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x = sin
x, hence
limx0 (1 - cos x) / x
= limx0 [ (sin
x) / x ] *[ 1/ (1 + cos x) ]
Example 4:
Find the limit limx-3 sin (x + 3) / (x
+7x + 12)
Solution to Example 4:
If we apply the theorem of the limit of the quotient of two
functions, we will get the indeterminate form 0 / 0. We need to
find another way. For x = -3, the denominator is equal to zero
and therefore may be factorized, hence
limx-3 sin (x + 3) / (x
+7x + 12)
+7x + 12)
= limt0 sin t / [ t (t + 1) ]
We now apply the theorem of the limit of the product of two
functions.
= limt0 sin t / t * limt0 1 / (t + 1)
= (1)*(1) = 1
Example 5: Find the limit limx0 sin | x | / x
Solution to Example 5:
We shall find the limit as x approaches 0 from the left and as x
approaches 0 from the right. For x < 0, | x | = -x
limx0
= limx0
sin | x | / x
-
= - limx0
sin (- x ) / x
-
sin ( x ) / x
= -1
For x > 0, | x | = x
limx0
= limx0
sin | x | / x
+
sin x / x
= 1
The two limits from the left and from the right are different,
therefore the above limit does not exist.
limx0 sin | x | / x does not exist
Example 6: Find the limit limx0 x / tan x
Solution to Example 6:
limx0 x / tan x
= limx0 x / (sin x / cos x)
= limx0 x cos x / sin x
= limx0 cos x / (sin x / x)
We now use the theorem of the limit of the quotient.
= [ limx0 cos x ] / [ limx0 sin x / x ] = 1 / 1 = 1
Example 7: Find the limit limx0 x csc x
Solution to Example 7:
We first use the trigonometric identity csc x = 1 / sin x
limx0 x csc x
= limx0 x / sin x
= limx0 1 / (sin x / x)
The limit of the quotient is used.
= 1 / 1 = 1