlyexistedonMarch
15th1939thestateisknownas'theonedayrepublic'
ThemajorJewishcommunitiesofthe
regionhadexistedin
Munkachevo,
Ungvar,andKhust.Duringthe
GermanoccupationofHungary
[March1944December1944],
almosttheentireJewishpopulation
wasdeportedfewsurvived
the
Zakarpattia(orange)aspartofthe
Holocaust.[14]InOctober1944the
territoryclaimedbytheWest
SubCarpathianUkrainewas
UkrainianPeople'sRepublic
occupiedbytheRedArmy.InJune
MapofCarpathoUkraine,anentity
(1918)
29,1945,CzechoslovakPresident
thatlastedonlyoneday(March15,
EdvardBenesignedatreatyceding
1939)
theareaandthenextmonthitwasunitedwiththe
UkrainianSSRthroughthe
"ManifestforunificationwiththeSovietUkraine"thatwasacceptedbythe
1stCongressofPeople'sCommitteesofSubCarpathianUkrainewithoutanyknowledgeofcommonpeople.Itwas
[14]AfterthebreakupoftheSovietUnion,itbecamepart
thenannexedintotheUkrainianSSRasZakarpattiaOblast.
ofindependentUkraine.

AfterthefalloftheSovietUnion
in1991,Ukraineheldanindependencereferenduminwhichtheresidentsof
[3]About78%oftheoblast's
ZakarpattiawereaskedabouttheZakarpattiaOblastCouncil'sproposalforselfrule.
populationvotedinfavourofautonomyhowever
,itwasnotgranted.[3]Therewerealsopropositionsofseparating
[15]butafterCzechoslovakia'sdissolution
fromUkrainetorejoinCzechoslovakia,
intotheCzechRepublicandthe
SlovakRepublic(1993),theseideashavebeenrenderedlar
gelymoot.
OnOctober25,2008,delegatestotheCongressofCarpathianRutheniansdeclaredtheformationofthe
Republicof
[16]
CarpathianRuthenia
. TheprosecutorsofficeofZakarpattiaregionhasfiledacaseagainst
RussianOrthodox
Churchpriest[17]DmytroSidorandYevhenZhupan,an
OurUkrainepartydeputyoftheZakarpattiaregionalcouncil
andchairmanofthePeople
sCouncilofRuthenians,onchar
gesofencroachingontheterritorialintegrityand
[18]
inviolabilityofUkraine.

Politics
ZakarpattiaOblast'slocaladministrationiscontrolledbytheZakarpattiaOblastCouncil(
rada).
[19][20])isappointedbythe
Theoblast'sgovernor(currentlyOleksandrLedyda
PresidentofUkraine
.

Administrativedivisions
ZakarpattiaOblastisadministrativelysubdividedinto13
raions(districts),aswellas5cities(
municipalities
)whichare
directlysubordinatetotheoblastgovernment:
Berehove,Chop,Khust,Mukachevo,andtheadministrativecentreof
theoblast,Uzhhorod.Thereareatotalof7cities,19towns,andmorethan579villages.
ZakarpattiaOblastincorporatesfourunof
ficialgeographichistoricregions(counties):
Ung,Bereg,Ugocsaand
[21]
NorthernMaramuresh.ThereisaprojectforareformofthecurrentadministrativedivisionoftheOblast

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Theoblast(region)isdividedinto13raionsandfivecitiesofregional
importanceincludingtheadministrativecentre
Uzhhorod.Administrative
centresofraionsmaybelocatedwithinacityofregionalimportance,
whilesuchcityisnottechnicallyapartoftheraion.Acityofregional
significancemayconsistsofanindividualpopulatedplaceorbecomplex
ofseveralsettlements(thecityproperandsuburbs)whicharegoverned
byownradas(councils).
Furthereachraiondividedintoradas(councils).Citiesandtowns(urban
typesettlements)allhaveownindividualcouncils,whilevillagesand
ruralsettlementsmaybeformedintomultiplesettlementscouncilsoran
RaionsandcitiesofZakarpattiaOblast.
individualvillagecouncil.Allcitiesareeitherofregionalimportanceorof
districtimportance.

Raions
Thereare13raions(districts)intheoblast:
1.BerehoveRaion(54,062)
w/oBerehovecity
2.IrshavaRaion(100,905)
3.KhustRaion(96,960)w/o
Khustcity
4.MizhhiriaRaion
(49,890)
5.MukachevoRaion
(101.443)w/oMukacheve
city
6.PerechynRaion(32,026)
7.RakhivRaion(90,945)

8.SvaliavaRaion
(54,869)
9.TiachivRaion
(171,850)
10.UzhhorodRaion(74,399)
w/oUzhhorodcityand
Chopcity
11.VelykyyBereznyiRaion
(28,211)
12.VolovetsRaion(25,474)
13.VynohradivRaion
(117,957)

HistoricalregionsinZakarpattiaOblast:
Ung

Ugocsa

Bereg

NorthernMaramuresh

Urbansettlements
Citiesofregionalsignificance
Uzhhorod(116,400)
Mukachevo(93,738)
Khust(31,083)
Berehove(Beregszsz)(24,274)
Chop(Csap)(8,436)
Otherurbansettlements
Vynohradiv(Nagyszls)
(27,600)
Rakhiv(Rah)(17,000)
Svaliava(16,217)
Tiachiv(Tcs)(9,256)

Mizhhiria
(9,133)
Irshava(9,000)
VelykyyBychkiv
(8,920)
Solotvyno(Slatina,
Aknaszlatina)(8,774)

Dubove(8,745)
VelykiLuchky(8,540)
Ilnytsia(8,420)
Bushtyno(8,091)

Demographics

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Accordingtothe2001UkrainianCensus
,thepopulationofZakarpattia
[22]
Oblastis1,254,614. Thecurrentestimatedpopulationis
1,259,158(2016est.)[23].Withthecomparisonofthelastof
ficialSoviet
Censusof1989thetotalpopulationgrewby0.7%.
AlthoughUkrainians,includingethnicRusyns(1%),areinthemajority
(80.5%),[24]otherethnicgroupsarerelativelynumerousinZakarpattia.
ThelargestoftheseareHungarians(12.1%),Romanians(2.6%),
Russians(2.5%),Roma(1.1%),Slovaks(0.5%)andGermans
(0.3%).[24]TheUkrainiangovernmentdoesnotrecognizethe
Rusyn
peoplelivinginthatcountryasadistinctnationalitybutratherasan
ethnicsubgroupofUkrainians.About10,100people(0.8%)identify
[25]
themselvesasRusynsaccordingtothelastcensus.

EthnicmapofZakarpattiaOblastin2001.
Ukrainians(incl.Rusyns)
Hungarians
Romanians

Outof1,010,100Ukrainiansintheregion,99.2%(~1,002,019)
identifiedtheirnativelanguageasUkrainian,whileabout0.5%(~5,051) mixedUkrainians(incl.Rusyns)and
Russians
considertheirnativelanguagetobeRussian.Outof151,500
Note:TheRomaarenotrepresentedinthe
Hungarians,97.1%(~147,107)considertheirnativelanguagetobe
Hungarian,whileabout2.6%(~3,939)considertheirnativelanguageto map.
beUkrainian.Outof32,100Romanians,99.1%(31,81
1)identified
theirnativelanguagetobeRomanian,while0.6%(~193)considertheir
languageUkrainian.Outof31,000Russians,91.6%(28,396)identified
theirnativelanguageasRussian,while8.1%(~2,51
1)considertheir
languageUkrainian.Outof14,000Romanipeoplesonly20.7%(2,898)
identifytheirnativelanguageasRomani,while62.9%(~8,806)consider
theirlanguageUkrainianorRussian.Outof5,600Slovaks43.9%
(2,458)identifytheirnativelanguageasSlovak,while42.1%(~2,358)
considertheirlanguageUkrainian.Outof3,500Germans,50.0%
(1,750)acknowledgetheirnativelanguage,while38.9%(~1,362)
considertheirlanguageUkrainian.About81%oftheoblastpopulation
considerstheUkrainianlanguage
theirnativelanguage,while12.7%of
populationgivesconsiderationtothe
Hungarianlanguage
andjustover
LanguagesofZakarpattiaOblastin2001.
5%considerseitherthe
RussianorRomanianlanguages
.
Thelargestdenominationisthe
RuthenianCatholicChurch
theoblast'sterritoryformsthechurch's
Eparchyof
Mukachevowith380,000faithful,ithasasolidmajorityoftheoblast'schurchgoers.Othersmallergroupsinclude
RomanCatholics,Protestants,andOrthodox,whicharelar
gelyassociatedwithminoritygroupsRomanCatholicsand
ProtestantstendtobeHungarianorlocalRuthenian,whiletheEasternOrthodoxareusuallyRomanians,Russiansor
Ukrainiansfromfurthereast.
Nationality

Number in2001(%) in1989(%) growth(%)

Ukrainians(incl.Rusyns) 1,010,100 80.5

78.4

+3.4%

Hungarians

151,500

12.1

12.5

2.7%

Romanians

32,100

2.6

2.4

+9.0%

Russians

31,000

2.5

4.0

37.3%

Roma

14,000

1.1

1.0

+15.4%

Slovaks

5,600

0.5

0.6

22.3%

Germans

3,500

0.3

0.3

+3.0%

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Year Fertility Birth Year Fertility Birth Year Fertility Birth

1990

2,2

21
2000
251

1,5

14
2010
481

1,9

18
301

1991

2,2

21
2001
059

1,4

13
2011
699

1,9

18
460

1992

2,2

20
2002
559

1,5

14
207

1993

2,0

19
2003
264

1,5

14
747

1994

1,9

17
2004
725

1,5

15
472

1995

1,8

17
2005
320

1,6

15
750

1996

1,7

16
2006
473

1,7

16
530

1997

1,6

15
2007
708

1,7

16
833

Theirlanguagesandculturearerespectedbytheprovisionofeducation,clubs,etc.intheirrespectivelanguages.Thos
whorecognizeUkrainianastheirnativelanguagetotal81.0%ofthepopulation,
Hungarian12.7%,Russian
[22]
[26]
2.9%,Romanian2.6%, andRusyn0.5% Residentsinsevenof
MukachivskyiRaion
'svillageshavethe
[2]
optiontolearntheHungarianlanguageinaschoolorhomeschoolenvironment.

Zakarpattiaishometoapproximately14,000ethnic
Roma(Gypsies),thehighestproportionofRomainanyoblastin
Ukraine.ThefirstHungarianCollegeinUkraineisinBerehovo,the
II.RkocziFerencCollege
.
Besidethemajorethnicgroups,ZakarpattiaishometoseveralUkrainianethnicsubgroupssuchas
Boykos,Lemky,
Hutsuls,andothers.

Agestructure
014years:19.1% (male123,009/female1
16,213)
1564years:69.8% (male428,295/female445,417)
65yearsandover:11.1% (male48,826/female89,800)(2013of
ficial)

Medianage
total:35.1years
male:33.2years
female:37.1years (2013official)

Economy

SituatedintheCarpathianMountains,ZakarpattiaOblast'seconomydependsmostlyontransbordertrade,vineryand
forestry.Theoblastisalsohometoa
specialeconomiczone
.[27][28]
Theoblast'smainindustryincludeswoodworking.Otherindustriesincludefood,lightindustry
,andmechanical
engineering.Thefoodstuf
fssegmentinthestructureofwareproductionofnationalconsumptionis45%.Thetotal
numberoflargeindustrialor
ganisationsis319,comparedto733smallindustrialor
ganisations.[8]
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Themostcommoncropsgrownwithintheregionincludecereals,
potatoesandothervegetables.In1999,thetotalamountofgrain
producedwas175,800tons,ofsunflowerseeds1,300tons,and
potatoes378,200tons.[8]Theregionalsoproduced76,100tonsof
[8]Thetotalamount
meat,363,400tonsofmilkand241,900,000eggs.
[8]
ofregisteredfarmsintheregionwas1,400in1999.

Culture
Woodenchurches

Asaltmineinthetownof Solotvyno.

SredneVodyanechurches
VerkhnyeVodyanechurch
Danylovochurch
Kolodnechurch
Krainykovochurch
NyzhnieSelyshchechurch
Oleksandrivkachurch
Sokyrnytsiachurch

Seealso
CarpathianRuthenia
,smallhistoricalregion
CarpathoUkraine,ashortlivedUkrainianstateontheterritory
RutheniansandUkrainiansinCzechoslovakia
MuseumofFolkArchitectureandLife
,museumdisplayingZakarpattia
architecture

ChurchinKolodne.

References
Notes
1.PoroshenkoappointsvolunteerHeorhiyTukaheadofLuhanskRegionalStateAdministratio
n(http://uatoday.tv/news/po
roshenkoappointsvolunteerheorhiytukaheadofluhanskregionalstateadministration460823.html)
,UkraineToday
(22July2015)
2."MukachivskyiRaion:Socialdata"
.ZakarpattiaOblastAdministration.Retrieved20070602.
3.Magocsi,PaulRobert(2007).Ukraine:AnIllustratedHistory.Seattle:UniversityofWashingtonPress.ISBN0295
987235.
4.Kuzio,Taras."TheRusynQuestioninUkraine:sortingoutfactfromfiction".
CanadianReviewofStudiesin
Nationalism.XXXII(2005).
5."Thename"Krptalja",asitappearsonthecoverofthejournaloftheT
ranscarpathiansectionoftheHungarian
Writers'Union"(PDF).Retrieved20140302.
6."ChristianPischlger:KrptaljavagyKrptontl?CollegeofNyregyhza"
(PDF).Retrieved20140302.
7."Geography".ZakarpattiaOblastCouncil(inUkrainian).Retrieved20071118.
8."ZakarpattyaRegion".CabinetofMinistersofUkraine.Retrieved20070601.
9."Transcarpathiaismyregion".AllZakarpattya.Retrieved20070601.
10."PrimevalBeechForestsoftheCarpathians"
.UNESCOWorldHeritageCentre.Retrieved20070704.
11.NesamovyteLakeprofile(http://www.nedaleko.com.ua/sight/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D
0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5.ru)
(Russian)
12.Subtelny,Orest(2000).Ukraine:AHistory.UniversityofTorontoPress.p.448. ISBN0802083900.
13.Subtelny,p.458
14."Historyoftheregion".AllZakarpattya.Retrieved20070601.
15.Subtelny,p.578
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ZakarpattiaOblastWikipedia

16."SvobodaPartyCallsOnSBUT
oLaunchCriminalCaseAgainstDelegatesT
oCongressOfCarpathianRutheniansFor
DeclaringCarpathianRutheniaRepublic"
.Retrieved20081106.
17.IsYushchenkosTopAideBackingRuthenianSeparatistMovement?
(http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&
tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=34084),TheJamestownFoundation,5November2008
18."ProsecutorsFileCaseAgainstPeopleWhoInitiatedProclamationOfCarpathianRuthenianRepublicOnSeparatism
Charges".Retrieved20081106.(brokenlink)
19.ThegoverningbodyoftheRegionalStateAdministration
(http://www.carpathia.gov.ua/en/35.htm),ZakarpattiaOblast
officialwebsite
20.Presidentappoints14regionalgovernors(http://www.interfax.com.ua/eng/main/34467),InterfaxUkraine(March18,
2010)
21.Admin.div.reform(http://www.zakarpatrada.gov.ua/proekt_reform.php)(Ukrainian)
22."RegionsofUkraine/Zakarpattiaregion"
.2001UkrainianCensus.Retrieved20070601.
23."(ActualpopulationofUkraine)"
(PDF)(inUkrainian).StateStatistics
ServiceofUkraine.Retrieved19July2016.
24."Generalresultsofthecensus/Nationalcompositionofpopulation/Zakarpattiaregion"
.2001UkrainianCensus.
Retrieved20130128.
25."Generalresultsofthecensus/Nationalcompositionofpopulation/Zakarpattiaregion"
.2001UkrainianCensus(in
Ukrainian).Retrieved20070603.
26."RegionsofUkraine/Resultsofthecensus".2001UkrainianCensus(inUkrainian).Retrieved20070603.
27."HistoryoftheRegion".WorldGazetteer.Retrieved20070601.
28.LawsofUkraine(http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/).VerkhovnaRadalawNo.2322III:Ontheofficialeconomiczoneof
"Zakarpattia"(http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgibin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=232214).Adoptedon20040331.(Ukrainian)

Externallinks
carpathia.gov.ua(http://www.carpathia.gov.ua/)Officialwebsiteof
ZakarpattiaOblastAdministration
(Ukrainian) /(English)
ZakarpattiaCouncilofficialsite(http://www.zakarpatrada.gov.ua/)
(Ukrainian)

WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoZakarpattia
Oblast.

Zaholovok(http://www.zaholovok.com.ua/)Zakarpattiaactual
news(Ukrainian)
Zakarpattiaessays(http://5ka.at.ua/load/inozemni_movi/22)
AllaboutZakarpattiaandUkraine
VerkhovnaRadawebsite(http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=1
1.11.2006&rf7571=10949)
ZakarpattiaOblastdata
PhotosandinfrastructureobjectsofZakarpattiaoninteractivemap(UkrainianNavigationalPortal)
(http://48x24.com/h
ome/go?lat=48.62120&lng=22.29710&zoom=13)
NewsfromZakarpattia(http://www.zakarpattia.ru)(Ukrainian)
all.zakarpattya.net(http://all.zakarpattya.net/eng/begin.html)
AllaboutZakarpattia(English) /(Ukrainian)
mukachevo.net(http://www.mukachevo.net/)ZakarpattiaOblastinformationalportal
(Ukrainian)
map.meta.ua(http://map.meta.ua/?map=zakarpat_region&l=ua)
DigitalmapofZakarpattiaOblast
(Ukrainian)
ZakarpattiaOblastphotographs(http://karpaty.prygl.net/ukrajina.php)
Dictionaryoftranscarpathianwords(http://words.eugenehome.kiev.ua/)(Ukrainian)

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