Standards Specs and Procedures PDF

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures
Standards, specifications
and procedures
Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures
slide # 1
Standards and coating systems
slide # 2
SPECIFICATIONS
Why make a specification?
It clarifies what the client shall receive in
return for paying the quoted price
(expectations)
It states what the contractor will have to
do in order to get paid (obligations)
The specification provides a contractual
document for all the technical aspects of
the operation in order to reduce disputes
to a minimum
slide # 3
Who makes the specification?
The
The
The
The
The
owner
consultant
management company
contractor
paint supplier
They may all have a greater or smaller input

to the content in the final specification
slide # 4
Who decides on the specification?
The final decision is with the one paying

the bill!
slide # 5
What should a surface treatment

specification contain?
Surface preparation
Paint application
Quality control / equipment
Repair
Safety aspects
Qualification of material and personnel
Documentation / reports
slide # 6
Surface preparation
Pre blasting preparations
Approved surface preparation methods
Demands of surface cleanliness and
roughness
Methods of control / acceptance
Demands of environmental conditions
slide # 7
Quality control
What tests shall be carried out?

What methods are to be used?
What are the acceptance criteria?
Consequences if work is non-conforming?
Comments
slide # 8
PROCEDURES
ISO 12944:
The part of the document that describes
the way the paint work is to be carried
out, in conformity with the project
specification and the protective paint
system specification, as well as with the
inspection and assessment specification
slide # 9
Specifications and procedures

Specification
A document stating what we wish to achieve
how and at what quality level a certain piece of work must be
carried out
Procedure
A document explaining how we shall achieve the
requirements in a specification
Processing instruction, check points, quality control
Procedure
how
(to meet)
Specification
requirements
slide # 10
STANDARDS
Refer to:
NS 476:2004,
Annex A.5 (page 25)
Corrosion Protection,
Inspectors book of reference
Chapter 13 (pages 310 to 369)
Appendix to Chapter 13 (pages 370 to 393)
slide # 11
Surface preparation
Standard for deciding rust grades
ISO 8501 - 1
Rust grade A, B, C and D
slide # 12
ISO 8501-1
Evaluation of rust grades
Rust grade A
Rust grade B
Cd-0631-59
Cd-0631-58
Rust grade C
Rust grade D
Cd-0631-57
Cd-0631-56
slide # 13
Mill scale on pipes

Corrosion and mill scale, rust grade B
Rust and mill scale must be removed prior to paint application.
Mill scale can be removed by blast-cleaning
Cd-4930-86
slide # 14
ISO 8501 - 1
Standard for deciding preparation grades
Sa:
Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 and 3)
St.:
Hand and power tool cleaning

(grades 2 and 3)
Fl:
Flame cleaning (one grade)
slide # 15
ISO 8501-1
Hand and Power Tool Cleaning (St)
St 2
Thorough hand and power tool cleaning.
When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free
from visible oil, grease and dirt, and poorly adhering mill scale,
rust, paint coatings and foreign matter.
St 3
Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning.
As for St 2, but the surface shall be treated much more
thoroughly to give a metallic sheen arising from the metallic
substrate.
slide # 16
ISO 8501-1
Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa)
Sa 1 Light blast cleaning
When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible
oil, grease and dirt and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint
coatings and foreign matter.
Sa 2 Thorough blast cleaning

oil, grease and dirt and from most of the mill scale, rust, paint coatings
and foreign matter. Any residual contamination shall be firmly adhering.
slide # 17
ISO 8501-1
Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa)
Sa 2 Very thorough blast cleaning.
oil, grease and dirt and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint
coatings and foreign matter. Any remaining traces of contamination shall
show only as slight stains in the form of spots or stripes.
Sa 3 Blast cleaning to visually clean steel.

oil, grease and dirt, and shall be free from mill scale, rust, paint coatings
and foreign matter. It shall have a uniform metallic colour.
slide # 18
ISO 8501 - 1
Left: Blast standard agreement
Right: Hand tooling of C steel to St 2
4932-76
0631-55
slide # 19
ISO 8501 - 2
Surface preparation
As for ISO 8501-1, but:

For steel where previous coating has been removed
locally, not completely.
slide # 20
10
ISO 8501 - 2
PSa
Localised blast cleaning

(grades 2, 2 and 3)
PSt
Localised hand and power tool cleaning

(grades 2 and 3)
PMa
Localised machine abrading (one grade)
slide # 21
ISO 8501 - 3
Surface preparation. Design

Visual assessment of surface design
Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and
surface imperfections.
slide # 22
11
Waterjetting
ISO 8501-4 Preparation grades of coated and uncoated
steel substrates after removal of rust and previous
coatings by hugh=pressure water-jetting
Photographic standard in progress, showing grades DC A, DC
B, DC C1, DC C2, DC D
SSPC VIS-4 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel
Surfaces prepared by waterjetting.
WJ 1
WJ 2
WJ 3
WJ 4
Surface free of all rust, coatings, mill scale and

foreign matter.
95% removed.
Two thirds removed.
All loose rust, mill scale and coatings removed.
slide # 23
ISO 8502
Assessment of surface cleanliness (1 of 2)
Part 1 Field test for soluble iron corrosion products
Part 2 Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned
surfaces.
Part 3 Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for
painting (pressure- sensitive tape method)
Part 4 Guidance on the estimation of the probability of
condensation prior to paint application.
Part 5 Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces
prepared for painting. Ion detector tube method.
slide # 24
12
ISO 8502
Assessment of surface cleanliness (2 of 2)
Part 6 Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis.
The Bresle method.
Part 9 Conductometric measurements of soluble salts
slide # 25
ISO 8502-3
Assessment of dust
Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting.
Tape
Blast cleaned steel
Approved
Not approved
slide # 26
13
ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
Assessment of dust on
steel surface prepared for painting
1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
corresponding to pictorial references
2. Dust size classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
slide # 27
ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
Left: Dust on steel beam
Right: Control of dust according to standard
0866-14
0866-13
slide # 28
14
ISO 8502 - 3
Assessment of dust
Assessment of dust on steel

surface prepared for painting
1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5 corresponding to
pictorial references
2. Dust size classes:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Inspection / Dust_control1
slide # 29
ISO 8503
Surface roughness of blast-cleaned steel
Part 1
Part 2
Specifications and definitions for ISO surface

profile comparatives for the assessment of
abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces.
Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive
blast- cleaned steel - Comparator procedure.
Part 3
Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile

comparators and for the determination of surface
profile- Focusing microscope procedure.
Part 4
Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile

comparators and for the determination of
surface profile - Stylus instrument procedure
slide # 30
15
ISO 8503
Surface roughness
Example of a reference
comparator
Surface profile comparator
comprising four segments.
Grit (G)
Shot (S)
Check if the profile is
according to specification and
the paint manufacturers
recommendation
Cd-4932-86
slide # 31
ISO 8503 - 1
Limits of profile grades

a) Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with grit abrasives
Fine (G)
Medium (G)
Coarse (G)
Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to,

but excluding segment 2 (25-50 micr)
b) Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with shot abrasives

Fine (S)
Medium (S)
Coarse (S)

slide # 32
16
ISO 8503 - 1
Nominal values and tolerances

a) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with grit abrasives
Segment
1
2
3
4
Nominal reading
m
25
60
100
150
Tolerance
m
3
10
15
20
b) Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with shot abrasives

Segment
1
2
3
4
Nominal reading
m
25
40
70
100
Tolerance
m
3
5
10
15
slide # 33
Ry the maximum peak-to-valley

height occuring over a sampling length
slide # 34
17
Ry the maximum peak-to-valley height

occuring over a sampling length
slide # 35
Ra average roughness
Ra = the mean distance of all points on the profile to the centre line
Centre line
slide # 36
18
ISO 12944
General standard for corrosion protection:

Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection
of steel structures by protective paints systems.
Part
Part
Part
Part
1
2
3
4
General introduction.
Classification of environments.
Design considerations.
Types of surface and surface preparation.
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Protective paint systems.

Laboratory performance test methods.
Execution and supervision of paint work.
Part 8
Development of specifications for new work

and maintenance.
slide # 37
ISO 12944, CORROSION CLASSES
slide # 38
19
ISO 12944, CORROSION CLASSES
slide # 39
slide # 40
20
Checklist for coating selection
slide # 41
ISO 12944, SYSTEM EXAMPLES
slide # 42
21
ISO 12944, SYSTEM EXAMPLES
slide # 43
ISO 11124
Content of the standard

Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
The standard consists of 5 parts
Part 1
Introduction
Part 2
Chilled iron grit
Part 3
High carbon cast steel shot and grit
Part 4
Low carbon cast steel shot
Part 5
Cut steel wire
slide # 44
22
ISO 11125

Methods of test for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Sampling
Determination of particle size distribution
Determination of hardness
Determination of apparent density
Determination of defective particles
and microstructure
Determination of matter
Determination of moisture
Abrasive mechanical properties
slide # 45
ISO 11126

Specification for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive.
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
Part 10
Introduction
Silica sand
Copper refinery slag
Coal furnace slag
Nickel refinery slag
Iron furnace slag
Fused aluminium oxide
Olivine sand
Staurolite
Garnet
slide # 46
23
ISO 11127

Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7
Part 8
Sampling
Determination of particle size distribution
Determination of apparent density
Determination of hardness by a glass slide test
Determination of moisture content
Determination of water soluble
contamination by conductive measurement
Determination of water soluble chlorides
Abrasive mechanical properties
slide # 47
Contamination of abrasives
The abrasives can be contaminated with:
Water
Oil and grease
Chlorides
Sulphates
slide # 48
24
ISO 11127 - 5
Content of humidity of the abrasives
Laboratory test
Requirement: Maximum 0.2 %
slide # 49
ISO 11127 - 6
Content of water soluble contaminants

Conductivity measurements
A sample of 100 g. of the abrasives

100 ml of water
Shake for 5 minutes and let rest for 1 hour
Shake again for another 5 minutes
Measure the conductivity at a temperature
of 10 oC
Requirement: Maximum conductivity of 25 mS/m
slide # 50
25
How to check the abrasives

According to ASTM D 4940
Mix 300 ml of abrasive and 300 ml water
Stir for 1 min. let stand for 8 min., stir again for 1 min.
Conductivity (AB-1)
Fill the liquid for test
and measure the
conductivity.
Max 25 mS/m
Oil content (AB-1)

No presence of oil,
either on top or as an
emulsion after 30 min.
slide # 51
Is the abrasive free from

oil and grease ?
Put a handful of the abrasives into a
beaker
Pour clean, fresh water into the beaker

Shake the mixture
A film of oil will form on top of the
water if oil or grease are present
This is of particular importance to

check when abrasives are recycled
slide # 52
26
Is the abrasive free from

oil and grease ?
ASTM D 4940
Put a handful of the
abrasives into a beaker
Pour clean, fresh water

into the beaker
Shake the mixture

A film of oil will form on
top of the water if oil or
grease are present
Shopprimer/ Abrasive_test1
slide # 53
ISO 2808 - 97
Determination of film thickness
(1 of 2)
Method 1:
Determination of wet film thickness.
Method 2:
Determination of dry-film thickness by

calculation from mass
Measurement of dry-film thickness by
mechanically contacting method
Measurement of dry-film thickness by the
profilometer method
Measurement of dry-film thickness using
microscope method
Method 3:
Method 4:
Method 5:
slide # 54
27
ISO 2808 - 97
Determination of film thickness:
(2 of 2)
Method 6:
Magnetic method
Method 7:
Eddy current method
Method 8:
Non-contact methods
Method 9:
Gravimetric method (dissolving methods)
Method 10:
Determination of dry-film thickness on

blast-cleaned steel substrates
slide # 55
ISO 4628
Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings

Designation of intensity, quantity and size of
common types of defect
slide # 56
28
ISO 4628
Content of the Standard
The standard consists of six parts

Part 1
General principles and rating schemes
Part 2
Designation of degree of blistering
Part 3
Part 4
Designation of degree of rusting

Designation of degree of cracking
Part 5
Designation of degree of flaking
Part 6
Designation of degree of chalking
slide # 57
ISO 4628 / 1
Uniform deterioration.
Rating scheme for designation the intensity of deterioration
consisting of a uniform change in the
visual appearance of the paint coating.
Rating
Intensity of change
unchanged, i.e. no perceptible change
very slight, i.e. just perceptible change
slight i.e. clearly perceptible change
moderate, i.e. very clearly perceptible change
considerable, i.e. pronounced change
severe, i.e. intense change
slide # 58
29
ISO 4628 / 1
Scattered defects.
Rating scheme for designating the quantity of defects consisting
of discontinuities or other local imperfections of the paint coating.
Rating
Quantity of defects
(relative to a test surface area of 1 to 2 dm)
none, i.e. no detectable defects
very few, i.e. some just significant defects
few, i.e. small but significant amount of defects
Moderate, i.e. medium amount of defects
considerable, i.e. serious amount of defects
dense, i.e. dense pattern of defects
slide # 59
ISO 4628 / 1
Rating scheme for designating
the size (order of magnitude) of defects
Class
Size of defect
not visible under 10 X magnification
only visible under magnification up to 10 X
just visible with normal corrected vision
clearly visible with normal corrected vision (up to 0,5 mm)
range 0,5 to 5 mm
larger than 5 mm
slide # 60
30
ISO 4628 / 1
Test report
The test report shall contain at least the following
information:
a) the type and identification of the product tested
b) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/1)
c) the type of defect
d) the intensity of the defect (table 1) or,
e) the quantity of the defect (table 2)
f) the rating, if any, of the size of the defect in brackets
preceded by the letter S.
Examples:
cratering of top coat : 2 (S3)
whitening : 4
rivelling : 3 (S2)
slide # 61
ISO 4628 / 3
Designation of degree of rusting
Rating
Designate the degree of rust formation by reference to
the pictorial standards
Degree
Area rusted %
Ri 0
Ri 1
0,05
Ri 2
0,5
Ri 3
Ri 4
Ri 5
40/50
slide # 62
31
Assessment of area ratio

for coating breakdown
0.1 %
.
. .
. .
1.0 %
3.0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
slide # 63
Standards and coating systems
slide # 64
32
NORSOK STANDARD
M-501
Rev. 5, June 2004
Surface preparation and protective coating
This NORSOK standard is developed with broad petroleum industry participation by interested parties in the
Norwegian petroleum industry and is owned by the Norwegian petroleum industry represented by The Norwegian
Oil Industry Association (OLF) and Federation of Norwegian Manufacturing Industries (TBL). Please note that whilst
every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this NORSOK standard, neither OLF nor TBL or any of their
members will assume liability for any use thereof. Standards Norway is responsible for the administration and
publication of this NORSOK standard.
Standards Norway
Strandveien 18, P.O. Box 242
N-1326 Lysaker
NORWAY
Copyrights reserved
Telephone: + 47 67 83 86 00
Fax: + 47 67 83 86 01
Email: petroleum@standard.no
Website: www.standard.no/petroleum

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Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Standards and coating systems

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Who makes the specification?

They may all have a greater or smaller input

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Who decides on the specification?

The final decision is with the one paying

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

What should a surface treatment

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

What tests shall be carried out?

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Specifications and procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Standard for deciding rust grades

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Mill scale on pipes

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Standard for deciding preparation grades

Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 and 3)

Hand and power tool cleaning

Flame cleaning (one grade)

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Sa 2 Thorough blast cleaning

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Sa 3 Blast cleaning to visually clean steel.

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

As for ISO 8501-1, but:

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Localised blast cleaning

Localised hand and power tool cleaning

Localised machine abrading (one grade)

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Surface preparation. Design

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Surface free of all rust, coatings, mill scale and

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Blast cleaned steel

Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & procedures

Frosio course hand-out: Section 16A Standards, specs & procedures