11

1
2 E=F/q q
3
1 ,
12

13

1
2
3 E
4 E
5
6
7
1
14

2 34567

15 A B S A
1S B
2S B
3 S
1

1.6 R r ab

1.7

S1S2S3 S4 L S1

E 1 S2S3 S4 E 2 3 4
E=0 E =

E E =

q
4 0 r 2
q

4 0 r 2

1.8 S1S2 E1E2E3 q1q2q3

1 E1 d s =
s1

q1

4 ( E1 + E2 ) d s =
s1

2 E3 d s =
s2

(q1 + q2 )

s1

3 ( E3 + E2 ) d s =
s1

5 ( E1 + E2 + E3 ) d s =

6 ( E1 + E2 + E3 ) d s =

q3

s2

q2

(q3 + q2 )

(q1 + q3 + q2 )

1 2 3456

1.9

1.10


F = qE F = M a a =

1.11
1
2
3 A B A B
4
5
u
1 E = n
n
2

3E U
U
4E=0
=0 U 0
n
U
5U=0
0
n
1.12 R1 R2=2R1 q1>0 q2

U1 =

q1

4 0 R1

R2

q2
4 0 2 R1

U1 = E1dr + E2 dr =
R1

R2

2 R1

R1

q1

4 0 r

dr +
2

2 R1

q1 + q2
dr
4 0 r 2

q2
) > 0 q2 > 2q1
2
q
U1 = 0 (q1 + 2 ) = 0 q2 = 2q1
2
q2
U1 < 0 (q1 + ) < 0 q2 < 2q1
2
1.13
U1 > 0 (q1 +

E 0 U ab = Edl = 0 U a = U b
a

U
=0
n
1.14 S
U=0 E =

 S S
s
s s

1.2.1 4 5.0 10-2 m

1.6N
1
2 0.1m
q1 q2 = 4q1 F =

1.6 =

1 q1q2

4 0 r 2

4q12
4 0 (5 102 ) 2
1

q1 = 0.33 106

q2 = 4q1 = 1.33 106

r=0.1

F=

q1q2
=0.4N
4 0 (0.1) 2
1

1.2.2 Q

q Q-q
q(Q q )
f = k

r2

df
=0
dq

k
[ Q 2q ] = 0
r2

1
q= Q
2
1.2.3 L 2q q
Q = 2q

q q r q 2q ( L r ) r 0

qq
2qq
=k
2
r
( L r )2

r = ( 2 1) L

1.2.4 0m0.1m0m-0.1m q=10-10C

0.2m0m Q=10-8C Q
1.2.4

f = 2k

Qq
0.2
i
= 3.22 107 ( N )
2
2
2
0.1 + 0.2
0.1 + 0.2
2

1.2.5 q
1
2 Q Q q
1 O E=0 O 0
2 O Q

f1 = f 2 =

F=

1 qQ
4 0 a 2

f3 =

1
4 0

q2
2a

qQ

2
4 0 1

2
a

q 0
1

qQ

2
4 0 1

2a

2 q2
1 q2
0
cos
45
+
4 0 a 2
4 0 2a 2

1
2
)q
Q = ( +
4 2

1.2.6 2a q0 q0

f = 2k

2kqqr
qq
r
= 2 2 3
2
(a + r ) (a 2 + r 2 ) (a + r ) 2
2

df
=0
dr

3 2 2 12
2 2 32

( a + r ) r 2 ( a + r ) i 2r
2kqq
=0
2
2 3
+
(
a
r
)

(a 2 + r 2 ) 2 3r 2 (a 2 + r 2 ) 2 = 0
3

a 2 = 2r 2

r =

2
a
2

a
y +z =

1.3.1 50cm 1cm

P v0=107m/s

eE = m0 a

1
d
y = at 2 =
2
2

x = v0t

(y =

md v0
E=

e x

d
2

x = L)

1.3.2 0.2g
6 10-9 C 600

eE cos 300 = mg cos 600

Eq = T cos 600
E =

1.3.3

mg = T cos 300

mg
tg 300
e

5 103 N/C 107 m/s

300

1
2

f = ma = eE

1
y = v0 sin 300 t at 2
2

v y = v0 sin 300 at

vy = 0

0 = v0 sin 300 at
v0 sin 300
t=
a

21

v sin 300 1 v0 sin 300

y = v0 sin 30 0
a

2
a
a

1 1
= v0 2 sin 2 300 ( )
a 2a
1
= v0 2 sin 2 300 ( )
2a
= v0 2 sin 2 300

1
2 Ee

mv02
8 Ee

2
1 eE 2
y=0 v0 sin 300
t =0
2 m
t =

2mv0 sin 300

eE

x = v0 cos 300 t =

3mv02
2eE

1.3.4
E E
1.64 10-4 cm E= 1.92 105 N/C

1 0.851g/cm3
2 e
1
2 mg = qE

q=

mg 4 R 3 g
=
= 8.02 1019
3E
E

q1=4.0uc q2=8.0uc 10cm 10cm E

1.3.5

qq
Kq Kq
E 2 = 2 2 + 21 + 2k 2 1 4 2 cos 600
a
a a

E = 9.52 106 N q1q 21010

C
1.3.6 R q
1 O x E
2
3 Ex
1 dE =

1 dq
4 0 r 2

dq =

q
2 R

dl

r 2 = x2 + R2
E = 0

E = Ex = dEx = dE cos =
=

xdl

4 0 2 R ( x 2 + R 2 )

qx

4 0 ( x 2 + R 2 )

2
dE
3 x = 0
dx
3
1
3 2
2
2 2
2 2
x
R
2
xx
x
R
+

+
(
)
(
)

q
2

=0
3
2
2
4 0
x
R
+
(
)

=
2

qx

4 0 2 R ( x 2 + R 2 )

2 R

dl

 x =

R
= 0.7 R
2

E=

qR
2

4 0 R 2

+ R2

1.3.7 L
1 R
2 L E =

2 0 R 2

3 R>>L
1 dE =

ndx
4 0 x + R 2

E = dE sin = 2

=2

nR
4 0

4 0

E=

1.3.8

n
4 0

4 0

ndx
R

2
2
x +R
x + R2
2

dx
3
( x + R2 ) 2
L

L2
+ R
4

2 L

3 R

E=

n
4 0

RL

1 R
+
4 L2

n
2 0 R

L
L

R2

L2
+1
4R2

nL
q
=
2
4 0 R
4 0 R 2

a
b

R O E

Ex =

( sin 2 sin 1 )
4 0

Ey =

( cos 1 cos 2 )
4 0

1 = 00

2 =

Ex =

4 0 R

Ey =

4 0 R

Ex =

4 0 R

Ey =

4 0 R

1 =

2 =

1 dE =

Rd
4 0 R 2

Ex = dEx = dE sin = 2
0

E y = dE y = dE sin = 2
0

E0 = 2

sin d =
[ cos ]02
2
4 0 R
4 0 R

2
cos

=
sin

d
[
]
0
4 0 R 2
4 0 R

4 0 R

450
2b E A EB
x
E = 2 Ex =

E = Ex =

2 0 R

R
4 0 R 2

sin d =

2 0 R

x
E0 = 0

1.3.9 = 0 cos

E =

2 0 R

= Rd 1 0 cos

dE =

R 0 cos d
2 0 R

Ex = dEx =

R 0 cos 2

d = 0
2 0 R
2 0

sin 2
2 + 4 = 2
0
0

E y = dE y =

R 0 cos sin

d = 0
2 0
2 0

cos1+1
1 + 1 = 0

1.4.1 a=10cm Ex = bx

E y = Ez = 0 b=800N/(C m 2 )
1

1 E
2
1 Ex S1 S2
5

1 = Ex1 S1 = ba 2 a 2 = ba 2
1

2 = Ex2 S2 = b(2a) 2 a 2 = 2ba 2

1

2
= ba
2-1

E dS =

2
q = 0 = 0 a
2-1
5

E
1.4.2 E R

= ES = E R 2

1 = ES = E R 2

S1 S2
0
2 + 1 =

2 = 1 = 1 = E R 2

S3 S1

0
3 + 1 =

3 = 1 = 1 = E R 2

1.4.3

1.3.7 2

E id s =

0 + 0 + E i2 rh =

E=

E id s + E id s + E id s =
s

h
0

2 0 r

1.4.4 R Er

r<R E d s =
r>R

E ds =

E = 0

E d s + E d s + E d s =
s

0 + 0 + E 2 rh =

E=

2 R

h
0

h R R
=
2 0 rh 0 r

1.4.5 d E

r <

E id s =

E id s + E id s + E id s =
s

s i 2r

s i 2r

E s+E s+0 =

E=

s i 2r r
=
2 0 s
0

r >

E s+E s =

E=

sid

d
2 0

1.4.6 = 0 (1 r R) R 0 r

1 r

2r Emax=

E id s =

0
E i4 a 2 =

r<R

dr =

dr
0

r 2

1 r dr sin d d
R

a
r
= 0 d sin d 1 r 2 dr
0
0
o
R

3
3
4
ar
a 2

= 0 i2 i r dr dr = 40 a a
o R
o

3 4R

dr =
E=

r>R

4 a 2 0

a a 2 a 0 3a
1

=
0 3 4 R 3 0 4 R
0

E i4 r 2 =

E=

q
4 r 2 0

q = dr = 0 1 r 2 dr sin d d
R

a
r
= 0 d sin d 1 r 2 dr
0
0
o
R

3
ar
a 2

= 0 i2 i r dr dr
o R
o

a3 a 4
= 4 0

3 4R

E =

4 0 4 R 3 3R 3 0 R 3

=
2
4 0 r 2
12
12 0 r
dE
dr

3 0

2 r
=0
4R

2R
3
2 2

0 2 R 3 3 R
=

3 0 3
4R

r=

Emax

=0

r r 2

=0
3 0 4 R

2
3 1- 2R = 0 R
=
3 0
4R
9 0

0 R

Emax

1.4.7 1 2

1
2
a 1 = 2 b 1 = 2
E =
E = Ei
E =

E =

=
2 0 2 0
0

=0
2 0 2 0

n
2 0

E =

+
=
2 0 2 0 0

1.4.8 o a b

1 c o o

2 o o M P EM EP
ec c rMrP
MP o
r o
o o

E =

r
3 0

E00 = 0

E =

q
4 0 r 2

E1l1 = E2l2

E1 l2 r2 r2
= =
=
E2 l1 r1 r1
4

E0 p

R3
r0 p
=
r E 0 m = 3 2 r
4 0 r0 m
3 0

E00 = 0

E 0 0

r
= 00 r
3 0

E 0 p =

4
3

r3
4 0 r02 p

r E 0 m =

4
3

r3
4 0 r02 m

E = Ei
i

E 0 = E 00 E 00 =

r00
r
3 0

E P = E 0 P E 0 P =
1.4.9

E 0 = E 00 E 00 =

r3
( rop )r
3 0 ro2p

r00
r
3 0

E m = E 0 m E 0 m =

r 3 R3

(
)r
3 0 ro2m ro2m

R Er

S
r < R

E id S =

 E id S + E id S + E id S =
S

0 + 0 + 2 E rh =

r 2 h

E=

h
0

r 2 h r
=
2 rh 0 2 0
q

E id S =

r > R

0 + 0 + 2 E rh =

R 2 h
0

R2
E=
2 0 r
1.4.10

R1 R2R2>R1

1 2
1
2 1 = 2 Er
S h r

r < R1

E id S =

q
0

E=0
R1 < r < R2

E id S +

E id S +

0 + 0 + 2 E rh =

E=

1
2 r 0

r > R2

1h
0

E id S =

 + h
0 + 0 + 2 E rh = 1 2

E =

1 + 2
2 0 r

1 = 2 r < R1 E = 0 R1 < r < R2 E =

r > R2 E = 0
2 r 0

. 1.5.1 O
O
O
L E dl = 0
L

l1

E1 dl + E cos 90 dl + E2 cos dl + E cos 90 dl = 0

l2

E1l1 + 0 E2l2 + 0 = 0

E1l1 = E2l2
E1 l2 r2 r2
= =
=
E2 l1 r1 r1
1
r

E
1.5.2

1
2
E id S =
s

E id S + E id S + E id S =
a

Sa

Sb

Ea S + Eb S = 0

Ea = Eb

E idl = 0
L

la

Ea dl + E cos 90 dl + Eb cos dl + E cos 90 dl = 0

lb

Ea l Ebl = 0 Ea = Eb E

 c ca ab ca U a = U c Ea =

U a
U c
=
= Ec Ea = Ec
z
z

E
1.6.1 q=1.5 10-8C

1 30V
2 1V
u =

q
4 0 r

8
q
9 1.5 10
1 r =
= 9 10
= 4.5
4 0 u
30

2 r
q -3q d

1.6.2

1 V=0
2 E=0

1 q r u = 0

q
4 0 r

r =

3q
= 0
4 0 (d r )

d
4

2 E = 0 + q q r E = 0
q
4 0 r

4 0 (d + r ) 2

d
( 3 + 1)
2
1.6.3 A OO B B D LA qB -q

r =

1 O OCD D
2 D AD

1 AOCD = AOCD = qo (U 0 U D )
U0 =

q
4 0 L

q
4 0 L

=0

UD =

q
q
q
+
=
4 0 (2l + l ) 4 0 L
6 0 L

AOCD = 1 (U 0 U D ) =

q
6 0 L

2
ADCO = q0 (U D U CO ) = 1 (

q
6 0 L

0) =

q
6 0 L

1.6.4 Q R r r<R

V=

Q(3R 2 -r 2 )
8 0 R 3

U = dU =

dv

4 o a

r 2 sin drd d
4 0 a

a 2 = z 2 + r 2 2 r cos

2ada = 2 zr sin d
U=

2
z + r rda
R
z + r rda

z
d dr
+ dr
z r
Z
rz
z
z
4 0 0
0

R r
zr

( z + r z + r )dr + (r + z r + z )dr

z z
2 0 0 z

z 2r 2
2 3 2 2

=
+
dr
2rdr =
z + (R Z 2 )

0
z
2 0
z
z

2 0 3

2 0

2 Z2
R 3

r dr
dq = 4 r 2 dr

U =

dU =

1 dq
4 0 r

1 3 1 2
4 r 2 dr R 4 r 2 dr
=
Z +
(R Z 2 )
+
z 4
4 0
z

z
r
3
2
0
0
0

z 2 R2 z

z2
2
2
2
=
(3R Z ) =
=
+

(R )
3 0 2 0 2 0 6 0
2 0
3

E id S =
r < R

E 4 r 2 =

r > R

E 4 r 2 =

4
Qr
r3) E =
4
4 0 R 3
R3 3
3

Z
Q

E=

4 0 r 2

r < R

U = E dl = E dr + E dr =
r

Q
4 0 R

(
3

Q
4 0 R

4 0 r 2

rdr +

dr

R2 r 2
Q 1
Q
1 1 r2
)+
=
+
(
)
2
2
4 0 R
4 0 2 R R 2 R 2

4
R3 R 2 r 2
=3
( )+
4 0 R 3 2
2
=

R2 r 2 R2
( )+
3 0 2
2
3 0

R2
r2
( + R2 )
3 0 2
2

4
R3
3
4 0 R

r2
2
=
(R )
2 0
3
=

Q
4
2 0 R 3
3

(R2

r2
)
3

Q(3R 2 r 2 )
4 0 R 3
1.6.5 R1 R2 Q1 Q21abc

2 Q1= - Q2 Q2= - Q1R2<R1

Vr
E id S =

E i4 r 2 =

E =

a E =

4 r 2 0

0
=0
4 r 2 0

b E =

1
4 r 2 0

c E =

1 + 2
4 r 2 0

R1

R2

R2

R1

R2

R1

U a = Ea dr + Eb dr + Ec dr =
=

4 0 r

dr +
2

R2

Q1 1
2
+
( )+ 1 2 2
4 0 R1 R2 4 r 0
1

4 0 R2

1
R1

R2

R2

R2

U b = Eb dr + Ec dr =
=

Q1

Q1

4 0 r

dr +
2

Q1 1 2
+
( )+ 1 2
4 0 r R2
4 R 0
1

4 0 R2

1
r

U c = Ec dr =

1 + 2
+
dr = 1 2
2
4 r 0
4 r 0

1 = 2 a
Ua =

Ub =

1 1 1
( )
4 0 R1 R2

1 1 1
( )
4 0 r R2

Uc = 0

R2

1 + 2
dr
4 r 2 0

1 + 2
dr
4 r 2 0

2 =

R2
1 b
R1

Ua = 0
Ub =

1 1 1
( )
4 0 r R2

Uc =

1 ( R2 R1 )
4 0 R1r

1.6.6 1.4.8 o o PM

U =

r2

(R2 )
2 0
3

U =

q
4 0 r

R3
3 0 r

U = U i
Um =

R3
r3

3 0 r0 m 3 0 rom

Up =

Uo =

r2

( R 2 r 2 + oo )
2 0
3

U o =

rop

r3
(R2 )
2 0
3
3 0 rop
2

r2

2
( R 2 oo )
(r 0)
2 0
3
2 0

1.6.7 1.4.10 1 = 2

V Vr

r < R1
R1 < r < R2

r > R2
U = 0

E1 = 0
E2 =

E3 =

2 0 r

1 2(1 + 2 )
4 0
r

1 = 2 E3 = 0

R1

R2

R2

R1

R2

R1

4 0 r

U1 = E1dr + E2 dr + E3dr = 0 +
R2

R2

R2

U 2 = E2 dr + E3 dr =

R
ln 2
2 0 R1

R
ln 2
r
2 0

dr =

4 0 r

dr + 0 =

U 3 = 0dr = 0
r

U1 = E1dr = 0

U 0 = 0

U 2 = E2 dr + E1dr =
R1

R1

R1

2
4 0 r

dr =

R
ln 1
r
2 0

R2

R1

R1

R2

R1

R2

4 0 r

U 3 = E3dr + E2 dr + E1dr = 0 +

dr + 0 =

R
ln 1
2 0 R2

U = 0

U 0 = 0

R2

R1

R1

U12 = u = E2 dr =
R2

R1

R1

U12 = E2 dr =

dr =
ln 2
2 0 r
2 0 r R1

dr =
ln 2
2 0 r
2 0 r R1

1.6.8

E id S =

E =
r
2 0

q
0

R2
E =
2 0 r 2

U 0 = 0 U =

r
2
dr =
r
2 0
4 0

U = E dr + Edr =

R2 R R2
=
ln
2 0
r 4 0

0 r
R2
dr +
dr
R 2
2 0 r
0

2.1.1 R
= 0 cos

dq
x
F = dF =

02
F=
2 0
0 2
=
0

2
ds cos
2 0

02 R2
cos R sin d d = 2 0
3

d cos3 sin d
2

cos3+1 2 R 2 0 2

=
4 0
3 + 1 0

2.1.3 ABC
S

x d AB BC d
BC A Q A
1BC
2
2 S + 3 S = Q U AB = U AC

2
x = 3 (d x)
0
0

Qx
Q (d x)
2 =
3 =

Sd
Sd

Qx
Q ( d x)
Q3 = 2 S =

d
d
Qx
Q(d x)
QB = Q2 =
Qc = Q3 =

d
d
Q2 = 2 S =

EI = 0 EIx = 0 EII =

2
EIII = 3
0
0

U I = EI = 0 U II = EII ( x r ) U III = EIII (d x r )

r A
*2.1.5 R U
2R q
U = 0
U 0 = 0 U = U i
U0 =

q
4 0 2 R

q
4 0 R

q
4 0 2 R

dq
q
ds
=
+
= 0
s 4 R
4 0 2 R 4 0 2 R
0
= 0

q
q =
2
*2.1.6
d
1 O
2 O r P
1 O O O

x EO =

1
4 o d

O S 0 S O

EO =

0
x
2 o

S O

EO = 0 O O

Eo =

+
= 0 o
2 0 4 0 d

o =

2 d

4 0

2 p E pn = dE cos =

E pn

=
4 0

dx
x + r2
2

x
x + r2
2

( x 2 + r 2 ) 2

=
2 3 d 4 0
3

1
d +r
2

E p =

+
2 0 4 0

=0 =

d 2 + r2

2 d 2 + r 2

2.2.1. q R1 R2
Er Vr

E id S =
r < R1 E1 =
R1

q E = q
0

q
4 0 r 2

R2

R1

R2

U = E1dr + E2 dr + E3 dr =
0

4 0 r 2

q 1 1
q

+
4 0 r R1 4 0 R2

R2

4 0 R2

R1 < r < R2 E2 = 0 U = U R2 = E3 dr =
r > R2 E3 =

q+qq
q

=
b
U
E3 dr =
2

r
4 0 r
4 0 r

2.2.2 Q>0 a O r

 q O
q Q + q
U0 =

4 0 r

4 0 r

ds

Q+q

4 a + 4 b

4 0 a

Q+q

4 0b

2.2.3 RA A B
RB AB QA QB
1A S1 B S2S3 q1q2q3
2A B VA VB
3 B 12
42 A (1)(2)
52 B C RC
(1)(2) C VC
1 qs1 = QA qs 2 = QA qs 3 = QA + QB
E id S =

q E = q
0

4 0 r 2

RA < r < RB E =

r > RB E =

4 0 r 2

QA QA + QA + QB

4 0 r 2

RA

RB

RA

U A = E dr + E dr =
=

QA

QA

4 0 r

dr +

RB

QA + QB
dr
4 0 r 2

QA
QA
Q + QB
QA
QB

+ A
=
+
4 0 RA 4 0 RB 4 0 RB 4 0 RA 4 0 RB

UB =

RB

QA

4 0 r

dr =

QA + QB

4 0 RB

U =

q
4 0 R

U =

q
4 0 r

UA =

QA
QA
Q + QA
QA
QB

+
+ B
=
+
4 0 RA 4 0 RB 4 0 RB 4 0 RA 4 0 RB

UB =

QA
QA
Q + QA QB + QA

+
+ B
=
4 0 RB 4 0 RB 4 0 RB
4 0 RB

3
UA =

QA
QA
Q + QB (QA + QB ) QA + QB

+ A
+
+
4 0 RA 4 0 RB 4 0 RB
4 0 RC
4 0 RC

QA
QB
+

4 0 RA 4 0 RB

UB =

QA
QA
Q + QB (QA + QB ) QA + QB QA + QB
=

+
+ A
+
+
4 0 RB 4 0 RB 4 0 RB
4 0 RC
4 0 RC
4 0 RB

UC =

QA
QA
Q + QB (QA + QB ) QA + QB QA + QB
=

+
+ A
+
+
4 0 RC 4 0 RC 4 0 RC
4 0 RC
4 0 RC
4 0 RC

4 qs1 = 0 qs 2 = 0 qs 3 = QA + QB qs 4 = (QA + QB ) qs 5 = QA + QB
UA = UB =

QA + QB
Q + QB
UC = A

4 0 RB
4 0 RC

5 qs1 = QA qs 2 = QA qs 3 = 0

UA =

QA
Q A
U B = 0
+
4 0 RA 4 0 RB

6 qs1 = QA qs 2 = QA qs 3 = QA + QA
UA =

QA
Q + QB
QA
+
+ A

4 0 RA 4 0 RB 4 0 RB

U A = 0

R
QA = A QB
RB
U B =

QA
Q + QB QA + QB
QA
+
+ A
=

4 0 RB 4 0 RB 4 0 RB
4 0 RB

2.2.4 a b Q1

1 Q2
2
1 Q2 0

qsa = Q1 qsb = Q1 qsb = Q1 + Q2

U =

Q1

4 0 a

Q1 Q1 + Q2
Q1
Q2
+
=
+
= 0
4 0b 4 0b 4 0 a 4 0b

b
Q2 = Q1
a
Q1

2 a < r < b U r =

r > b U r =

4 0 r

Q1

4 0 r

Q1 Q1 + Q2
Q1
Q2
+
=
+

4 0b 4 0b 4 0 r 4 0b

Q1 Q1 + Q2 Q1 + Q2
+
=

4 0 r 4 0 r
4 0 r

2.2.5

V1 a V2 b
r a<r<b

R1 < r < R2 E id S =

E 2 rl =

E =

0
2 0 r
R2

R2

R1

R1

U = U 2 U1 = U 2 0 = U 2 Ed r =

Q
dr
4 0 r 2

Q 1 1
( )
4 0 R1 R2

QR1 R2 R1
.1
4 0 R2 R2 R1

U1 U r =

R1

r
dr =
ln .. 2
2 0 r
2 0 R1

2/1

U1 U r ln r R1
=

U1 U 2 ln R2 R1

q
0

U r = U1 (U1 U 2 )

ln

ln

R2

R1

R1

2.3.1 6370km
C = 4 0 R = 7.1104
2.3.2 AB S d

t D
AB
1 C
2 C
3 C0=600uf 10VAB
t=d/4 C U

1 C1 =

0s

C=

0s
d1

C2 =

0s
d t d1

0s

s
C1C2
d d t d1
= 1
= 0
C1 + C2 0 s + 0 s
d t
d1 d t d1

Q
E=

U=

Q
d1 + (d d1 t ) =
(d t )
0
0
0s

Q 0s
=

U d t
2
Q
3 C =
U
C=

Q = C0U 0 = 600 106 10 = 6 103 C

C=

U=

0s
d t

0s
d
d
4

4
= C0 = 800uf
3

6 103
Q
=
= 7.5V
C 800 106

2.3.3 R1 R2


C =

4 0 R22

R2 R1

QU1 = 0 U = 0
Q U 2 > U1 U 2 > U 0
Q +Q Q Q E id S =

q
0

R1 < r < R2 E1 =

R2 < r E2 =

1 Q
r
4 0 r 2

1 Q Q
r
4 0 r 2

R2

R2

R1

R1

R2

R1

U1 = Ed r = E1d r + E2 d r =
=

1
4 0

1 Q
1 Q Q
dr +
dr
2
2
R2 4
4 0 r
r
0

Q Q Q Q
) =0

+
R2 R1
R2

Q =

R1
Q
R2

R2

R2

R1

R1

U 2 U1 = Ed r =

Q
Q 1 1
QR1 R2 R1
dr =
( )=

2
4 0 r
4 0 R1 R2
4 0 R2 R2 R1

U1 = 0 U = U 2 U1 = U 2 0 = U 2 U 2 =

Q
Q
Q Q
+
+

4 0 R2 4 0 R2 4 0 R2

C=

Q
Q 4 0 R2 2
=
=

U 2 U1
U
R2 R1

C1 =

4 0 R2 R1
C2 = 4 0 R2
R2 R1

2.3.4 0.5mm AB

K
AB 0.25mm
1 AB C
2 AB C
a
b

C=

C1C2
+ C AB
C1 +C 2

C1 =C2

0s
s
s
C1
+ C AB =
+ 0 = 2 0 = 2C AB
2
2 0.25 0.5
0.5
A B
s s
s
C=C1 + C AB = 0 + 0 = 3 0 = 3C AB
0.25 0.5
0.5
2.3.5
C=

1 AB
2 AB 900V AB
3 AB 900V DE
1 C AB C3C4C5 C6 C2C7

C8 C1C9
2 Q = C ABU AB Q1 = Q9 = Q
3 C ABU AB = CEFU EF
CEFU EF C8U EF = CCDU CD
U CD = 100V

2.3.6 C1=C4=C5=C6=1.0ufC2=C3=0.5uFq5= 10-4 C q6UBEq3q2UAE

a
b
q6 q5 Q = 10 105 C U bc =

q3 q4 Q = U bcC34 = 200

q5 10 105
=
= 200V
C56 1 106
2

0.5 1 1012
2
= 104 C
6
(0.5 + 1) 10
3

2
5
q1 q2 Q = q3 + q5 = 10 105 + 104 = 104 C
3
3
U ac =

q1 5 104

=
3Cac
Cac

Cac =

1
3
1
3

56
5
= 106 C
5
+ 6 21

U ac = 700V
2.3.7 AB

ab C1 = C3 = C4 = C5 CD
C2 CD C1C4 C3C5

2.3.8 120pF 2000V

200pF1000V300pF1500V

 C1C2 C=

C1C2
200 300
=
= 120 ( pF )
C1 +C2 200 + 300

Q = CU = 120 1012 2000 = 24 108 = Q1 = Q2

Q1
24 108
U1 =
=
= 1200V
C1 200 1012

2.5.1 C1C2=12

W =

Q Cu 2
=

2C
2

Q1 = Q2

W1 2C2Q1 C2
=
=
= 2
W2 2C1Q2 C1

U1 = U 2

W1 2C1u12 C1 1
=
=
=
W2 2C2u22 C2 2

*2.5.2

1
2
1

1 W = qi u i
2

q
q q
q
q2
W12 = (
)+
(
)=

2 4 0 a
2 4 0 a
4 0 a
W23 =

q
q q
q
q2
(
)+
(
)=

2 4 0 a
2 4 0 a
4 0 a

W13 =

q
q
q
q
q2
(
)+
(
)=

2 4 0 2a
2 4 0 2a 8 0 a

W=

q q q
q q q
q q q
3q 2
( + )+
( + )+
( + )=

8 0 a 2a 8 0 a
a
8 0 a 2a
8 0 a

*2.5.3 R Q

1
1
Q
Q
Q2
Q W = Uds =

ds =

2
2 4 R 2 4 0 R
8 0 R

 U =

4 0 R
1
Q 2
Q2
(
) =
W = CU =

2
2
4 0 R
8 0 R
4 0 R
Q

*2.5.4 R Q

E id S =
r < R E =

Qr

4 0 R 3

r > R E =

Q
4 0 r 2

q
0

R1
1
1
W = E D dv = 0 E2 4 r 2 dr + 0 E2 4 r 2 dr
0 2
R 2
2

Qr 2 R 4
1
Q 2 1
) r d +(
)
dr
= 0 4 (
3
0
2
4 0 r 2 R r 2
4 0 R

3Q 2

=
20 0 R

3.2.1 p E
1 E p E

r = 5 l 4.3 103 / 25 0C C m1501W 0

0

2 E
1 F = 0 M = pE sin
= 0 M = 0 = 0 =

2 E
3.2.2 r P1 P2
1 F =

3 p1 p2

2 0 r 2

2P1 P2

p1 A E =

2 p1

l2 3
4 0 (r )
2
2 p1
p2 B E+ =

l2 3
4 0 (r + )
2

2q2 p1
2q2 p1
F = q2 E + q1 E+ =

l
l
4 0 (r + 2 )3 4 0 (r 2 )3
2
2

2q2 p1
1
1
=

3
4 0 r (1 + l2 )3 (1 l2 )3

2r
2r

f (l2 ) = f (0) + f (o)l2

1
1

l
1
1
2r
2r

= 0 + l2

= 2

l
l
l
l
3r
(1 + 2 )3 (1 2 )3
3(1 + 2 ) 4 3(1 2 ) 4

2r
2r
2r
2r l2 =0

 F =

2q2 p1l2
3p p
= 2 14
3
3r 4 0 r
2 0 r

p2 x p1 p1 p2

3.2.3 q q l E
q = 1.0 106 C l = 2.0cm E = 1.0 105 N / C
1
2
5
1 T = p E T = P E sin
=

T = P E = 1.0 106 2.0 105 = 2 103 NM

2 A = Td = PE sin d =PE [ cos ]02 = 2 103 NM

3.2.4 P E
1[ 1
2]
2P E
3P E

1 W+ = qU ( p+ ) W = qU ( p ) W = W+ + W
p

p+

p+

p+

W = q E dl = q E dl = q E cos dl = qlE cos

W = pE
2 = 0 Wmin = pE
3 = Wmax = pE
3.4.1 R hh<<R P
E
dq

dq = ds = p cos ddl = pd cos Rd

dq O dE =

dq

4 0 R 2

dEx = dE cos dE y = dE sin

dq dE y
E y = dE y = 0

Ex = dEx =

E0 =

4 0 R

1
4 0 R

pd cos Rd =

pd

4 0 R

= p cos p

dE =

ds

4 0 ( R 2 + Z 2 )

E y Ex = dEx = 0 Ez = dEz = 0
R

E y = dE y = dE

pR 2
4 0

R2 + Z 2

cos =

+ d2

dz

d2

(R2 + Z 2 ) 2

cos d

p cos 2 R 2 d dz
4 0 ( R 2 + Z 2 ) 2
3

pR 2
d
pd

3 =
4 0
4 0 R
R

3.4.2 A
r
0

E =

E=

n
0

0 +
+
n = 0
n
0
0

P = 0 xE P n =

E=

n
=
0x 0x

n = 0
n
0x
0
1
x

0 = ( + 1)
D = ( P P ) n = p

p = x 0 E = x 0

0 =

r
x

0 r

=x

(1 + x)
x

x = r 1 0 =

=x

(1 + r 1) r

=
r 1
1 r

3.4.3 x S
P = Kxi K i x
1
a b 2
P = kxi k
1 b = Pb = kb a = Pa = ka
2 =

P ds =

Pa s + Pb s
= k
s (b a)

3.4.4 S d
Q P

D = 0 E + P D = 0 E + P 0 = 0 E +
E=

( 0

P
1
P
)=
(Q )
0s
sd
d

E = E0 + E E = E0 E

E=

Q P
1 Q P
1
P
=
( )=
(Q )
sd
0 s 0 0 s s sd 0 s

3.4.5 S = 0.2m 2 d=1.0m

U 0 = 3 103 V 103 V
1 C02q03
C4 E05 E
6 q
7
r
1 C0 =

0s
d

= 1.77 1010 F

2 Q0 = C0u0 = 5.31 107 ()

Q = Q0
3 C =

Q 5.31107
=
= 5.311010
1.0 103
U

U0
= 3 105 (V )
m
d
U
5 E = = 105 (V )
m
d

4 E0 =

6 E = E0 E =

Q
1
(Q0 Q) Q = 0 s ( 0 E ) = Q0 0 sE = 3.5 107
0s
0s

C 5.31 1010
7 r =
=
= 3
C0 1.77 1010

3.5.1 5.0mm
20uC/m2 2.0mm r1 =3.0 3.0mm

r 2 =4.0 ED
D = 0 = 2 105 C

m2

E1 =

= 7.5 105 V

0 r

E2 =

0 r

= 5.7 105 V

1 = p1n1 = p1 = 0 x1 E1 = 0 E1 ( r1 + 1) = 1.3 105 C

2 = p2 p1 = 0 x2 E2 0 x1 E1 = 1.6 106 C

m2

m2

3 = p 2 n3 = p2 = 0 x2 E2 = 0 E2 ( r2 1) = 1.5 105 C

m2

3.5.2 d r 0

ED P
x

E id S = q
D s + D s = 2 x 0 s

D = x 0 E =

0 r

x0

0 r

p = x 0 E

2D s = 0 sd
D =

0 d
2

E=

0 r

0 d
p = 0
2 0 r

3.5.3 d S t

r
U
1 E D P
2 q0
3 E
4 C
1 U = E0 (d t ) + Et

E0 = r E
U = r E (d t ) + Et

D = 0 r E =

0 rU

r (d t ) + t

2 Q = 0 s = Ds =

3 E0 =

4 C =

P = 0 ( r 1) E =

0 rUs

r (d t ) + t

0 ( r 1)U

r (d t ) + t

0 Q
rU
=
=

0 0 s r (d t ) + t

0 r s
Q
=

u r (d t ) + t

3.5.4

U0 t r

1 q02 E D3
U
Q0 = C0U 0 =

0s
d

U 0

1 t Q = Q0 =
2 D =

U0

U
Q 0U 0
D
=
E =
= 0
s
d
0 r r d

3 U = E0 (d t ) + Et =

0s

Q0
U
(d t ) + 0 t
0s
rd

0 sU 0
U
U
U
U
(d t ) + 0 t = 0 (d t ) + 0 t = 0 ( r d r t + t )
rd
0 sd
rd
rd
d

3.5.5 d

r1 r 2 S1 S2

S + S
C= 1 1 2 2
d
1s1 + 2 s2 = Q ..1
U=

d = 2 d 1 d = 2 d ..2

0 r
0 r

C=

Q
.3
U

3 C =

0 ( r s1 + r s2 )
1

0 r s1

C = C1 + C2 =

0 r s2
2

0 ( r s1 + r s2 )
1

3.5.6 10cm ABC 0.5mm

r =5.0 N
M
1 M N +

2 MN

C = C1 + C2 C1 =
C = 2

0 r s
d

0 r s
d

= 2

C2 =

0 r s
d

5 0 102 104
= 1.77 109 F
0.5 103

3.5.7 q0 b
K +r

r r =
r

K r V =

Q
4 0 k

P r

Dds = q

D 4 r 2 = Q D =

Q
Q
Q
E =
=

2
2
4 r
4 0 r r
4 0 r (k + r )
b

0 U p = E d r =
Up =

Q
4 0

dr
Q
=
r (k + r ) 4 0

Q
dr
4 0 r (k + r )
b

2r
1
ln
k 2r + 2k
r

ln

b( r + k )

r (b + k )

1
Q 1
r
b

ln
+ ln

4 0 k r + k k b + k

Q
4 0 k
Q
4 0 k

[ ln r + ln(r + k ) + ln b + ln(b + k )]
ln

b( r + k )

r (b + k )

3.5.8 2.0cm 1.0cm

3106V/m

r =7.0 25106V/m
40kV

U 40 103
E= =
= 20 103 kV
< E
cm
2
d

U = E0 (d t ) +

E0t

E0 =

d t + t

= 35 kV

cm

> E

3.5.9

r R1 R2
0
1 E D P
2 U
3

1 D d s = q

D d s + D d s + D d s = l
0

0 + 0 + D 2 rl = 0l D =

0
0
E =

2 r
2 0 r r

R2

R2

R1

R1

U12 = Edr =

0
0
R
dr =
ln 2
2 0 r r
2 0 r R1

= 0 ( r1 1) E = 0 ( r1 1)

3 1 = = 0 ( r1 1)

2 = = 0 ( r 1)
1

4 C =

0
R
ln 2
2 0 r R1

2 0 r R1

2 0 r R2

Q
L
= 0
U12

2 0 r L
=

0
R2
R2
ln
ln
2 0 r R1
R1

3.5.10 R1 R2R2<2R1

a 1

2 = 1 / 2 Em
U m =
E =
R2

R1

R1

U12 = Edr =

R2
1
Em ain 2
aR1
2

2 0 r r

R
R

dr +
dr =
ln +
ln 2
r 2 r
2 0 r r
r
2 0 r R1 2 0 r
0 r
2

r2 =

R22

U12 =
ln

2 0 r R1r
1

E1M =

=
2 0 r R1
1

E2 M =

uM
R22
R1 ln
R2 r

2uM

=
R12
2 0 r r
2

r ln

R1r

E2 M 2 R1

=
E1M
r

R2 < 2 R1

E2 M 2 R1 R2
=
>
> 1
E1M
r
r

E2 M > E1M EM
2
1
E2 M r ln RR12r
2
3.6.1

EM = E2 M U M =

1 2
1
2D E

1 D E
2 D d s = q D =
U12 =

R2

R1

E =

2 R
2 0 r r

R
R
R

ln 2 +
ln 3
dr +
dr =
R 2 r
2 0 r r
2 0 r
R1 2 0 r
R2
0 r
3

C=

2 0 r1 r2

R3
R2
r2 ln + r1 ln
R1
R2

3.6.2 r1 =3 r 2 =6

E1 450 E2
E1n =

2
E1
2

r 2
E1n 2

= E2 n = 1 E1n = 1
E
E2 n 1
2
r2 2 1

E2 = E22n + E22t = (

r 2 2
2
E1 ) + (
E1 ) 2 = 769V
m
r 2
2
1

2
E1
r 7
E2t
tg =
= 2
= 2 =
E2 n r1 2
r1 3
E1
r2 2

= 66.800 = 660 48
3.6.3 r

E1 1R
E
2D

E = E2 + E3 D2 = 0 E0 cos R 2 = D3

E2 =

D2

= E cos R 2 E3 =

E = E0 cos R 2

E0

D3

0 r

cos R 2 =

E0

cos R 2

r 1
E0 cos R 2
r

D dl = D dl + D dl = DC0 dl + DC dl
l1

l1

l1

l2

= 0 EC0 dl 0 r EC0 dl = 0 E0 sin l 0 r E0 sin l

l1

l2

3.6.4 r AB
C B AC

C EC
1A EA2
B ( B)

1 Eno = E0 cos 0

Eno r
E
E
= En = no = 0 cos 0
1
r
r
En

 E 0 = E0 sin 0 = E

E = En2 + E2 =
tg =

E0

cos 2 0 + r2 sin 2 0

E
= r tg 0
En

2 = P n = Pn = 0 ( r 1) En =

0 ( r 1)
E0 cos 0
r

3.7.1 r =5

W W
1
2
s
s
1
1

1 U W = C0U 2 CU 2 C0 = 0 C = 0 r
2
2
d
d
1 2 0s
W = U
(1 r ) = 3.2 105 J
2
d

1 Q2 1 Q2 1 Q2d
1
2 Q W =

=
(1 ) = 1.6 104 J
r
2 C0 2 C 2 0 s
3.7.2 R
q0

D d s = q
D =

Q0
Q0
E=

2
4 r
4 0 r r 2

Q02
1
W = 0 r E 2 =

2
32 2 0 r r 4

4.1.1 J=Ji J i x R

1 J dI
2 x>0 J I

= j cos ds
1 dI = j d s = ji rds
cos =

x r cos R sin cos

=
=

R
R
R

ds = R 2 sin cos
dI = jR 2 sin 2 cos d d
2 yoz
I = dI = 4 jR

cos d sin d = 4 jR [sin ]0

2

1
1
2
sin
2

= j R 2

4
0

j O j
4.2.1
1 S AB
2 S AB

1 K 1 Rab = 225
2 K 2 Rab = 208
4.2.2 AB

a~g

a Rab = 1K b Rab = 4.5 c Rab = 1.2

d Rab = 7.4 e Rab = 5 f Rab = 1.5 g Rab = 14

4.2.3 R1 AB R0
R = R1 +

R1 =

R1 ( R1 + R0 )
= R0
R1 + ( R1 + R0 )

R0

4.3.1 l R1 R2

1
2
3
1

R=

( R R12 )
2
2

2
R = dR =

R2

R1

dr

R
=
ln 2
2 rl 2 l R1

3 r dr
r
dR =

ldr

R2 ldr
R
1
1
l
=
=
=
ln 2
R1 r
R
dR
R1

R =

l ln

1
R2

R1

4.3.2 L a b

1
2 a=b L/S S
I j
dR =

dx

r2

 R = dR =

dx

r2

x r x x
x0 ~ x0 + l
a = x0tg b = ( x0 + l )tg

La
ba
tg =

ba
l
x(b a)
r = xtg =

l
x0 =

s =r =
2

x 2 (b a) 2
l2

dx
l 2 dx
l2
=
=
r 2 x 2 (b a) 2 (b a) 2

R =

l2
=
(b a) 2

x0 + l

x0

dx

x2

1
1 l

=
x0 x0 + l ab

r r 0 (b a) a b
tg =

b a dr
ldr
=
dx =

l
dx
ba

R=

b dr
dx
l dr
l
=
=

r 2 r 2 (b a) (b a ) a r 2

l 1 1 l
=

(b a) a b ab

a = b R =

l
l
=
2
s
a

4.3.3 a b

dR =
R = dR =

dx
1 1 (b a)
( )=
=

2
4 r
4 a b
4 ab

dx

4 r 2

4.3.4 2mm 3.14 108 m 20A

 j = E E =

I 3.14 108 20
=
= 0.2 V
2
3 2
m
R
3.14 (10 )

4.3.5 4.3 103 / 0C 0 0C 1.6 108 m 5mm

160km 25 0C
160 103
l
8
3
R = 0 (1 + t ) 2 = 1.6 10 (1 + 4.3 10 25)
= 144
r
3.14 (2.5 103 ) 2

4.3.6

l
l
R = RC + RF = C0 (1 + C t ) C + F0 (1 + F t ) F .*
s
s

dR
=0
dt

* t 0 C0 C

lC
l
+ F0 F F = 0
s
s

F F 8.7 1
lC
= 0
=
=

lF
C0 C 350 40

4.3.7 200, 2W 501W 1501W

220, 2W

U = RW = 21(V ) I =

W
= 0.01( A)
R

50,1W U = RW = 7.07(V ) I =

W
= 0.14( A)
R

150,1W U = RW = 12.25(V ) I =

W
= 0.08( A)
R

50,1W 150,1W

7.07 + 12.25 = 19.33 < 21(V )

1
4.3.8 100 1 10 50 1
1 W = W
4

I =

W
R

=
min

4 = 1 ( A)
104 2 102

ab
1
U ab = I min R =
100+103 +104=0.5 111=55.5(V)
2 102

2 W = I 2 R I = 0.01( A)
1
103 = 15.8(V )
4

U = 0.01 103 = 10(V ) U = RW =

P100 = 0.012 100 = 0.01(W )
U = 0.01 100 = 1V U = RW =

1
100 = 5(V )
4

P104 = 0.012 104 = 1(W )

U = 0.01 104 = 100(V ) U = RW =

1
104 = 25(V )
4

4.4.2

0.2A 1.8V
0.4A 1.6V
= U1 + I1r = U 2 + I 2 r

r=

U 2 U1 1.8 1.6
=
= 1
I1 I 2
0.4 0.2

= 1.8 + 0.2 1 = 2(V )

4.4.3 R R R R

R=R
1 R
2R Pm =

2
4 R

2
4R

 P = R(

R+r
dP

= 0
dR

2 ( R + r ) 2 2 R 2( R + r )
( R + r )4

)2

=0

2 ( R + r ) 2 2 R 2( R + r ) = 0
( R + r )2 = 2 R( R + r )

R = r
Pmax = r (

r+r

)2 =

2
4r 2

2
4R2

4.4.4 R1 = 40 R3 = 20 R 4 =30 I=0.4AUAB=20V R R 4 =30 2

U AB = + IR4

= IR4 U AB = 0.4 30 + 20 = 32(V )

= I ( R4 + R3 +
R2 =

R1 R2
)
R1 + R2

R1 ( IR4 IR3 )
= 120
IR1 + IR4 + IR3

4.4.5 1 = 6V 2 = 10V R1 = 3 R2 = 1 R=4 UABUACUCB

I =

1 + 2
R + r1 + r2

6 + 10
= 2( A)
3 +1+ 4

U ab = Ir1 1 = 2 3 6 = 0(V )

U ac = Ir1 1 2 + Ir2 = 8(V )

U ab = 2 + Ir2 = 8(V )
4.4.6 8 0.5A UAC

I 8 = 0.5 A I16 = 0.25 A

 I 20 = 0.5 + 0.25 + 0.25 = 1A

9 18
6+
I 20
9 + 18 = 1
=

I6
4 + 20
2
I 6 = 2 I 20 = 2 A

9 18
= 12(V )
9 + 18
4.4.7 ABDE
U ac = I 6

R3
R3 U b = 3
R1

R1 U d = 1
U c = 2

U aB = I 24 R4 =

2
R2 + R3

R4 = U a

4.4.8 RA = 100 R0 = 200 R=50 S1 S2 RA

RB
K1K 2 I A =

RA + R0 + R

.1

K1K 2

IA =

RA RB
1
2
RA RA + RB RA RB + R
0
RA + RB

1=2

R R
RB = A 0
R
4.4.9 O
1 A B
2 A
BO


10 + 20 24
I=
= 0.1
2 + 10 + 23 + 17 + 28

1 U Ao = 0.1 2 + 10 0.1 28 = 7 = U A
U Bo = 0.1 3 + 24 0.1 17 = 26 = U B

2
QA + (QB ) + (QC ) = 0

QA = U AC C A QB = U BC CB QC = U OC CC
(U A U C )C A + (U B U C )CB + (U O U C )CC = 0

5U C 105 = 66 105 U C = 13.2(V )

QC = U C CC = 13.2 10 106 = 132(mC )

4.4.10 RAB

R Rm=100

S2 S1 1 Rn RAB
S1 2 C G UAC=1.5025V S2 C
G UAC =1.4455V R

K 2 K1 1 2 I G = 0
U AC = x .1

K 2 :
= x Ir = x
U AC

U AC
r .2
Rm

1
2 r = 4.0

4.5.1 1 = 12V 2 = 2V R1 = 1.5 R3 = 2 I 2 = 1A R2 I1I 3

I1 + I 3 = I 2 1 = I 3 R3 + I1 R1
2 = I 3 R3 + I 2 R2

R2 = 4 I1 = 4 I 3 = 3 A
4.5.2 1 2

a 1 = 2 + I ab 1
20 + 1 = 1 (1 + 6) + I ab (4 + 1) 2
1 + 2 = I ab (4 + 1) + 2 (1 + 2) 3

1~3 1 = 18V I ab = 1

2 = 18 (1) (4 + 1) + 2 (1 + 2) = 7V
U ab = 18 + (1) (4 + 1) = 13V
4.5.3 1 AB
2 AB 12V
12 8
4
ab I =
=
1+ 2 + 2 + 2 +1+1 9
2
U ab = 2 I + 8 + I + 2 I 10 = V
9

ab I1 = I 2 + I 3
12 10 = I1 (1 + 1 + 2) + I 2 (1 + 3)
10 8 = I 2 (1 + 3) + I 3 (2 + 1 + 2)

 I1 = 0.464 A

4.5.4 = 24V R1 = 80 R2 = 240 R3 = R5 = 120 R4

I 4 0.125A

A I = I1 + I 3

B I1 = I 2 + I 5
C I = I 2 + I 4
1 I1 R1 + I 5 R5 I 3 R3 = 0
2 I 2 R2 I 4 R4 I 5 R5 = 0
3 I 3 R3 + I 4 R4 =
6 R4 = 48
4.5.5 AB R

I1 = I 2 + I 3
1 I1 (2 + 6) + I 3 R = 6
2 I 2 (2 + 2) + I 3 R = 2 + 6 3

U AB = 6 I1 2 I 2 = 0 4

23 8I1 4 I 2 = 2 5
1
4 I1 = I 2 6
3
3
5
6 I 2 = 7
2

1
67 I 3 = 2 8
2
68 R = 1
1 1 1 1
= + +
R R 3 6
R = 2
4.5.6 RAB

II1I 2I 3I 4I 5 U ab
A I =I1 +I 2 1
B I =I 3 +I 4 2

C I1 =I 3 +I 5 3
1 r ( I1 +I 5 2 I 2=I 4 4
2 r (2 I 3 I 4 +I 5=0 5
U ab = I1r + 2 I 3 r 6
Rab =

U ab
7
I

1
24 4 I1r + I 3 r 2rI = 0 8
2
35 4 I 3 r rI1 rI = 0 9
9
1
78 rI1 2rI U ab = 0 10
2
2

79 2U ab 3rI1 rI = 0 11
9
3
(10) 3 + (11) U ab + 9U ab 9rI 6rI = 0
2
2
U
Rab = ab = 1.4r
I

4.6.2 12 R
AB

I
Re

AB
I
U ab = U ac + U cd + U db

I
I
I
5
R + R + R = IR
3
6
3
6
U ab 5
Rab =
= R
6
I
4.6.3 N
=

12
U0 =
4 = 8V
2+4
2 4
Re =
+ 6 = 7.3
2+4
4.6.4 1 = 2 = 40V R1 = 4 R2 = R6 = 2 R3 = 5 R4 = 10 R5 = 8

R3 I 3

a
b
c

8
6 = 3.53 A
I=
8
+5+5
6
30

4.6.5 = 100V = 40V R = 10 R = 30 R

r 100 10
U 0 =
=
= 50V
r + r 10 + 10
r
Re =
2
I=

U0 U0
40
=
= 1A
30 + 10
r + 2 Re

4.6.7 a Ra 3

Ra 2A
1 Ra 6 b

2 Ra 6 c

a Re = 3
2A =

e
Rs + Re

e = 12V
b
I =

e
Rs + 6 + Re

12
1A
3+3+ 6

c c
I =

e
6 Rs
+ Re
Rs + 6

12
= 24 A
63
3+
6+3

24 2
= 0.8 A
6
4.6.10

I6 =

R1 R4 = R2 R3 I G = 0
AB

U AB = I1 R2 I 2 R4

 = I1 ( R1 + R2 ) = I 2 ( R3 + R4 )
U AB =

R1 + R2

R2

R3 + R4

R4 = (

R2 R4
)
R1 R3

R1 R4 = R2 R3

U AB = 0 I G = 0


5.1.1 B = 4.0 10

v = 5.0 107 m / s 12

1
2f=qvBf=GMm/R2
5.2.1 IMN1/4OR
OB

JG JG JG JG
B 0 = B1 + B 2 + B 3

B0 =

u0 I
uI
B2 = 0
4 R
4 2R

B1 =

B0 = 2 B1 + B2

u0 I

(1 + )
2 R
4

5.2.2 Ia
b
OB

aB1=0

B2 =

3 u0 I
1 u0 I
B3 =
4 2R
2 2 R

B0 = B1 + B2 =

u0 I
3
(1 + )
4 R
2

JG

JG

JG

JG

b B 0 = B1 + B 2 + B 3

B0 = B1 + B2 + B3 = B2 + 2 B1

1 u0 I
1 u0 I
B2 =
2 2 R
2 2R

B1 =

B0 =

u0 I
( + 2)
4 R

5.2.3 IOB

B0 =

3u0 I 1 u0 I u0 I 3 1
+
=
( + )
4 2a 4 2b
8 a b

JG

JG

JG

JG

JG

JG

b B 0 = B1 + B 2 + B 3 + B 4 + B 5

B1 =

uI
3u0 I
B2 = 0 (cos 900 cos1350 )
4 b
4 2a

B3 =

u0 I
(cos 450 cos 900 )
B = B5 = 0
4 b
4

5.2.4

B0 = B1 + B2 + B3 =

u0 I 3
2
( +
)
4 2a b

OB

B1 = B3 =

u IG u I G
1 u0 I
1 u0 I JG
B0 = 0 i 0 k
B2 =
4R
2 R
2 2 R
2 2R

JG 1 u I G JG
1 u0 I G JG
1u IG
0
B1 =
k B3 =
i B2 = 0 i
2 2R
2 2 R
2 2 R
b
JG
JG
1 u0 I G
3 u I G JG 1 u0 I G
B1 =
k
B 2 = 0 i B3 =
j
2 2 R
4 2R
2 2 R
c
5.2.5 12233cmI1=I2I3=I1+I2

B=0
P1xPB=0

BP =

u0
u0 ( I1 + I 2 )
u0 I 2
I1
+

=0
2
2
2 x 10
2 (6 x) 10
2 (3 x) 102

x=2
5.2.6 ab
I
OB

B10 = B50 =

B20 = B40 =

u0 I
b2
[cos 00 2
1 ]
a
4
[(a + b 2 ) 4] 2
2

u0 I
a2
[2 2
1 ]
a
4
[(a + b 2 ) 4] 2
2

B30 =

I
b2
[2 2
1 ]
a
[(a + b 2 ) 4] 2
2

B = B10 B50 B20 + B40 + B30 =

u0 I 2 2
( a + b 2 1)
a b

5.2.7 I=5Aa=30cmP
PB

BP =

3u0 I
(cos 600 + cos 600 ) sin = 1.92 106
2 a sin 600
T

a tg 300
sin = 2
a sin 600

5.2.8 20cm2cm2005A
B

B=

10
u0 NI
cos 1 =
= cos 2
(cos 1 + cos 2 )
2
10 + 202
2 l

5.2.9 5cm50cm10A0.1T
12

B=

1
2

l
u0 nI
2
(2
1)
2
2
l + 122
4

l = 2nl R

5.2.10 ACAC
OB

B10 = B40 = 0

B20 =

u0 I 2l2
4 a 2

B30 =

u0 I 3l3
4 a 2

23

B20 = B30

I 2 R2 = I 3 R3

I2

l
l2
= I3 3
S
S I 2l2 = I 3l3

 B = 0
5.2.11
5.2.12 Rhh<<R
aB

B=0 0

B=

u0 I
2 R

I = 2h

B=

u0 h
R

5.2.13 I
B

dB =

u0 dI
2 R dI = I Rd
R

yx dBx = dB sin

B=Bx = dBx =

u0 I
sin d
2 2 R

5.2.14 I2axP
B

u0 dI
I
dI =
dy
2 r
2a r = x sec

Bx = 0

dB=

B=B y = dBy = dB cos =

=

u0 I I dy
cos
2 2a r 2

u0 I
dy
cos

4 ax sec 2

y = xtg dy = x sec
B=

u0 I tg 1 ax sec 2 d
uI
uI
x
a
x
= 0 [tg 1 + tg 1 ] = 0 tg 1
2
1 a

a
x 2 a
a
4 ax tg x sec
4 ax

5.2.15 R
INOB

B=

dB =

u0 R 2 I
3
2( R 2 + x 2 ) 2

u0 r 2 dI
NIRd
3
dI =
2(r 2 + x 2 ) 2
2 R / 4 r = R cos , x = R sin

B = dB =

u0 N
u NI
cos 2 d = 0

R
4R

5.2.16 Qa
nB
3

B=

B = dB =

u0 I
u dI
Q
dI = 2n rdr 2
dB = 0
2a
2 R
2R

u0 nQ
u nQR
dr = 0
2
a
a

5.2.17 R
B

dB =

B = dB =

u0 r 2 dI
3
2(r 2 + x 2 ) 2 dI = r Rd
u0 r 2 R rd
u0 R 4 cos3 d
=
3
2R3
2( R 2 cos 2 + R 2 sin 2 ) 2

= u0 R cos3 d = u0 R[
2

cos 2 sin 2
+ cos d ]02
3
3

2
= u0 R
3

5.3.1 I
CDEFC

JG JG
b u I
u Il b
= B d S = 0 ldx = 0 ln
a 2 x
a
2

5.3.2 a=b=c=10cm l =10mI=100A

dS = ldx ds

B=

u0 I
u0 I
+
2 x 2 (a + b + c x)

JG JG
a +b u I 1
1
0
= B d S =
( +
) ldx
a
2 x a + b + c x

u0 Il
u Il (a + b)(b + c)
a+b
c
[ln
+ ( ln
)] = 0 ln
2
2
a
b+c
ac

5.3.3 B1.2cm 10 m/s

B

m = B R 2 BR=mv/qB
m =

mv R
q

5.4.1 I
R1R2R3r
rOB

JG G
B dl = u0 I i

B=

B 2 r = u0 I i

u0 I i
2 r

B=
0<r<R1

u0
uI
I

r 2 = 0 2 r
2
2 r R1
2 R1

B=

u0 I
2 r

B=

u0
u0 I R32 r 2
I
2
2
r
R
[I

)]
=

2
2 r
( R32 R22 )
2 r R32 R22

R1<r<R2

R2<r<R3

B=
r>R3

u0 I
(I I ) = 0
2 r

5.4.2 NI
1rBr
2

u0 NIh D1
ln
2
D2

JG G
B dl = u0 I i

B=

B 2 r = u0 NI

u0 NI
2 r

JG JG
d = B d S = BdS
D1
2

= d = D2
2

u0 NIh
u NIh D1
dr = 0
ln
2
2
D2

5.4.3 10A,N(),N
.
r I RI=10A

r2
I = 2 I
R

2 Br = 0

r2
I
R2

B=

0 I
rldr
2 R 2
Il R
Il
= 0 2 rdr = 0
2 R 0
4

0 I
r
2 R 2

d = Bldr =

5.4.4JZ2d(),B.

5.4.5 ab(),,
c,I,,B
.
PZ
ZJJ

5.5.1 MN0.1m,M

B, v0

,v0=1.010 m/s,:(1)BMN?(2)
MN?

5.5.2 ,,
,,B=1T,R=20cm,
-27

(1.6710 kg)
-8

5.5.3 0.5g2.510 C610 m/sB

BB
3

5.5.4 2.010 eVB=0.1TB89

ThR
6

5.5.5 DR=60cm4.010 eV1

4

B
2D1.0cm2.010 V

-3

5.5.6 4cm1cm10

cm

-5

1
3AB=1.5T10 V
2
5.5.7 531
l =0.02cm
29

-3

d=0.1cmI=50AB=2Tn=1.110 cm 12

3
4
5.6.1 aI1I2
11 l
2F2a=15cmI1=I2=200AF
5.6.2 ACADC
ACADC
5.6.3 0.5m0.6Tx


6.2.1

100
1cm 200cm

. 0.05 s

1.5 A -1.5 A
1
2

1 n=200 cm

, R = 10

m ,

N = 100

= N ddt = N dBdtS = 0 n(R 2 ) N dIdt = 4.7 10 2 V . >0

(2)

6.2.2
a=0.2 m b=0.1 m
5 10 10

. B = Bm sin t

Bm = 102 T = 100 s 1 B

d
dt

d
dt

dB
dt

(a

b 2 ) = ( a 2 b 2 ) Bm cos t = m cos t

= 5 10

R = 4 ( a + b ) = 6 102

I m = Rm = 0.5 A

6.2.3

R r x r

x (

) R

x . x v =

dx
dt

.
1 x
2

3 v > 0 ,.

x , S

= BS =
2

0 IR 2
2 x3

r2

d
dt

0 Ir 2 R 2
2

(3 x 4 dx
dt ) =

3 0 Ir 2 R 2
2 x4

3 ,
6.2.4

. 2 PQ
.
a R
b R
(1) U PQ
2R
2a
b
I A
3 R kR k > 0
I A k

1 2

d
dt

= 2

a R 6.2.4(a)

U PQ = QP

2R

R=

=0

b R 2R 6.2.4(b)

U PQ = QP

3R

2R =

2
= =
3
6
3

2
(a) R 6.2.4(c)

0
6.2.4c

IA =

2 A 2
=
R
R

b R 2R 6.2.4d
U PQ

U e = U PQ = QP

3R

2R =

= =
3
6
3

Re =

R ( 2R ) 2R
=
3
R + 2R

6.2.4d e < 0

IA =

( e ) +
Re

+
2
2= 3
=
2R
R
3

3 R kR
6.2.4e

e = U PQ = QP

(1 + k ) R

kR =

(1 k )
(1 + k )

Re =

R ( kR )
kR
=
(1 + k ) R 1 + k

6.2.4e e

IA = 2

e
Re

(1 k )
1+ k
kR
1+ k

2
R

I A k
6.3.1

D B

P B PQ

PQ PQ P

 PQQP = PQ + QP = 0

PQ = QP = PQ = ( v B )idl = vBdl = Bldl = B ldl =

6.3.2

BD 2
2

EF l R
R1 R2 B B
v

v = vBl 6.3.2

I=
R+
6.3.3

R1 R2
R1 + R2

vBl ( R1 + R2 )
R ( R1 + R2 ) + R1 R2

m PQ l.
R B B
v0
1
2 R
3

1 v x
= vBl i = vBl R .

vB 2l 2 B 2l 2 dx
=
F = iBl =
R
R dt

F=

B 2l 2 dx
dv
=
R dt
dt

dx =

mR
dv
B 2l 2

x=0

x=

mR
B 2l 2

v0

dv =

mR
v0
B 2l 2


vBl
B 2l 2 x
B 2l 2
Q = i 2 Rdt =
Rdt
vdx
=
=

0
0
R
R
R 0

1
mR
v 2 2 dv = mv0 2
v0
2
Bl

3 v0

1
mv0 2 0
2
6.3.4

F 0
v ( t ) =

F
B 2l 2
t
1

e
(
)
ma
mR 2

v I

Fm = Bil = Bl

vBl B 2l 2
=
v
R
R

B 2l 2
dv
F
v=m
R
dt

dv F B 2l 2
=
v
dt m mR
=

B 2l 2

mR

dv
F

=
v
dt
m

v
d
m
= dt
F
v
m

ln
v = t + C
m

C t=0,v(0)=0,

C = ln

F
ma

m v
ln
= t
F

F
v
m
= e t
F
m

F
(1 et )
ma
1m 4 PQ MN B
v (t ) =

6.3.5

B = 2T , v1 = 4 m s v2 = 2 m s

!
2 U PQ U MN
3

1 PQ Q P

QP = ( v1 B )idl = v1 Bl = 8V
P

MN N M

MN =

( v2 B )idl = v2 Bl = 4V

I=

PQ NM
R 2 + R1

= 0.5 A

PQ

U PQ = QP IR1 = 6V
MN

U MN = NM IR2 = 6V
3 PQ O1 O2

U O1Q =

QP
2

IR1
=3 V
2

MN O2 N

U O2 N =

NM
2

IR2
=3 V
2

Q N O1 O2

U O1O2 = U O1Q U O2 N = 0
6.3.6

0.1m 3000 r min

t=0
t

R2
= Bi S = B
cos t
2

d R 2 B
=
sin t
dt
2

f =

N 3000 1
s = 50 Hz
=
t
60

= 2 f = 100 rad s

m =
6.3.6

B R 2
= 2.7
2

R B
B A AC 1 4 M AC
B
AM AC

2AM

d = ( v B )idl = rB sin dl

 6.3.7

d = ( R sin ) B sin Rd = BR 2 sin 2 d

AM

AM = BR 2

1
sin 2 d = BR 2
8 4

AC

AC = BR 2

1
sin 2 d = BR 2
4

AC

U CA = AC IRAC = AC

4 AC R
=0
R 4

AM

4 R
1
1
U MA = AM IRAM = BR 2 AC = BR 2 < 0
R 8
4
8 4
M A
6.4.1

B B 10 T s

MNP
r=5.0 cm

P M

E =

r dB
= 2.5 104 m T s
2 dt

MP

aM = a P

e E
m

= 4.4 107 m s 2

P M
Q
6.4.2 PQMNP
PQ=R=1 m MN=0.5m
1 PQ

QM MN NP

2 PQMNP

1 6.4.2 E

 e PQ

PQ =

R dB
R dB
dB
e dl =
hR = 4.3 103 V
cos150 PQ =
dt
2 dt
2 dt
QM

QM =

R dB
e dl = 0
2 dt

NP

NP =

R dB
e dl = 0
2 dt

MN

MN =

R dB
1 dB R
1 dB h R
e dl =
cos 30 MN =
= 1.1103 V
2 dt
2 dt 2
2 dt 2 2

PQMNP = PQ + QM + MN + NP = 3.2 103 V

6.4.3

PQ .

. OPOM OQ,
OPM E OP OM OP OM
0 OPM PQ , OPM ,

PM =

d dB 1
= hR =
dt
dt 2

3R 2 dB

4 dt

OMQ , E OQ OM , OQ OM
0. OMQ MQ OMQ
OMS

MQ =

d dB 1
= R 2
dt
dt 12

PM > 0 MQ > 0

6.4.4

0.4m 160eV/.

1 B

dB
dt

2 16MeV

1 1

e = 160 eV

dB 2
R
dt

dB

dt

dB

=
= 3.18 10 2 T s
dt R 2
2 16MeV

160 10 5 eV
N=
= 10 5
160eV
4

R= R = 4 10 km ,

L = 2RN = 251 km
6.5.1

0.6m 5cm 6.0

6.0 10 -3 H

N
L = 0 n 2V = 0 lR 2
l

N=

6.5.2

1
R

Ll

= 1208
2

0.1m 6 cm

250. 3A .

N
5
L = 0 n 2V = 2 0
RS = 7.5 10
2R

 I=3 A

= LI = 2.25 10 4 Wb

= 9 10 7 Wb
N

R1 R2 6-27

6.5.3

6.5.3 r B(r)

2rB(r ) = 0 I

B(r ) =

0 I
2r

l S

= B(r )drl =
R1

R1

R2

R2

0 I
I
R
drl = 0 l ln 1
R2
2r
2

L=

0 I R1
=
ln
Il
2
R2

6.6.1 R r , N 1 N 2 l

N 1

B1 =

0 I1 R 2 N1
3

2 (l 2 + R2 )2

12 = B1 r 2 =

0 I1 R 2 N1
2 (l 2 + R

3
2 2

r2

N 2 N10 r 2 R 2

12 = N 2 12 =

2 (l + R
2

3
2 2

I1

M=

12 N 2 N10 r 2 R 2
=
3
I1
2
2 2
2 (l + R )

6.6.2 R1 R2

R1

l N1 N 2 M 12 M 21 M 12 = M 21

l R2

1 I1

B1 = 0 nI1 = 0

N1
I1
l

1 2 1

12 = R2 2 B1 =

0 N1 R2 2 I1
l

1 2

12 = N 2 12 =

0 N1 R2 2 I1
l

1 2

12 0 N1 N 2 R2 2
=
M 12 =
I1
l
2 I 2

B2 = 0 nI 2 = 0

N2
l2
l

2 1 1 2

21 = R2 2 B2 =

0 N 2 R2 2 I 2
l

2 1

21 = N1 21 =

0 N1 N 2 R2 2 I 2
l

1 2

M 12 =

21 0 N1 N 2 R2 2
=
I2
l

M 12 = M 21
L1 L2

6.6.3

M =

L1 L2 12 = 11 21 = 22

L1 =

L2 L1 =

11 N111
=
I1
I1

L2 =

22 N 2 22
=
I2
I2

N111 N 2 22
I1 I 2

12 = 11 21 = 22

L2 L1 =

N111 N 2 22 N 2 12 N1 21
=
= M 12 M 21 = M 2
I1 I 2
I1
I2

M =
6.8.1

L1 L2

RL 5.0 s

RL
t

i = I 0 1 e

5t

1
I 0 = I 0 1 e
3

5t

2
3

5s

= ln

2
3

= 12 s.
6.8.2

6.8.1 R=4 L=20 H, 5 A s

2 10A
L i
Wm =

1 2
Li 6.11
2

1 RL

i=

1 e
R

Rt
L

di RtL
= e
dt L
t = 0

di
dt

t =0

=5A s

=100V
3 t = t1 10A

1 e
L

t = t1

Rt1
L

Rt1
L

= 10 A

= 0.6

t
di
1
t = t1 = e L = 3 A
s
dt
L

Wm =

1 2
Li ( t1 ) = 1000 J
2

6.8.3 6.8.1
1
2 R
3

Wm =

1 2
Li ( t )
2

Rt
Rt
Rt
dWm
di
2
= Li = ie L = 1 e L e L
dt
dt
R

t=0.1s

dWm
t = 0.1s = 23 W
dt

2 0.1 s R

P ( t ) = i 2 R t = 0.1s =

1 e
R

Rt
L

t = 0.1s = 40 W

P ( t ) = i =

1 e
R

Rt
L

t=0.1 s :

P ( 0.1s ) = 63 W
6.8.4

i1 i2 i

6.8.4 e

e = U0 =

;Re =

R
6.8.4
2

R+R 2
R
L i ( 0 ) = 0 i2
2

i2 =

( 2 ) 1 e (

R 2

2
L

)t

( R )t

L2
e
=

1
R

u2 = L

di2 ( RL2)t
= e
dt 2

i1 =

u2
( RL2)t
=
e
R 2R

i = i1 + i2 =
6.8.5

2e
2 R

( R 2 )t
L

(1) S t i ( t )
(2) = 10 V, R1 = 5 , R2 = 10 t = U AB
1S R2

I0 =

R1 + R2

S R2

= iR1 + L

di
dt

d ( iR1 )
R
= 1 dt
iR1
L

ln ( iR1 ) =

R1
t+K
L

R2
R1
K = ln ( I 0 R1 ) = ln
= ln

R1 + R2

R1 + R2

ln ( iR1 ) =

R
R1
t + ln 2
L
R1 + R2

i=

Rt
R2
1
e L
1
R1 R1 + R2

(2) U AB = i ( t ) R1 , t =

R2
U AB ( ) = R1 1
e 1 = 7.5 V

R1 R1 + R2

6.8.6

i = i1 + i2

di di1 di2
=
+
dt dt dt

= iR + L1

di1
dt

di2
dt

= iR + L2

23

di di2

dt dt

= iR + L1

di2
R
= i
dt L2
L2
5

L1 L2 di

L1 + L2 dt

= iR +
L =

L1 L2
i ( 0 ) = 0
L1 + L2

i (t ) =

(
R

1 e

Rt
L

1 e

R( L1+ L2 )t
L1L2

63

L1

di1
Rt
= iR = e L
dt

i1 ( t ) =

L2
Rt
e L +K
R ( L1 + L2 )

i ( 0 ) = 0

K=

L2
R ( L1 + L2 )

i1 ( t ) =

L2
1 e R( LL11+L2L2 )t

R ( L1 + L2 )

71

i2 ( t ) =

L1
1 e R( LL11+L2L2 )t

R ( L1 + L2 )

6.8.7
S 2 S1 0 t1
S 2 0 t i

 i ( t )

0 t t1

i (t ) =

1 e ( R1+LR2 )t

R1 + R2

t > t1 i

i ( t t1 ) = Ke

R2 ( t t1 )
L

t = t1

i (t ) =

1 e ( R1+LR2 )t1

R1 + R2

K=

1 e ( R1+LR2 )t1

R1 + R2

t > t1 i

i ( t t1 ) =

1 e ( R1+LR2 )t1 e R2(Lt t1)

R1 + R2

0 t i 6.8.7
l b N a

6.8.8

45 R1
R2

1
2
3

M=

a 4 0 2
8b 2 R1 R2l

1 R2 L i2

i2 =

R2

1 e

R2t
L

L = 0 n 2V =

0 N 2 b 2
l

B = 0 ni ( t ) =

0 N

1 e
R2l

R2lt

0 N 2 b2

( t ) = a 2 cos 45 =

R lt
22 2
R2t
2 0 N
2 0 N

a 2 1 e 0N b =
a 2 1 e L
2 R2l

2 R2l

2 =

d
2 a 2 RL2t
=
e
2 Nb 2
dt

i1 =

2
R1

2 a 2 RL2t
e
2 Nb 2

Pm =

2 a 4 RL2t
e
2 Nb 2 R1

M = pm B =

R t
R t
2R t
2 a 4 0 N
1 0 2 a 4 RL2t
L2
L2
2

=
sin
45
1
e
e
e e L
2
2
2 Nb R1 R2
2 b R1 R2l

M pm B
0
M

R t
dM 0 2 a 4 R2 RL2t
L2
= 2
e 1 2e
dt b R1 R2l L

t =

R2t
L

L
1
t =
ln 2 M T t
2
R2

L
ln 2
R2

d 2M
dt 2

t=

L
ln 2
R2

<0

L
ln 2 M
R2

t =

M=

a 4 0 2
8b 2 R1 R2l

6.9.1 RC 99%

duc
+ uc =
dt

RC

d ( uc )
1
=
dt
uc
RC

ln ( uc ) =

1
t+K
RC

K t=0 uc =0

K = ln

ln

uc
1
=
t

RC

uc

=e

t
RC

uc = 1 e

t
RC

1 e

t
RC

uc

= 0.99

= ln 0.01 = 4.6

6.9.2 C R1 R2 S uc
ic

 uc

uc = Ke

RtC
2

uc

uc =

R2
R1 + R2

Rt C
2

ic

ic = C

duc
t

=
e R2C
dt
R1 + R2

ic
6.9.3 R Q0
0 t

q ( t ) = C + ( Q0 C ) e

t
RC

6.9.1 uc

1
t+K
RC
Q
uc ( 0 ) = 0
C
ln ( uc ) =

ln 0 = K
C

ln

uc
1
=
t
Q
RC
C
0

uc

=e
Q
C

t
RC

uc =

q (t )
t
C

q ( t ) = C + ( Q0 C ) e

t
RC

6.9.4 100V 10 F 10 k

1
2
3

i (0) =

u (0) 100V
=
= 102 A
R
10k

q(t ) = q0 e

t
RC

t = t1 q q0 0.5
t

1
RC

q
= 0.5
q0

t1 = ( ln 0.5) RC 0.07 s
3

1 q 2 (t ) 1 (q0 e RC ) 2 q02 RC2 t

2t
=
=
= We (0)e RC
We (t ) =
e
2 C
2
C
2C
t = t2 We (t2 ) We (0) 0.5
2t

RC2

We (t2 )
= 0.5
We (0)

t2 =

RC
( ln 0.5) 0.035 s
2

6.9.5 = 10 V, R1 = 20 , R2 = 20 , C = 10 F

1 2 C uc
2 C

1
t > 0

ln ( uc ) =

1
t+K
RC


R1
R2
K = ln
= ln

R1 + R2

R1 + R2

R1

uc =

R1 + R2

t
RC

C uc

t
R1
uc = 1
e R1C
R1 + R2

t = 2 2 C

uc = 9.46

2 C C

1
We = C 2 = 5 104 J
2
6.9.6 R1 = R2 = R4 = 5k R3 = 10k , c = 10 F U CD = 10V
S 0.01mA

R1 R2 R3

R=

( R1 + R2 ) R3 = 5k
( R1 + R2 ) + R3

S R R4

uc = U C 0 e

( R+ Rt )C
4

iC = C

duc
U C 0 ( R+ Rt 4 )C
=
e
dt
R + R4

t = t1 0.01mA

t1 = 0.1( ln102 ) s = 0.46s

6.9.7 i1 i2 i3

6.9.7 e

 R2

e = U0 =

R2
R1 + R2

Re =

R1 R2

R1 + R2

6.9.7 Re C uC ( 0 ) = 0
uC

uC = e 1 e

RtC
e

i2 = C

duC RR11+RR22 t
= e
dt
R1

6.9.7 R2

i3 =

R +R
uC
1 2t

=
1 e R1R2C
R2 R1 + R2

R1

i1 = i2 + i3 =

R2 RR11R+2RC2 t
1 + e

R1 + R2
R1

6.10.1 10 F 100V 100 0.4H

RLC
1
2

C R L

R
= 125s 1
2L

1
= 500s 1 > RLC
LC

1 R =
= 0

2L

R
1
=
2L
LC

R =

4L
= 400
C

R = R R = 300
2 R
C = 0

R
1
=
2L
LC

C =

4L
= 160 F
R2

C = C C = 150 F
6.10.2

LC L=20Mh, C = 2.0 F C L L

C t1

u = U 0 cos t

i=

dqC
du
= C C = CU 0 sin t = I 0 sin t
dt
dt

1
1
We = Cu 2 = CU 0 2 cos 2 t
2
2

Wm =

1 2 1
Li = LI 0 2 sin 2 t
2
2

t = t1 We ( t1 ) = Wm ( t1 )

1
1
CU 0 2 cos 2 t1 = LI 0 2 sin 2 t1
2
2

 I 0 = CU 0 =

LC

sin 2 t = cos 2 t

t1 =

t1 =

T
8

t1 =

=
LC = 1.57 104 s
4 4

6.11.1 10mH 4A

Wm =

1 2 1
2
LI = (10 103 H ) ( 4 A ) = 8 102 J
2
2
4

6.11.2 0.25m 5 10 m 2500

2

0.2A

N2
L = 0 n Sl = 0
S
l
2

Wm =

1 2 0 N 2 S 2
LI =
I = 3.14 104 J
2
2l

6.11.3 A B A

4 103 H 3AB 9 103 H 5A

A B M =

LA LB

Wm =

1
1
LA I A 2 + LB I B 2 +
2
2

LA LB I A I B

Wm = 0.22 J
6.11.4 L1 L2 I Wm
4

L1 L2 I L1 = 4 10 H , L2 = 9 10 H I=4A Wm

Wm =

1
1
L1 I12 + L2 I 2 2 + MI1 I 2
2
2

M = L1 L2

Wm =

1
1
( L1 + L2 ) I 2 + L1 L2 I 2 =
2
2

Wm = 0.02 J

( L ) +(
2

L2

1
+ 2 L1 L2 I 2 =

L1 + L2

I2


7.1.1 R M z

= M n

= Mk r = M sin e

M =
712

pm = pm = M

= M n

4
R3
3

O B M

dI = ds = Rd = MR sin d

dB0 =

r 2 dI

2 (r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2

R2 = r 2 + z2
dB =
B =

0
2R

0
2

r
= sin
R

sin 2 dI

sin d =
M cos ( sin 2 + 2 )
2
3
0
3

2
0 M
3
2
B = 0 M
3

713 1

H dl = I i

H l = NI H =

N
I
l

0 rN

B = H B = 0 rH =

2 I 0 B0
B0 l = 0 NI B0 =

0 N
l

B0 dl = 0 I i

B
B = B B0 =

0 r N
l

0 N
l

I=

0 N I
l

(ur 1)

 =1.05T
714

H dl = I i

r L
r < R1 H 2 r =

Ir
Ir
I
r 2 H =
B = 1 H = 1 2
2
2
2 R1
2 R1
R1

R1 < r < R2 H 2 r = I

I
2 r

H
= B
= 2 H
= 2

2 r

r > R2 H 2 r = I I

H=
715

0
2 r

B =0

r L

r < R1

H dl = I i

H 2 r =

I
Ir

r 2 H =
2
2 R12
R1

B = 0 r1 H =

0 r Ir

2 R12
1

R1 < r < R2 H 2 r = I
H =

I
2 r

B = 0 r2 H =

R2 < r > R3 H 2 r = I
H =

I
2 r

(1

B = 0 r1 H =

0 r I

2 r
2

I
( r 2 R22 )
R R22
2
3

I ( R32 r 2 )
r 2 R22

)
=
R32 R22
2 r ( R32 R22 )

0 r ( R32 r 2 ) I

2 r ( R32 R22 )
1

r > R3 H 2 r = I I H = 0 B = 0
716

B = 0 B

 R1 R2

B=0 ABCD AB= h BC= y

j = E

H al = I = js

Hh = E hy

H = Ey

B = H = 0 r Ey
B = 0 r Ey

ABEFA AB= h

H dl = I = jhR2 H = ER2

H 2 = ER2 B2 = H 2 = 0 r2 ER2
B=O L2

H dl = I = jhR1 H1 = ER1 B1 = 0 r1 ER1

H B E
B
B = B0 + Bi + B2
B1 = B2

0 r ER1 = 0 r ER2
1

r R1 = r (b R1 ) R1 =
1

r b

r + r
2

H1 = E

r b
r b 0 r E
B1 =

r + r
r + r
2

H 2 = E (b

r b
r b

)=E
r + r
r + r
2

r r b

r + r
1

716

B2 = 0 E

H dl = I i

r < R1 H 2 r =

Ir
Ir
I
B = 1 H = 1 2
r 2 H =
2
2
2 R1
2 R1
R1

 R1 < r < R2 : H 2 r = I H =

r > R2 : H =
2 M 1 =

R1

B1

2 r

I
2 r

1 = M 1 M 2 =

B1

B2

2 I

2 r

0 I

2 r

B = 0 H =

H1 M 2 =

B = 2 H =

H 2 M = 0

H1

B2

+ H2

1 1 I
I
1 2 I
I

+
0 2 R1 2 R1 0 2 R1 2 R1

1 2 + 1)
2 R1 0
0
I ( 1 2 )
=
2 R10

R2 2 = M 2 M = M 2 =
=

B2

H2

I
I
1 2 I

=
2 1
0 2 R2 2 R2 2 R2 0

718 B1n = Bn = B cos

B1t

= o Bt =
B1t =
B sin
Bt
o
o

B=

2
2
Bn
+ Bt
= B 2 cos 2 +

= B cos 2 +

2 2
sin
02

719 1

R 2 H1n = R 2

R H 2 n = R
2

cos R 2

cos

B
cos
ur 0

= R

2 2 2
B sin
02

B
u0 r

cos =

r 1 2
R B cos
0 r

H 2 n 1

B
=
H 2 n = 1 H1n = 1
cos
H1n 2
2
r 0

Bdl = lB2t + B2 n

d
d
d
d
+ B1n + lB1t B1n B2 n
2
2
2
2

= lB2t + lB1t


731

B1t 1
=
= 0 B2t = r B1t
B2t 2 0 r
Bdl = l ( B sin r B sin ) = lB sin (1 r )

d = 15cm S= 7cm N = 500

2

I=0.6A

r = 800

= BS = 0 r HS H

H dl = I i H 2 r = NI H =

= 0ur S

NI
2 d

(2) = 0ur S

d
I =
0ur SN

NI
NI
=
2 r 2 d

2
4

= 4.48 10 (Wb )

NI
d

I = 0.43( A)
732

H dl = I i H 2 r = NI H =

= BS = HS = S

NI

2 r

NI
2 r
=

2 r
SNI
4

I=0.63 = 3.24 10 (Wb )

= 2.7 10
I=4.7

Wb

( A.m)

r =

= 2200
0

=6.18 10-4Wb

= 6.9 10

Wb

( A.m)

r =

= 550
0

 m = NI = 150
751

H dl = I i

Hl = NI H =

NI
H = 3

B=1
3

= BS = 1.6 10 (
752 l0

m = ( Rm + Rm )
1

= BS (

= B(

0 S

(l l0 )
)
S

l l0
)
B
H

B=I l =050 l0 = 1 10 H = 3
3

m = 930

m = NI I =
753 Rm = Rm1 +

Rm1 = Rm2 = Rm3 =

Rm0
30

m
N

= 1.9

Rm2 ( Rm3 + Rm0 )

Rm2 + ( Rm3 + Rm0 )

Rm =

63Rm0
960

NI = Rm 1
2 Rm2 = 3 ( Rm3 + Rm0 ) 2
3 + 2 = 1 3
3 = 0 SH 4
14
H =

Rm2
Rm1 + Rm2 + R0

5
H = 4.3 10

30 NI
NI

=
0 SRm
63l

= 300

761 B =

2R

m = 0.63 J

762

0 I

m =

m3

1 B 2 0 0 I 2
(
)
=
2 0
2 2R

r L

H dl = I i H 2 r = I H =

m = BH = 0 r H 2 =

1
2

1
2

2 r

0 r I 2

8 2 r 2

m = 1.6 104 r 2

Wm = wm dv = wm d 2 rdr =
=

R2

R1

0 r I 2
l 2 rdr
8 2 r 2

0 r I 2l R dr 0 r I 2l R2
3
=
ln
W = 1.9 10

R
r
R1
4
4
2

763

L= 2 r

H =

H dl = I i H 2 r =

Ir
Ir
B = 0 r H = 0 r 2
2
2 R
2 R
1
2

m = BH =

dr = 2 rldr
Wm =

m dr =

l = 1

I
r2
2
R

0 r I 2 r 2

8 2 R 4

0 r I 2 r 2
2 rldr
8 2 R 4

r = 1 W0 =

Wm 0 I 2
=

16
l

911 E = 720sin(105 t )
1 D = 0 E jd =

D
= 0 720 105 cos105 t
T
D
D 2
r
ds =
t
t

H dl = ( j + jd ) ds H 2 r =

H =

r D r
= 0 720 105 cos105 t
2 t 2

720 105
B = 0 H = 0 0
r cos105 t
2
2

r = 10 t = 0 B = 1.3 10
2

11

P B

r = 10 t = 5 10 B = 0
912 q = qm sin t
1 D = 0 =
2

q0
D 1 q0 qm
cos t
jd =
=
=
A
t A t
A

H dl = ( j + jd ) ds

r qm
r D
B = 0 H = 0
cos t
2 A
2 t
u
u
913 E = D = 0 E = 0
d
d

H =

id =

914

= iR + U C = CR

ln( U C ) =

d 0
du
D
du 0
du
=
ds = 0
ds =
s=c

dt
t
d dt
dt d
dt

dU C
+ U0
dt

dU C

dt

RC

t
+ A uc = A1e RC
RC

t = 0 U C =0 uc = (1 e
id = c

t
RC

duc RCt

= e t = 0 id =
R
dt
R

id = 2

 2 id =

t
RC

t = 6 10 id = 0.74

3 t = 10 = 10 RC = 6 10
5

931 1 r L

E dl =

E=

B
B
B = 0 ni
ds E 2 r = r 2
t
t

r 0 n di
E L
2 dt

2 = E H = EH sin 90 = E

0 rn 2i di r 0 n di
2

dt

2 dt

932

H .dl = I

A H 2 a = I

H=

I
2 a

25.1
= 400 A
M
2 102

I
E
E = kj = k
= 7.5 102 V
2
M
a
k
C = EH = 30.1W

M2
L
2
2

2 P = I R = I K
a2

B j =

P = 2 aL =

KI 2
KI 2 L
2

=
aL
2 2 a 3
a2

933 =

P
1
1 0 2 1 0 2
= EH =
E =
H P = P10 0 0
2
4 r
2
2 0
2 0

E =

0 P
P
H = 2 0

2
0 4 r
0 4 r 2

r = 10 P = 100 10 0 0 = 10
E = 2.5V

0 0

H = 8.2 10 T

2 c

2 3 108
= 2 r =
=
= 3.8 1015 s 1
9

500 10