Solutions

1
A)

People speak and write in different ways on different occasions. There are, however,
some words and structures which are mainly used in formal situations for example
report writing, business meetings, conferences, polite conversations etc.
There are also some words and expressions which are mainly used in informal situations
conversations with friends etc.
In writing, we almost always use formal words and expressions. Speech, on the other hand, is
often more informal.
Grammar
Some grammatical structures have two forms formal and informal.
For example, in informal speech and writing we use contracted auxiliary verbs and negatives.
Formal: It is working.
Informal: Its working.
Informal: Hes gone.
Formal: He has gone.
Prepositions
In informal language prepositions often come at the end of certain structures.
Formal: To which nation does he belong?
Informal: Which nation does he belong to?
Some determiners are followed by singular verbs in formal language and plural verbs in informal
language.
Formal: Neither of us likes him.
Informal: Neither of us like him.
Some pronouns have different forms in formal and informal language.
Formal: Whom did they elect?
Informal: Who did they elect?
In informal language we often leave out words.
Formal: She said that she would come.
Informal: She said she would come.
Formal: Have you seen Annie?
Informal: Seen Annie?
Vocabulary
Some words are mainly used in informal situations. In formal situations other words or
expressions are used.
Informal
Formal
Fix
Repair
Begin / start
commence
Thanks
Thank you
What? / Pardon? / Sorry?
I beg your pardon?

B)
2 KEYS FOR ENDING A CONVERSATION IN ENGLISH

1. SMILE! Be friendly when ending the conversation, so the other person knows you enjoyed
the conversation and doesnt think youre ending the conversation because youre annoyed.
2. Make a positive comment, then say you need to go, or give a reason for ending the
conversation.
ENDING AN INFORMAL CONVERSATION:
Conversation 1:
Hey, it was nice talking to you, but I need to go.
OK, no problem. Have a good one!
You too bye!
Ive gotta run is an informal expression to say I need to go.
Conversation 2:
Well, Id love to keep chatting, but I have to leave my yoga class starts in an hour.
Oh, enjoy your class!
Thanks! See you later.
head out means leave or go
C)

Lets say that youve said/done something, publicly or privately, that has genuinely upset
someone (or more than one someone).
Are you actually sorry? If the answer is no, then you shouldnt apologize, because
your apology will be totally insincere. An insincere apology is worse than no apology at
all; not only is it obvious that youre not sorry for the original act, but the fake apology
suggests that you think people are stupid enough to believe a fake apology.

D)
With friends
With relatives.

E)
We're very pleased to receive an invitation to your dinner party Friday at 7:30 p.m. Please let us
know if we might bring something. Jane and I always enjoy being in your home. We are looking
forward to it!
F)
'Excuse me for interrupting, but who asked you to do this? I'm the Customer Service Manager
and I wasn't aware that this was taking place.'
G) Business calls have agendas. When closing a call, refer back to the agenda and review
it. Check to ensure all agenda items have been addressed, not only to your satisfaction but to the
satisfaction of the other party.

At the end of the process of reviewing the agenda and ensuring there are no further open action
items, you'll have reached a natural closing point.
You can then initiate the end-of-call handshake quite politely, since the stated objectives have
been reached:
Thank you for your time today. We've achieved our goal(s) of _____ so I won't take any more of
your time. Please don't hesitate to reach out to me if you have further questions or concerns.
They'll naturally reply with a return thank-you in most cases, and end the call, or you can do so
then, with a polite and final "goodbye."

H)
Indirect: You lay out your reasons for disagreement within the bounds of a complex game of
politeness. You mention common ground, point to the parts of their argument you liked, talk
about how much you admire and respect them, etc. You acknowledge that any misrepresentation
of facts on their part may have been wholly accidental, and acknowledge that you yourself could
be wrong.
Direct: You straight up say No, youre wrong. You lay out your arguments without any
attempt to insulate the other person from apparent shame. Double points if you do this in front of
a group of people who know the person youre disagreeing with. This is a situation where
disagreement isnt actually about disagreement - its about signalling. Its a status contest in
which the goal is to make your opponent look stupid and, in direct proportion, make yourself
look smart. You need not actually disagree with the other person to do this - the point is to argue
eloquently enough to master them.
And then I wound up on the nerdy, argumentative parts of the internet, and found that they
tended to treat the second and third styles interchangeably. I found/find this super aversive,
because it meant nothing good in meat-space, but I decided to put up with it. Who am I to judge
American cultural norms?
I)
Keep these four tips in mind as you write your letter:

Be prompt: As soon as youve made your decision, call the hiring manager and write your
letter declining the offer. The company will need to offer the position to someone else, and
you dont want to hold up the process.
Be courteous: You may be turning down this position, but you might want to be considered for
future opportunities. Savvy job seekers use every possible chance to network, so thank all the
people you interviewed with and wish them and their company continued success.
Be diplomatic: If youve received another, more generous offer, avoid mentioning the details
of the position youre accepting. Let the hiring manager know that you were impressed by the

company and carefully considered the offer, but you are accepting a position that better suits
your career objectives.
Be concise: This is not the place to tout your credentials and career accomplishments. The
company already realizes your value, so keep your letter short and sweet.
Heres a sample letter declining a job offer:
Nov. 17, 2011
Catherine Harper
Operations Manager
ABC Company
50 Corporate Plaza
Sometown, ST 00000
Dear Ms. Harper:
Thank you very much for offering me the assistant manager position. After careful consideration,
I regret that I must decline your offer. Although you were most encouraging in outlining future
advancement possibilities within ABC Company, I have accepted another opportunity that is
more in line with my skills and career goals.
I enjoyed meeting you and the rest of your team. You have been most kind and gracious
throughout the interview process, and I only wish that circumstances allowed me to accept your
offer.
Best wishes for your continued success.
Sincerely,
Tom Greenwood
J)
You use one of two methods to delay the answer
1. The Delay Method
This method is used to tell the customer you hear their request, however, you need more
time to determine the right fit or correct solution combination to give them an accurate
price. You have many options or variables and you need more information before quoting
a price.
Now if the customer is fine with this answer get started immediately asking more
questions to uncover issues and their consequences prior to any price discussions.
Remember your goal is to have the customer self-discover the costs associated with their
issues and the costs of no action or change.

If the customer states they dont have time and want the price now move to the next
method rather than giving a definite quote.
2. The Range Method
Here you are actually leaving yourself some wiggle room with your initial price quotes
by using a range of possible pricing. Using the position of the price (I like to use the word
investment) will range between a low of $ XY to a high side of $XYZZ. The exact
pricing will depend upon the exact combination we put together for you.
The critical key for you when using this method is to ALWAYS quote the minimum or
walk away number on the bottom or low side of the range. Think of this as the minimum
check for you to do business with this type of customer. Why? Because buyers have
selective listening and will zero in on the low side number. It is almost like they didnt
hear anything except the low number of the range and start using this number as the
comparison number to all other offerings.
The second critical issue for you is to have some numbers in mind when you get to the
prospective customer meeting. No guessing or winging it here or you will get burned as
the sales process moves forward. Think through the possible solutions for this customer
using your experience or discussing with other top b2b sales people on your team for
pricing ideas or guidelines.

2)
i) am going
ii) studied
III) was taking
iv) Went
V) will be arriving
3)
I) must
II) may go
iii) ought to
iv) may
v) Can

4)
Independence Day
Independence Day is celebrated by the people of India every year on 15th of August as a National
Holiday to commemorate the independence of India from the Kingdom of Great Britain on 15th of
August in 1947. At this day, people of India pay heartily homage to the great leaders in the
leadership of whom India became free forever. At this day, people celebrate in their own way by
buying tricolour Flag, watching movies based on freedom fighters, listening patriotic songs,
bonding with family and friends, participating in special contests, programs, and articles organized
by the broadcast, print and online media to promote the awareness about day.

Jawaharlal Nehru became our first Prime Minister after the independence of India on 17th of
August 1947 who raised the Flag at Lahore Gate of Red Fort in Delhi and given a speech. This
phenomenon is followed by the other subsequent Prime Ministers of India where flag hoisting
ceremonies, parades, march past, salute by 21 guns and other cultural events are organized. Other
people celebrate this day by raising national flag on their clothes, homes or vehicles. On the
midnight of 15th August in 1947, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had announced the independence of
India by reading out his speech on Tryst with destiny. He said that after long years of slavery, it
is the time when we will redeem our pledge with the end of our ill fortune.
India is a country where millions of people live together whether they belong to various religion,
cultures or traditions and celebrate this special occasion with great joy. At this day, as being an
Indian, we should feel proud and must take an oath to keep ourselves loyal and patriotic in order
to save our motherland from any type of attack or humiliation by other countries.

Internet Essay
In the modern time, internet has become is one of the most powerful and interesting tools all across
the world. The Internet is a network of networks and collection of many services and resources
which benefits us in various ways. Using internet we can access World Wide Web from any place.
It provides bulk of facilities to us such as E-mail, surfing search engines, connecting to celebrities
using social media websites, accessing web portals, opening informative websites, being up-todate, video chatting and many more. It has become best ever friend of everyones. Now a day,
almost everyone is using internet connection for many purposes. However, we should know all the
disadvantages and advantages of using internet in our life.
Internet availability is very useful for the students however it is a big concern too for them as they
can access some bad websites secretly from their parents which is very harmful to their whole life.
Most of the parents realize this type of danger however some not and use internet openly. So,
children should use internet facility under the proper guidance of their parents.
We can use security system by using username and password to prevent others to access our
precious online data. Internet allow us to use any application programmes supporting instant
messaging to send quick messages to friends, parents or teachers. However, in some other
countries (North Korea, Myanmar, etc) it is totally prohibited to use internet as they think that it is
bad thing for them. Sometimes, internet can harm our computer as downloading anything directly
from the internet websites may bring some viruses, adware, malware, spyware or other bad
programmes to our computer which can disturb or destroy the computer functioning. Sometimes,
hackers can hack our secret computer information using internet without our knowledge even after
password security.

5)
Letter to friend
15th May 2004
Winy Angaya
Physical address: Nairobi, Kenya
P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi
Dear Jane
I hope this letter has reached you well. I hope that you are at your best and doing well. Am sorry
to hear that you were hospitalized, you are very lucky to be awake and breathing now. I know it
might be difficult to adapt to the change in health state but thank the lord you are still with us.
My family says high and wishes you a quick recovery; we will visit next weekend if you will still
be admitted at the hospital.
Hope to see you soon and take care of yourself.
Stay in touch my dear and please reply.
Love
Abdullah Adil
Letter to post office
Neeraj House
Near rest house
Hatta (M.P.)
February 21, 2014
To
The Post Master
General Post Office
Hatta (T.S.)

Subject: Regarding Complaint against postman

Respected Sir,
I would like to draw your kind attention on the fact that the postman of our area is very irregular
in his duties. He does not deliver the letters regularly and properly. He throws the letters
carelessly. He gives our letters to the wrong persons. Sometimes he misbehaves the people.
People face many difficulties because of his misbehavior. A student missed to go in his interview
because he got his interview call after the date of the interview.
Hence I request you to take necessary actions against the postman so that people may get proper
and good services.
Thanking you in anticipation
Yours Faithfully
Abdullah Adil