Modified ANOVA table for estimating the components of variance in the

ONE-Stage nested design.

Sourc
e of
variati
on

Mean
Square
Sum of Squares (SS)

Dayto-Day

SSD = ( x i . x ..)

Within
-run

SSW = (x ij xi . )2

df

SS
MS=
df

I 1

I ( J 1)

s WR=

IJ 1

s TOT =

i=1

i=1 j=1

Total

SST = (x ij x ..)2

x ij = observation on day i,

SSD
(I 1)

s 2D =

i =1 j=1

Quantity estimated
by MS
2
WR
s = +
J
2
D

2
D

SSW
I (J 1)

s 2WR= 2WR

SST
(IJ1)

s 2TOT = 2WR + 2D

Estimates of Variance components

replicate j

s 2WR
^ =s
J
2
D

i =1,I days

j =1,J replicates per run

2
D

^ 2WR =s 2WR
J

x ij

x i. = j=1
J

^ 2TOT =^ 2D + ^ 2WR=s 2D

= average of all

replicates on day i

xij x i .

x ..= i=1

j=1

IJ

= i=1
I

= average of

all results over all days.

(j)
R1
(i) D
1

(j)
R2

( IJJ )
(IJ 1)

(j)
RJ

x i.

( J 1 ) 2
s WR
J

(i)
D2

x i.

(i)
D3

x i.

(i)
D4

x i.

x i.

..

x i.

(i) DI

x i.
xj .

xj .

xj .

xj .

x ..

Example: A control sample is analyzed in duplicate in each analytical run with one run performed daily for 10 days. (Although
the NCCLS standards have recommended that variance component studies be conducted over 20 days to ensure
adequate representation of day-to-day variation, we have chosen this smaller example for ease of illustration)
SSD
SSW
SST

x i.

(j)
Rep
1

(j)
Rep 2

(i) D 1

7.6

7.5

7.55

-0.06

0.0036

0.05

0.05

0.002
5

0.0025

0.005

(i) D 2

7.4

7.6

7.5

-0.11

0.0121

-0.1

0.1

0.01

0.01

0.02

(i) D 3

7.6

7.5

7.55

-0.06

0.0036

0.05

0.05

0.0025

0.005

(i) D 4

7.6

7.7

7.65

0.04

0.0016

0.05

0.05

0.0025

0.005

(i) D 5

7.7

7.6

7.65

0.04

0.0016

0.05

0.0025

0.005

0.09

(i) D 6

7.7

7.6

7.65

0.04

0.0016

0.05

0.0025

0.005

0.09

(i) D 7

7.9

7.8

7.85

0.24

0.0576

0.05

0.05
0.05
0.05

0.002
5
0.002
5
0.002
5
0.002
5
0.002
5

0.0025

0.005

0.29

0.19

(i) D 8

7.6

7.6

7.6

-0.01

0.0001

(i) D 9

7.5

7.3

7.4

-0.21

0.0441

0.1

-0.1

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01
0.11

(i) D
10

7.8

7.6

7.7

0.09

0.0081

0.1

-0.1

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01
0.31
0.01

7.6
4

7.5
8

x i. x ..

( x i. x ..)2

(x ij xi . )2

x ij x i .

x. j

7.61

Day-toDay

2
D

Sum of
Squares
(SS)

df

SSD=0.134

i=1 j=1

df

0.0149
ANOVA OUTPUT
Mean
Quantity
Square
estimated
by
SS
MS=
MS
df
2

s D =0.0
149

s D = D +

2
WR
J

2
WR

0.01
0.21
0.01
0.01

0.19

0.11
0.01
0.11
0.09
0.01
0.01

0.000
1
0.044
1
0.000
1
0.000
1
0.008
1
0.008
1
0.084
1
0.000
1
0.012
1
0.036
1
I

0.09
10
0.009

( xij x .. )2

(x ij x.. )2

j=1

(x ij xi .)2

i=1

df=

Source of
variation

(xi .x ..)2=0.134

( xij x i .)x2ij x ..

j=1

0.0121

0.0122

0.0001

0.0442

0.0121

0.0122

0.0081

0.0082

0.0001

0.0082

0.0001

0.0082

0.0361

0.1202

0.0001

0.0002

0.0961

0.1082

0.0001

0.0362

(x ij x.. )2

0.358

i=1 j=1

df

19
0.01884
2

2
TOT

Estimates of Variance components

100 D
^
C
V WR=
=1.34
x

s 2WR
^ =s
=0.0104
J
2
D

Withinrun

SSW=0.09

10

s 2WR =0.0

Total

^ 2WR =s 2WR
s 2WR= 2WR

SST=0.358

19

0.0188

s 2TOT = 2WR + 2D

2
^ WR =0.0090

09

s TOT =

2
D

(IJJ )
( IJ1)

^ 2TOT =^ 2D + ^ 2WR=0.0194

100 WR
^
C
V WR=
=1.25
x

100 TOT
^
C
V TOT =
=1.83
x

Modified ANOVA table for estimating the components of variance in the TWO-Stage
nested design.
Mean
Sourc
Square
e of
Quantity estimated
Sum of Squares (SS)
df
SS
variati
by MS
MS=
df
on
I

Dayto-Day

SSD= ( x i ..x ... )2

RuntoRun

SSR= ( x ij. x i.. )2

J

SSW = (x ijk x ij . )2

Total

SST = ( x ijk x... )2

IJ (K1) s WR=

i=1 j=1 k=1

IJK 1

x ijk

i =1,I days

j =1,J runs per day

k =1,K replicates per run

^ 2D=s 2D

x ij. = k=1
K
J

s 2R
J

2
R

^ 2TOT =^ 2D + ^ 2R + ^ 2WR

j=1 k=1

JK
J

x ijk

x ...= i=1

j=1 k=1

IJK

Rep1 (K)
D-1 (I)

s 2TOT = 2WR + 2R

^ 2WR =s 2WR

x ijk

Run-1
(J)
Run-2
(J)
Run-3
(J)

2
R

s 2WR= 2WR

2
R

s2WR
^ =s
K
2
R

xijk

x i..=

SST
(IJK 1)

2
D

K ( IJ1) 2 JK (I 1)
+
(IJK 1) D ( IJK 1)

Estimates of Variance components

2
D

SSW
IJ ( K1)

s 2TOT =

i =1 j=1 k=1

2WR
s = +
K

s 2R =

i=1 j=1

SSR
I (J 1)

I ( J 1)

Within
-run

2R 2WR
s = + +
J JK

s 2D =

i=1

SSD
(I 1)

I 1

Rep2 (K)

Rep3 (K)

XXij.
XXij.
XXij.

XXi..

D-2 (I)
D-3 (I)
D-4 (I)

Run-1
(J)
Run-2
(J)
Run-3
(J)
Run-1
(J)
Run-2
(J)
Run-3
(J)
Run-1
(J)
Run-2
(J)
Run-3
(J)

XXij.
XXij.

XXi..

XXij.
XXij.
XXij.

XXi..

XXij.
XXij.
XXij.
XXij.

XXi..