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Copyright , 2015
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9, 15780
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ISBN: 978-960-603-213-4
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............................................................................................................................................... 7
1.......................................................................................................................................... 11
................................................................................................. 11
1.1. ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.1.1. ............................................................................................................. 12
1.1.2. ; .............................................................................................. 13
1.1.3. - ................................................................................................................................ 17
1.2. ...................................................................................................................... 19
1.2.1. ...................................................................................................... 19
1.2.2. ....................................................................................................... 19
1.3. ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.3.1. ................................................................................................................ 21
1.3.2. ................................................................. 22
1.3.3. ............................................................................. 24
1.3.4. Holmes ........................................................................................... 24
1.4. ........................................................................................................................................... 28
..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
2.......................................................................................................................................... 36
.......................................................................................... 36
2.1. ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
2.2. ................................................................ 36
2.2.1. .......................................... 37
2.3. .............................................................................................................. 38
2.3.1. .......................................................................................................... 39
2.3.2. ........................................................................................... 40
2.4. ....................................................................................................................................... 46
2.5. ............................................................................................................................................. 49
2.5.1. .................................................................................................................... 50
2.5.2. ......................................................................................... 52
2.6. ........................................................................................................................................... 53
2.6.1. ....................................................................................................................................................... 54
2.6.2. ............................................................................................................................................... 54
2.6.3. ................................................................................................................................................... 57
2.7. .............................................. 58
2.8. ........................................................................................................................................... 60
..................................................................................................................................................................... 62
............................................................................................................................................................................ 64
3
3.......................................................................................................................................... 69
....................................................................................... 69
3.1. ........................................................................ 69
3.1.1. ................................................................................................................................... 70
3.1.1.1. ............................................................................................................................ 71
3.1.1.2. ................................................................................................................... 74
3.1.1.3. ....................................................................................................................... 75
3.1.1.4. ........................................................................................................ 76
3.1.1.5. ....................................................................................................................... 78
3.1.2. ......................................................................... 79
3.1.2.1. .................................................................................................... 79
3.1.2.2. .................................................................................................................... 83
3.2. ........................................................................................... 86
3.2.1. ................................................................................................................................... 87
3.2.2. .................................................................................................................................. 91
/ ................................................................................................................................................... 95
.................................................................................................................................................... 100
4........................................................................................................................................ 103
H ........................................................................................ 103
4.1. ............................................... 103
4.1.1. .......................................... 103
4.1.2. : ...................................................... 105
4.2. ........................................................................................................................................ 107
4.2.1. Pierre Bourdieu ..................................................................................................................................................... 107
4.2.2. Niklas Luhmann.................................................................................................................................................... 109
4.2.3. : ............................................... 111
4.3. ........................................ 112
4.3.1. .................................................................................... 112
4.3.2. :
.................................................................................................................................................................................. 113
4.3.3. ...................................................................................................................................................... 121
................................................................................................................................................................... 122
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 127
5........................................................................................................................................ 129
H ..................................................................................... 129
5.1. : ...................................................... 129
5.2. ........................................................................................................................... 131
5.3. ................................................................................................................... 132
5.4. ................................................................................................. 134
5.5. .............................................................................. 136
4
5.5.1. Roman Jakobson............................................................................................................................................... 136

5.5.2. Roman Jakobson ......................................................................................... 137
5.5.3. Roman Jakobson ....................................................................................... 137
5.6. ............................................................. 138
5.7. .................................................................................... 139
5.8. ................................................................................................. 143
5.9. ................................................................................ 146
................................................................................................................................................................... 148
.................................................................................................................................................... 152
6........................................................................................................................................ 155
....................................................................................... 155
6.1. ............................................................................................................................................. 155
6.1.1. : ................................................................................................... 156
6.2. : ................................................................................................... 157
6.3. : ..................................................................................... 159
6.3.1. .............................................................................................. 159
6.3.2. ....................................................................................... 160
6.4. : ....................................................................... 164
6.4.1. ................................................................................. 164
6.4.2. ......................................................................... 165
6.4.2.1. ........................................................ 165
6.4.2.2. / ............................... 167
6.4.2.3. .................................................................................... 168
6.5. .................................................................................................................................. 169
6.6. ....................................................................................................................................... 170
................................................................................................................................................................... 171
.................................................................................................................................................. 175
...................................................................................................................................................... 175
7........................................................................................................................................ 179
H ..................................................................................... 179
7.1. : ..................................................................................... 179
7.1.1. .................................................... 179
7.1.2. : ................................................... 180
7.2. : .............................................................................................. 181
7.2.1. ......................................................................................... 181
7.2.2. .......................................................................................................................................................... 188
7.3. ............................................................................................................................. 202
7.3.1. , , ..................................... 202
7.3.2. / , ............................................................................ 209
7.4. ......................................................................................................................................................... 211
................................................................................................................................................................... 212
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 216
............................................................................................................................................................... 218

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The name and nature of Translation Studies.
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28

Baker, . (1997). Translation Studies. M. Baker (ed.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation
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propositions didactiques, Lille: Presses Universitaires, 223-261.
Bassnett, S. (1980). Translation Studies. Revised Edition. London and New York: Routledge.
Benjamin, W. (1923/1999). , * , . , :
.
Benveniste, E. (1974). Problmes de linguistique gnrale, Paris : Gallimard.
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Catford, J. C. (1965). Linguistic Theory of Translation. An Essay in Applied Linguistics, London: Oxford
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, . (1988). . : .
, . (1998).
, .
, . (2007. . . . .
(.), 20 ....., , : , 195-209.
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, 21: , 22: , 23: , 24: , 25: , 26: , 27: , 28: , 29: , 30:
2
.
: , ;
1. . (1996). Y . . : University Studio Press.
2. Vermeer H. (1989). Skopos and commission in translation action. A. (ed.), Readings in Translation
Theory. Helsinki: Oy Finn Lectura Ab, 173 187.
3. Yourcenar, M. (1958). Prface de la traduction des pomes de Constantin Cavafy. Marguerite Yourcenar,
Prsentation Critique de Constantin Cavafy, Paris: Gallimard.
4. Culioli, A. (1973). Sur quelques contradictions en linguistique. Communications no 20. Paris: Seuil, 83 90.
5. Guidre, M. (2008). Introduction la traductologie, Bruxelles: De Boeck.
6. Hugo, V. (1873). Prface de la nouvelle traduction de Shakespeare. William Shakespeare, uvres compltes,
traduction de Franois-Victor Hugo, 3me dition, Paris : Pagnerre.
/ 2
1: , 2: , 3: , 4: , 5: , 6:
3
) 1
,
2006 (http://www.frl.auth.gr/sites/trad_congress/index.htm.
Holmes, (),
() () .
1. : ,
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35
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(Jakobson, Nida, Newmark).

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traduction (1958) .
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de Saussure
. :
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37
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Pergnier (1981, . 258),
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(Martinet, Hjelmslev, Jespersen ),
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a Science of Translation (1964), ,

, , Chomsky.

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Linguistic Theory of Translation. An Essay in Applied Linguistics (1965),
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Jakobson (1959/2000) On linguistic aspects of translation.

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38
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. Munday, 2001/2002, Grammenidis, 2002 , 2011),
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smantique et expressive des deux noncs.
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. 107).
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39

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quand ils ils mont revue, deux ans aprs, dix-neuf ans.
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davantage de travaux forcs.
BAIIA: E , ;
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(J. Genet, Le Balcon / : 124/92)
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1942 .
, 1931.
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41
- Et tu las cru vraiment, Ekavi?

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de famille, pensai-je, et il rejette la faute sur la Sainte.
(. , : 77/91)
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je le surpris agenouill devant l'iconostase.
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42
10. Dans le rituel aragonais, on relve, entre autres, des pomes d'Isaac Halevi, de Joseph Bakri, d'Isaac
Benghiat, etc.
, , ,
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(J. Nehama, Histoire des Isralites de Salonique : Tome III, 194 /. 1, 320)
11. On enregistre un grand nombre de legs immobiliers

12. On tient de moins en moins compte des droits des occupants
..
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13. Cette nouvelle unit synagogale vit le jour dans des conditions qu'on n'a pas pu exactement dterminer.
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le romaniote et le sfaradite.
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.
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,
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moins on les rprouve unanimement et sans rserve.
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44
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J. Delisle &
al (1999/2008) ):
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:
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Abitur baccalaurat,
Abitur ( ) baccalaurat ( )
47
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)
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.
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Dressler 1981, Hatim & Mason 1990, Hatim 1998, & 1999). ,

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Trosborg (1997: 17), ,
49
2.5.1.

Katharina Reiss.
Reiss ,
, , -
- (Reiss 1971/2000, . 160). ,
-,
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:
(phase of analysis)
(phase of reverbalization) (Reiss 1971/2000, . 162).
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, (Textsorte),
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. 3).
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), (, ,
). , :
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, . ,

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52
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( , , ,
53
).
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2.6.1.
-
, , , .
:
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() (barbarism / barbarisme)

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2.6.2.

, .
,
.
54
(nonsense / non-sens)
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,
.
() :
* the materialization of the process = the implementation of the
process
The meeting will take place in the new annex.
= .
() (barbarism / barbarisme)
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.
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Its a fair price for such a car. . =
.
(omission / omission)
,
:
Two thirds of the customers (whose monthly consumption is less than 900 kWh) will receive a 0,5%
increase per year. * (
900 kWh) 0,5% . = (
900 kWh)
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(misinterpretation / contresens)
,
, :
To avoid world wars, world starvation, and world epidemics, international bodies have been set
up. * , ,
. = ,
, .
.
55
Henry VIII was soon to take the steps which would cause his break with the Pope in Rome, and
with the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. * 8

5. = 8

5.

.
(addition / ajout)
,
:
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. = 85% .
, ,
, ,
.
(overtranslation / surtraduction)
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, :
No parking at any time * =
.
OSE, the Hellenic Railways Organization, agreed to participate to the establishment of a high
performance railway network in southeastern Europe. * ,
,
. =
.
(under-translation / sous-traduction)
,
, -
,
.
Statistics can show how and where women workers are employed. *
. =
.

. , ,
( . Delisle & al., 1999/2008).

()

()
()
2.5. .
56
2.6.3.
(Reiss 1971/2000, Vermeer 1987, Nord 1997/2014),

.
,
. , ,
.

, -
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.
Sigrid Kupsch-Losereit ( Nord, 1997/)
:
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, Nord (1997/2014)
,
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).
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.
,
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.
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,
:
Linguistics alone wont help us. First, because translating is not merely and not primarily a linguistic
process. Secondly, because linguistics has not yet formulated the right questions to tackle our problem.

. Venuti, Lederer,
,
, Basnett Lefevere. O Venuti (1998, . 23)
58

. Lederer (1994, . 90),
,
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59

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H Jean-Paul Vinay Jean Darbelnet (1958)
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.
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61

Baker, . (1997). Translation Studies. In M. Baker (ed.), The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies,
London/New York: Routledge, 277-280.
Atlani, F. (1984). On lillusionniste. In A. Grsillon & J.-L. Lebrave (ds), La langue au ras du texte, Lille:
Presses Universitaires de Lille, 13-29.
Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words. A Coursebook on Translation, London and New York: Routledge.
, . & , . (1999). , : .
, . (2009). .
, : .
Catford, J.C. (1965). Linguistic Theory of Translation. An Essay in Applied Linguistics, London: Oxford
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63

1

1. E. Nida :
. . Chomsky
. A. Culioli
. Grice
2. E. Nida :
.
.
.
3. :
.
.
.
4. :
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5. J-C Catford :
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. ,
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7. :
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64
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65
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23. , :
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24. :
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. produire
25. :
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26. :
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27. :
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1
1: , 2: , 3: , 4: , 5: , 6: , 7: , 8 :, 9: , 10: , 11: , 12: , 13: , 14: , 15: , 16: , 17: , 18: , 19: , 20:
, 21: , 22: , 23: , 24: , 25: , 26: , 27: , 28: , 29: , 30: .
66
2
,
, /
:
1. Il avait eu le temps dy recruter une centaine dadeptes qui se groupent en une petite glise docile aux
conseils des anciens.
,
.
2. .
Deux chiens un os ne saccordent.
3. Entre documentaire et imaginaire, lhistoire dune femme de lex-Union sovitique qui cherche une
meilleure vie
:

4. Le graisseur du chemin de fer

5. quand le mariage ?
;
6. Il ma offert un chausson aux pommes

7. Beaucoup ont vu cela comme une insulte

8. Supprimer tout

9. On ne fait pas domelette sans casser les ufs.
.
10. Je trouve que le rsultat nest pas si mal

2
1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =
7 =
8 =
9 =
10 =
3
67

:
1. La traductologie est la discipline qui tudie le phnomne traduisant dans tous ses tats.

.
2. La sieste est prfrable la grasse matine
.
3. Sex in an art gallery? Klimt would approve
; ..
4. is a fitting homage to the art of Gustav Klimt.
Gustav Klimt.
5. Le bon jouet est dclencheur de limaginaire.

3
1 = ( )
2 = ( )
3 = ( )
4 = ( )
5 = ( )
68
3 . ,
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( ),
( ).

1 2 .
3.1.

. ,
,

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.
1970, ,

-.
1970 ,

(cultural turn),
.
:
,

(),
,
.

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( ).
.

. , ,
69
, ,
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/

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[continental law], ) (
[common law], ). ,

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.
70
3.1.1.1.

. 19 .
civilisation (> . civitas)
. ,
( ),
, ,
. ,
( )
(culture, Kultur > . colere = , , , .., . Oxford
Latin Dictionary 1968, . 345).
,
( ),
(cultura animi, . Niedermann 1941, . 2).
,
.. .
;
18 19 .
, .
, civilisation , ,

, , , culture

, (. Hansen
1995).
, (. 1999)
culture (, ) Kultur ()
, ,
, civilisation (, ) Zivilisation
()
(
, .. Lvi-Strauss 1958,
1962). , , .. contemporary American culture Maja
civilization.
:
, , ,
.
,
, , ,
,
,
, ,

, (2000, . 126). ,
,
( ) civilization ( culture)
,
71
. 1
, ,
, -, - , -, -.
, .. . , ,
, , ..
(. 1998). ,
, ,
/ .
, , ;
.
,

.
. , Kroeber
Kluckhohn (1952) 164 ,
. ,
Edward B. Tylor (1871 [1979]), :
, ,
, , , , , ,
(Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that
complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society, . 1). ,
,
,
, .
,
, .. Marvin Harris (1983, . 5):

, (
) (Culture is the learned, socially acquired traditions and life-styles of the members of a
society, including their patterned, repetitive ways of thinking, feeling and acting (i.e., behaving)).
,
( ),
, .
, ,
.
,
,
, .
,
.
, ,
. Kroeber Kluckhohn (1952)
,
.
Katan (1999, . 27-31),
. (.
2009, . 32), Katan :
,
,

(2009) , Williams (1994),
Cuche (1996), Baldwin, Faulkner Hecht (2006) .
72
,
,
,
,
,
, .
Katan
. , ,
,

.
Simon (1996, . 137),
,
.
1970 ,
, , 1980,
(. Floros 2002 2005, . 68), .. Nida (1964), Catford
(1965), Kade (1968) Lev (1969).

, (.
Tylor ). Tylor
Goodenough (1964, . 36),
Tylor ,
:
,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, , .

([] societys culture consists of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a
manner acceptable to its members, and do so in any role that they accept for any one of themselves.
Culture, being what people have to learn as distinct from their biological heritage, must consist of the
end product of learning: knowledge, in a more general, if not relative, sense of the term. By this
definition, we should note that culture is not a material phenomenon; it does not consist of things,
people, behavior, or emotions. It is rather an organization of these things []).
Ghring (1978, . 10)
, , , :
, ,

,
,

(Kultur ist all das, was man wissen, beherrschen und empfinden knnen muss, um beurteilen zu knnen,
wo sich Einheimische in ihren verschiedenen Rollen erwartungskonform oder abweichend verhalten,
und um sich selbst in der betreffenden Gesellschaft erwartungskonform verhalten zu knnen, sofern
man dies will und nicht etwa bereit ist, die jeweils aus erwartungswidrigem Verhalten entstehenden
Konsequenzen zu tragen [...]).
73
, ,
, Rei & Vermeer (1984), Holz-Mnttri (1984),
Vermeer (1986), Snell-Hornby (1988), Nord (1993), Ammann (1995), Lauscher (1998)
Schmid (2000).
Mudersbach (2002), ,

,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
-,
,
, . ,

,
. , , .. ,
, , ,
. ,
().
( )
,
,
, ,
(., , Vermeer 1986,
Mudersbach 2002, Attridge 2004, Floros 2006).
3.1.1.2.
, ,

(. 3.1 ),
. , ,
.
. , , ;
, mediation
mdiation .
, . , , ,

( - -
) , ,
, , ,
, .
( ).
. ,
, , ,
,
( ) .
,
,
, ,
. , ,
, , ,
74
.
Bhabha (1994) , Bakhtin
(1986) , Kristeva (1980) Spivak
(2000) , ,
,
,
() .
, Wolf (2000),
Baker (2006), Tymoczko (2007), Maier (2007), Bachelor (2008), Milton & Bandia (2009).

,
.
,

(. Floros 2011).

, ..
, , ,
, ,

. , ,

.
, . ,

,

, .
3.1.1.3.

. correspondence
(), correspondance (), Korrespondenz (),
equivalence (), quivalence () quivalenz ().
, ,
( ),
,
. ,

, . ,
.
( ) ,
, (). ()
. , ,
, .
Ferdinand de Saussure (. 2002) langue,
parole, , , ,
. , langue
parole ,
, ,
(context). , ,
75
, .
, :
cat: ,
langue ( , ), .
, Its raining cats and dogs parole (
), (
),
.
Once beaten, twice shy:
langue ( ,
),
, .
.
,
, .

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.
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.2
3.1.1.4.
,
, . ,
, ,
,
. ,
. , ,
, .
Rei (1976),
(., , 2 ),
,
.
; text
type (), type de texte (), Texttyp ().
2
Kenny (2009) (2001).

, . 2.
76
, ,
. ,
(informative text type) ,
(informative) (referential) , .. ,
, ...
. genre ( ), text variety
(), Textsorte (). (genre
theory), (, , )
Halliday & Hasan (1991).

,
,
.
()
. ,
,
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. ,

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.
,

( ).
, ,
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,
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(. Schffner 2002),
,
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.

(. House 1997). ,
Trosborg (1997),
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
(. , ).
, ,
, ,
Rei .

Chesterman (1989, . 105) (
Roland Freihoff). Chesterman 3.1
( ),
,
,
, .
77
3.1. Chesterman (1989).
, .. (satire) (expressive)
(operative), (informative) ,
o . , ..
(biography) (
) , .. (tourist brochure)
,
.
3.1.1.5.
,
: .

(. 3.2 ),
.
,
, ( ),
. ,
,
. , , ..
, , , , ,
... ,
,
, .
Gestalt ( )
, .
,
, , ,
, ... ,
.

. ,
,
78
,
. ,
(.
Floros 2005).
. ,
..,
().
3.1.2.

,
.
, ,
, ) ,
, )

. ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
3.1.2.1.

. 1950
Vinay & Darbelnet (1958),

(. 3.2 ). , ,
,
Jiri Lev
, 1963 ( : Umeni prekladu),
. 1964,
, Eugene Nida,
,
( ), 20 .
, 1960 1970, (Leipziger
Schule/Leipzig School), .
Otto Kade, Gert Jger Albrecht Neubert, Fremdsprachen
( ), ,
(situation) ,
,
1970 1980.
,
, ,

.
79
Mary Snell-Hornby
(turns) ,
, ,
, Snell-Hornby (2006, . 35 ..) .
, (speech act theory) John
Austin 1962 John Searle 1969, Eugenio Coseriu
, ( : Sistema, norma y habla) 1970,

.

, Coseriu
Ferdinand de Saussure langue parole, ( )
.
, (Descriptive Translation
Studies), .
Noam Chomsky,
Snell-Hornby
,

- , ,
, .
Susan
Bassnett (Bassnett & Lefevere 1990), , .
, Snell-Hornby ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
, .
,
(Skopostheorie) Rei & Vermeer (1984)
(Theorie des translatorischen Handelns) Holz-Mnttri (1984),
Rei (1976) ( , .
3.1.1.4) Nord (1991) 2. ,
Snell-Hornby (2006, . 63),
Itamar Even-Zohar (1979) ,
(Manipulation School) Hermans (1985) Toury (1978, 1995)
.
,
-
.
(> . : , )
,
.
, .. ( :
) ,
. :
, ,
,
, (). , ,
,

, ( Funktionsnderung, function alteration).

80
( Funktionskonstanz, function constancy),

,
. , ..,

( ),
. , (, ,
, ..)
, , ,

/. , , -
-,
, /
, (Brief, commission)
.

. Vermeer (1986),
, (kultureller Transfer). ,

(Adquatheit) .
.
/
. ,
,
/ ,
,
,
/ ,

. , /
,
. , Kaindl (1997),
,
. ,

.
, ,
,
. ,
( )
( ,
), (
). ,
, , .
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,

. ,
,
,
,
. 3.2 ,
, ,
.
81
3.2. .
, ,
.
,
,
.
, ,
, .
1980
Theo Hermans 1985,
,
,
(. Hermans 1985, . 11). ,
Hermans (1985, . 10-11), :
,
[],
,
,
, , ,

,
,

([] quite simply, to establish a new paradigm for the study of literary translation, on the basis of a
comprehensive theory and ongoing practical research [], briefly, a view of literature as a complex
and dynamic system; a conviction that there should be a continual interplay between theoretical models
and practical case studies; an approach to literary translation which is descriptive, target-oriented,
functional and systemic; and an interest in the norms and constraints that govern the production and
reception of translations, in the relation between translation and other types of text processing, and in
the place and role of translations both within a given literature and in the interaction between literatures).

. ,
Gideon Toury
, , , .
82
, ,
. , Snell-Hornby (2006, . 73),
, , ,
,
,
, (intersubjective factors).
,
. 1960 1970
. ,
.
Roland Barthes (1977)
Jacques Derrida (1978). ,
, 1980.
, Barthes ,
,

, .
,
, .
Derrida ,
, ()
. Derrida ()
,
.

Rosemary Arrojo 1986, , .

.
,
, ,
. Arrojo (1986), ,
, ( ,
), Barthes Derrida,
.
,
. ,
(. ),
(. Barthes),
(. Derrida). Arrojo,
,
,
, . ,

, .
3.1.2.2.

1960,
Bassnett Andr Lefevere, Translation,
History and Culture (1990).
, ()
, , ,
,
. , ,
83
,
.

,
,
(
).
1990

(.
2009, . 74 ..), .. .
Michaela Wolf (2002, . 186),
, ,
, , , ,
, (. Wolf
2000). /
,
(. Bhabha 1994).

. ,
,

:
, ,
.. , ,
,
,
. ,
Roman Jakobson (1960),
,
, (A linguist deaf to the poetic
function of language and a literary scholar indifferent to linguistic problems and unconversant with linguistic
methods are equally flagrant anachronisms).
,
,
. ,
, ,
, , .. , , ,
, . , ,
, ,
, , ,
( ),
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, (
) (
, .. ) (. Jakobson 1959).
,
,
- , , ,
, . -
, /
, ,
84
, (
),

. , ..
, .
, ,
, ,
.
,
(. ) ,
,
, ..
, ,
,
.. , , -

, (
) . , ,
, ,
, .
,
,
, (Rushdie 1991).
-
(transculturality).
,
.
, ,
,
(interculturality), ,
,
,
(. Pratt 1992). Orientalism (Said 1978),
-
Niranjana (1992), Mehrez (1992) Dingwaney & Mayer (1995),
Bassnett & Trivedi (1999), Simon & St-Pierre (2000).
,
,

. ,
,
,
, , ,
, .
,
, ,
.

.
,
, .
1970,
, Louise von Flotow
(1997) Sherry Simon (1996) , ,
85
( ). Godard ( 1990),
Grbi & Wolf (1998), Messner & Wolf
(2001), Lawrence Venuti
The Translation Studies Reader (2004) Keith Harvey
.
,
,
15 .
, , ( ),
, , .

, , .
, , ,
,
. (
) ,

(localization),
. ,

,
(.. ),
.

, . ,
(transcreation),
( transcreation ., ,
Pedersen 2014). , ,

. ,
,
- (transediting) Stetting (1989),
. .
., , Valden (2007), Bielsa & Bassnett (2009), Loupaki (2010).

,
.
,
,
(community interpreting),
, ,
.
3.2.
,

.
,
. ,
.

, . : ,
,
86
.
, , , .
. ,

, . ,
,
, .
2 , Delisle et al. (2008)
, .
3.2.1.
.
, , ,
,
, / , ,
, ,
. ,
/ , .
, , .
(literal) (free) .
,
- -,
. , ,
( ), ,
. ,
-, ,
-. Jean-Ren Ladmiral (1986,)
(sourciers)
(ciblistes), ,
(foreignization) (domestication).
,
-.
-, ,
. :
:
. ,
keftedes, ,
.
:
-, .. meatballs,
,
,
.
,
Lawrence Venuti (1995),
,
, ,
, .
, , (. 3.1):
87
(foreignization)
(domestication)
(Venuti 1995)

(formal equivalence)

(dynamic equivalence)
(Nida 1964)

(semantic translation)

(communicative translation)
(Newmark 1988)

(documentary translation)

(instrumental translation)
(Nord 1991)
3.1. .

, . ,
.
. ,
. ,
, . ,
.
, ,
, ,
. 3.3
.
3.3. .
() ,
Koller (1979), ,
,
. Koller
,
. ,
,
. Koller 3.2.
88

(denotative quivalenz)
:
1:1

crosscultural
cat
figure ,
cozy

()

(konnotative quivalenz)
notorious (
)
()
,
,

(pragmatische quivalenz)

(textnormative quivalenz)

(formal-sthetische quivalenz)
, ,
,
3.2. Koller (1979).

, . ,
Loves Labours Lost, ,
.
Koller, Vinay & Darbelnet (1958)
Stylistique compare du franais et de langlais ,
.
.
: (direct translation)
(oblique translation).
, .
. ,
, 3.3.
. 2.
(emprunt)
(calque)

(traduction littrale)
.
.

.
,
.
,
.
89
(transposition)
(modulation)
(quivalence)
(adaptation)
,
,
.
,
,
, .
,
/
,
.
,
, ..
, , .
3.3. Vinay & Darbelnet (1958).
,
. (.,
, Kade 1968, Rei 1971, Koller 1979, Barchudarow 1979, Kutz 1981, Neubert 1985, Kupsch-Losereit
1990, Williams 1990, Valero-Garcs 1995, Aixel 1995, Markstein 1999),
Peter Newmark (1988), ,
. ,
Vinay & Darbelnet, 3.4
. Newmark
,
, Realia (Rei 1971).

(transference)
, ..
STOP, gadget, Bauhaus.

(naturalization)

-, .. , , .

(literal translation)

,
-.
(neutralization)

, .. have a split tongue
.

(cultural equivalent)

, .. pub .
(label)
,
, .. a washback-effect .

(componential analysis)
,
, .. cozy .
(deletion)

, .. Oh my God! ! ( ).
90

(couplet)

, .. Samurai (
).
10

(accepted standard translation)

, , .. actualization .
11
, ,
(paraphrase, gloss, notes)
,

.
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. Eco & Nergaard (2003, .
221) ,
, ,
. Eco, ,
, ,
, (Eco
2003, . 342). Eco & Nergaard Mathieu Guidre (2008, . 58), o
,
[],
.
Toury Torop, ,
. , Susan Petrilli (2007, . 311)
(Semiotics of translation),
. ,
. Stiste & Torop (2007, . 196),
,
(ranslation semiotics), , ,

, ,
. , , o Torop (2008, . 253)

.10 , Routlege
Encyclopedia of Translation Studies,
, Umbaldo Stecconi (2009, . 261)
. A Stecconi
11, Peirce,
(translation semiosis).

, ,
, , . ,

-,
Semiotics of Translation Translation Semiotics,
.
10
Torop (2010, . 2) ,
- .
11
H , Stecconi (2009, . 260),
, .
135
5.5.
5.5.1. Roman Jakobson

Roman Jakobson (1959) On linguistic aspects of translation12,
Jakobson (1959, . 233) ,
. Jakobson
: ) (intralingual translation reformulation),

, , , : = , =
, () = , ()= , .. )
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. Jakobson
, , ,
,
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. ,
( 5.1.), bleu [] ,
. , ( 5.2.),
,
. , (
5.3.), cheval () ,
.
Jakobson ,
,
, .
Torop (2002, . 593),
,
Jakobson,
.
5.1.
13
5.2.
5/11/2011
12
, Stiste (2008, . 309),

, , ,
,
.
13
.
136
5.3. 14
,
, . Hermans (2001 [1998], . 134)

, , .
, Jakobson.
, , , Jacobson (1971
[1961], . 576) ,
, , , ,
.

Jakobson, , Peirce (1931-1966), Welby
(1983 [1903]) Bakhtin (1986 [1950-1951]), . H
Peirce, 19 , Jakobson,
. Eco & Nergaard (2001 [1998], . 219-220),
Peirce,
Jakobson , , Peirce (1931-1948, 4.127),
.
Victoria
Welby, 20 . Welby (1983 [1903], . 34)
,
, .
, Welby (1983 [1903], . 150), ,
.
, Jakobson (1959) Louis Hjelmslev.
O Hjelmslev (1963 [1946], . 109) , ,

. ,
, .
20 Mikhail Bakhtin. Bakhtin
,
(Torop 2002, . 598), Bakhtin
: ,
(Bakhtin 1986 [1950-1951], . 106).

Jakobson ,
Bakhtin, Yuri Lotman (1990)
, . Lotman (1990, . 143)
, ,
14
.
137
,
. Lotman (2009, . 6), []
,
,
. Lotman
. Lotman (1990, . 269)
,

.15 Torop (2002, . 593) Bakhtin Lotman,
,
- , , .
Umberto Eco (2003, . 23) , ,
, . ,
, (,
, ) . Eco (2003,
. 24) ,
,
. , Eco (2003, . 483),
, , ,
. Eco
Peirce
Lotman Jakobson.
. ,
.16
Paolo Fabbri (2012 [1998], . 16-18) ,
,
. Fabbri
(, , ..),
. Fabbri

,
. , , ,
.
5.6.
Jakobson ,
, . Toury (1994 [1986], . 1114) ,
,
Jakobson. ,
(intrasemiotic translation) (intersemiotic translation).
, (intrasystemic translation),
, (intersystemic translation), . Toury
, ,

,
.
Eco,
(2003, . 326). , Eco (2003,
. 315-316)
15
. Hermans 2001 [1998], . 134.

. (2007, . 200)
Eco, .
16
138
,
. .
Eco : (interpretation by transcription),
(intrasystemic interpretation) (intersystemic
interpretation).
, ,
Petrilli. Petrilli (2003, . 19)
(intersemiosic translation) (endosemiosic translation),
,
. Petrilli

.
,
, Jakobson
,
. Torop (2002, . 593),
,
,
Jakobson Eco. Torop, ,
,
.
5.7.

Peirce, Jakobson, Lotman Eco.
-.

,
. ,
,

,
(, 2004, . 126-127). Peeter Torop,
Lotman,
. Torop, 17 Lotman
, ,
.
Torop (2002, . 603)
. Torop (2002, .
602)

.
, , ,
.18 Peirce
. ,
(Petrilli 2003, . 17).
, , ,
Jakobson,
17
Lotman (1990, . 123-124)

, ,
, .
18
Dinda Gorle, Susan Petrilli, Augusto Ponzio, Bruno Ossimo, Ubaldo
Stecconi, Ritva Hartama-Heinonen, Pirjo Kukkonen, ..
139
.19
, ,
-. Barthes
, ,
,
. , Georges Mounin
(intersemiosis)
(
, ) ,
(Mounin 1963, . 16).
,

. ,
(Coquet et al.1982, . 5),
. Algirdas Julien Greimas,

, Eric Landowski (2009, . 75). , ,
;

, (audiovisual
translation).20
, , ,
,
.21

Lund . : )

) ,
. , Gran Sonesson (2014, . 275-276),

Jakobson, 22,
, () . 23
, Sonesson
, ,
. , ,
, ,
,
. Sonesson ,
, , ,
,
. , ,
,
.
19
(2004, . 159-160),
. , ,
Algirdas Geimas, ,
(Bremond, Todorov, Genette, Barthes), .
20
Yves Gambier, Henrik Gottlieb,
Jorge Diaz Cintas, Dirk Delabastita, Pilar Orero, Patrick Zabalbeascoa, Fotios Karamitroglou, ..
21
Baldry & Thibault (2006, . 4):

.
22
Eco (2003, . 320-326).
23
. Yoka & Kourdis 2014.
140

, Ritva Hartama-Heinonen. HartamaHeinonen (2008, . 31-32),
,
. ,
,
Jakobson. , De Campos,
,
, , . ,
,
, (. Gentzler 2012 [2001], . 314). ,
, ,
(Jakobson Lotman),
.
,
Peirce , Dinda Gorle
. Gorle (1994, . 226-2227),
(
). , Gorle ( ,
, Jakobson, ,
) .
,
(Lev Popovi). Jiri Lev, ,
,
, ,
.24 , Lev ,
,
(Lev 1969, . 72-73). Anton Popovi

, . Popovi (1970, .
78)
.
.

, (
Even-Zohar Toury). Itamar Even-Zohar
1970 .
,
,

,
(Munday 2004 [2001], . 181). Gideon Toury
, ,
. Toury (1994 [1986], . 1123)
, , ,
,
,
-: .

, Eugene Nida.25 Nida

24
. Gentzler (2012 [2001], . 134).

Nida , 80,
.
25
141
,

(Munday 2004 [2001], . 73).
,
(Petfi, Wilss, Hatim, Mason). Janos Petfi, 1970,
,
. Wolfram Wilss (1982, . 49)
,
,
,
. Basil Hatim Ian Mason,

.
-
.
,
,
(Munday 2004 [2001], . 165-166).
Hartama-Heinonen (2008, . 32)
: ,
, ,
. , ,
26, ( )

,
, .27
, , Hartmama-Heinonen,
( 2),
,
, Jakobson Lotman,
Torop, Lotman
,
. Jakobson Lotman, Eco Fabbri,
, Jakobson Lotman,
Gorle, Petrilli, ,
Peirce, ,
.
2.
26
27
, Eco Fabbri .
B. Peeters (1999, . 17).
142
5.8.
, ,
:
.
-,
.
, ,
.

( ).
. , Munday (2004,
. 216)
, .
Mona Baker (1992, . 42) ,

,
, . ,
(. 5.4.),
,
.
5.4.
, .28
5.5.
,

, ,
. O Eco (2003, . 301-302) []
, Jakobson
[],
[]. Eco Petrilli (2003, . 18),
,

[]. Fabbri (2012 [1998], . 84) , ,
:
, , , ..
, , ,
,
. , , ,
28
.
143
, ,
,
, .

( ) .
Petrilli Fabbri
29,
, .. (. 5.6 5.7.).
5.6.
The Seven Year Itch [ ] (1954).
5.7. - Sexy Football

Calendar 2014.30
.
:
) / ,
. Patrick Zabalbeascoa (1997, .
338)
, (support).
.

. , ,
,
(5.8.), Le renard et lenfant
.
: . ,
,
, , .
, (5.9.), (2008) Action frgr I, ,
, ,
.
29
. Kourdis & Yoka 2014.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/picturegalleries/10413979/Sexy-football-and-sports-calendar-AlexFerguson-Jose-Mourinho-Arsene-Wenger-Sachin-Tendulkar-and-Andy-Murray-as-youve-never-seenthem.html?frame=2718015 ( : James Husbands).
30
144
5.8. Le
renard et lenfant.
5.9. -
Action fr-gr I (2008).31
) . O Barthes (1964, . 130-131)

,
. ; Barthes (2007 [1970],
.19-20), , , ,
, , ,
[],
[],
,
, , .
.
maman.
,
,

,
. , George Mounin (1963, . 166) Christiane
Nord32, .
Petrilli (2007, . 335)
.
) / . O
Stecconi (2009, . 260)
, ( )
, .
Greimas & Courts (1993, . 197)

.
) . Jacques
Derrida (2004: 428),
. Eco (2003, .
350)
.
Nord33

. ,
, / -
/ -.
) , ,
. Eco (1992, . 65)
(, , , ) ,
31
61/3-1-2012 .
. Munday (2004 [2001], . 139).
33
. Munday (2004 [2001], . 142).
32
145

. ,
,
. . , Nord 34,
.

repo(we)r Greece (5.10.)
(, , , layout, )
,

.
5.10. repo(we)r Greece.
5.9.
, ,
(Stiste & Torop 2007, Torop 2008), (Toury 1980),
(Snell-Hornby et al, 1999) Umberto Eco & Nergaard (2001 [1998]),
,
.

, ,
.

,
,
.

.
Peirce, Lotman, Jakobson Eco,
. , ,
Lotman Eco
Lotman (1990),
. Eco
Peirce Jakobson.

,
, ,
34
. Munday (2004, . 139).

146
.
,
(Stecconi
2009, . 262), . ,
Peirce
, , , .
,
, .
-
, ,
. ,
(, , , , ),
: ,
, , , ,
. ,
,

(. 5.2 5.3 ).
(
) , ,
.
;
147

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151

1

1.
:
. Juri Lotman
. Giles Deleuze
. Umberto Eco
. Paolo Fabbri
2. Saussure (, ) :
.
.
.
3. , , ,
:
. -
.
.
.
4. Charles Peirce
:
. (icons)
. (index)
. (symbols)
5. Roman Jakobson,
:
.
.
.
6. H
Roman Jakobson:
.
.
.
7. Roman Jakobson :
.
.
.
8.

:
. Victoria Welby
152
. Mikhail Bakhtin
. o Louis Hjelmslev
. o Paolo Fabbri
9. ,

:
. -
.
. ()
.
10.
:
. Susan Petrilli
. Roman Jakobson
. Mona Baker
. o Jeremy Munday
11. ,
:
. Umberto Eco
. Georges Mounin
. o Roland Barthes
. o Gran Sonesson
12. :
. Jacques Derrida
. Mikhail Bakhtin
. o Roland Barthes
. Victoria Welby
13. ,
:
.
.
.
.
/ 3
1: , 2: , 3: , 4: , 5: , 6: , 7: , 8: , 9: , 10: , 11: , 12: , 13: .
2
Jakobson On linguistic Aspects of translation
, .
Jakobson ;
153
7.12 , . 25.35
/ 2
,
, ,
( ). ,
,

.
3

-;
5.13 Pablo Picasso

Guernica
5.14 Guernica
,
/ 3
-,
( Pablo Picasso Guernica,
) ( Guernica
, ), ,
Susan Petrilli Paolo Fabbri. , ,
, ..
.
35

http://www.pi-schools.gr/books/dimotiko/glossa_st/st_mat_3.pdf .
154
6

Ideas are what men and women live by, and will occasionally die for,
Eagleton, 1991, . xiii
,
,
- -.
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
.
.

1, 2, 3, 4 5 .
6.1.
. Norman Fairclough (1989,
. 3), , Robert Hodge
Gunther Kress (1993, . 15),
[] . ,
, ,
, , ,
.
, .
, Bruce Hawkins (2001, . 27),
.
, .
, ,
,
. ,

(Lukes 1974). Hegel
(Mitchell 1986, . 3-4Eagleton 1991, . 101). ,
,
. 36
, ,
.
Hodge Kress Language as Ideology (1993),
.
, , ,
,
36
, ,
( ).
155
.
, , , ..,
(. ).
,
.
,
.
6.1.1. :

,
, 20 .
(Critical Discourse Analysis).
( ) 90,
, ,
Teun van Dijk, Norman Fairclough, Gunther Kress, Theo van Leeuwen Ruth Wodak,
.
.
, ,
, , , , ,
, , .
,
(Wodak Meyer 2001).
van Dijk (2005, . 352),
60 70
.
,
. (discourse)
.
, (Fairclough
Wodak, 1997, . 258). , ,
, ,
..
(critical), .
37 Jrgen Habermas,
,
, , ,
(Wodak Meyer 2001, . 6-7). ,
,
,
.
(conceptual metaphors).
(conceptual metaphor), George Lakoff Mark Johnson (1980, . 25)
.
,
,
. , , argument is war
( la discussion cest la guerre, 1985, . 15)
: indefensible claims, to attack every weak
37

.
( Britannica).
156
point of an argument, to win an argument critique qui vise droit au but, se

dfendre, attaquer chaque point faible dune argumentation.
, :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1:
,
(Malmkjaer 2002, . 102-103) .
, ,
(, -, ..),
. , van Dijk (..,
. 353-355),
. ,
, , , , , , , ..
, .
, - (socio-cognitive approach) van Dijk,
,
38, (topics) (
). , , . ,
, , ,
, , .., , , (context),
, , - .
,
,
, , . ,
Eagleton (1994:11), ,
, ,
.
-,
.
6.2. :

. :

38
, van Dijk,
(Routledge Dictionary of Language and
Linguistics, Bussmann, 1996, . 292).
157
39 (Mounin 2002)
-,
Sigmund Freud (Mason 1994)
,
40 (Baker 2006). ,
,
. ,
in Algeria

,
.41
. Basil Hatim
Ian Mason (1997)
(ideology of translating) (translation
of ideology). ,
( 42 vs. 43),
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, ). Christina Schaeffner (2003, . 23),
, -
- ,
.
, Peter Fawcett Ideology and Translation,
Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (2001), 44

. (cultural turn) Mary SnellHornby,
1990 , Susan Bassnett, Andr Lefevere, Mary Snell-Hornby,

. ,
,

39

,
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40
17
, [] .
( Britannica).
41
...the seven near-simultaneous bombs against security forces in February, and this weeks apparent use of suicidebombers, a rare tactic in Algeria. : The Economist, 12/04/07, 7 , :
, ,

. , 15/04/07 ( , .
2012, 2010, 2008b c).
42
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44

Jacques Derrida (1930-2004)
,
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).
158
-45.
, ,
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. Translation, Rewriting and the
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(. 6.6, ).
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. , Christina Schffner, Ewa Gumul, Chantal Gagnon, Christiane Nord
..,
, . ,
, Apropos of Ideology. Translation Studies on Ideology. Ideologies in
Translation Studies, Maria Calzada Perez (2003). ,

.
Political Discourse, Media and Translation,
Schffner Bassnett (2010).
, ,
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Wilson (1990, . 104) :
45
, . 2009, . 67-76
Munday 2002, . 205-212.
46
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159
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,
.
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This report strongly suggests that the reform

proposals in Agenda 2000 should be radically
altered, as it is now very clear that cutting prices
has not resolved the problems of market balance,
nor has it arrested the continuing decline in farm
incomes, which are a vital factor in stemming the
haemorrhage of young people from rural areas.
Gillis (PPE), 16/06/98

2000,

,
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S'ils ne sont pas lettre morte aujourd'hui, les

accords de paix sont en tout cas mis mal et le
processus de paix semble l'agonie. Pradier
(ARE), 17/06/98
,

.

. tre lagonie,
, ,
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, Gideon Toury.47
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En 1995, la rflexion institutionnelle postMaastricht en tait ses balbutiements. En juin

1997, le trait d'Amsterdam est n. Il s'agissait
d'un nouveau pas significatif sur la voie de
l'unification europenne. Santer, 11/01/99
1995

. 1997
.

.
, tait ses balbutiements .

, Jacques Santer,
.
Santer,
, .
47
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161
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Christina Schffner Peter Porsch (1998, .157),
. balbutiements,
.
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timides.
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,
.
4,
4,
Mr President, can I also take the opportunity to

congratulate the rapporteur. He certainly proved
during the time that negotiations were going on
that he had a very big back indeed, because
there were a lot of people throwing knives at
him during that period. Nicholson, ECR Group,
22/06/2011

,

.

, .
van Dijk (Ideological Square).
(1997, . 28),
,

. ,
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throw knives .
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. , ,
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Mais le Sieur Le Pen ne peut s'en empcher.

L'antismitisme est sa passion, le ngationnisme
son dlire. Dans sa comptabilit inhumaine, la
mort d'un enfant juif, gaz parce que n Juif, est
de mme nature que la mort d'un soldat au
combat., Duhamel (PSE), 5/10/98
. Le Pen , , .
,

. ,
,
,

.

Jean Marie Le Pen. ,
, ,
.
,
, Sieur . ,
48
(2014, . 191): 1) /
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.
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.
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tous les affams du monde, toutes celles et

tous ceux qui doivent payer plus
cher pour s'alimenter ou pour s'habiller attendent
que nous contrions avec plus
d'nergie la plus grande calamit qui s'abat
aujourd'hui sur la plante, c'estdire
celle que produisent les rapaces de la
spculation sur l'alimentation. Ce sont
eux qui font flamber les prix alimentaires
contre les paysans et contre les
consommateurs., Le Hyaric, GUE/NGL,
16/02/2011
...

.

.
, -
(GUE/NGL)
. rapace, ,
avide de gain, de profit, le plus souvent au dtriment d'autrui (TLF),
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.

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164
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,
,
:
165
1,
1,
Nous ne torturons pas, a affirm M. George

W. Bush. Ctait le 7 novembre dernier,
Panam, la fin dune tourne de cinq jours en
Amrique latine, rgion longtemps martyrise
par des rgimes dictatoriaux soutenus par
Washington qui pratiquaient massivement les
disparitions de suspects et la torture.
Le Monde diplomatique, Ignacio Ramonet,
12/2005
,
, 7 , ,

,

,

. , 04/12/2005
Tortures Ignacio Ramonet,

Le Monde diplomatique
. , ,
Le Monde diplomatique George W. Bush:
Nous ne torturons pas, . ,
, rgion longtemps martyrise, rgimes dictatoriaux, disparitions de suspects,
torture,
.
,
,
, ,
.
2,
2,
Le prestigateur a russi. Spectaculairement

mis en scne, le dpart des 8000 colons de la
bande de Gaza a hypnotis la plante, dsormais
aveugle, sourde et muette face au sort des
Palestiniens.
Le Monde diplomatique, Dominique Vidal,
02/2006
.
8.000 ,
,
,
,
.
, 19/02/2006
Saint Sharon Dominique

Vidal, . , ,
,
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, ,
.
.
.
3,
3,
Mais comment un Etat rput irresponsable

peut- il inspirer une telle confiance ?
Le Monde diplomatique,
Quelle Europe pour briser les marchs?,

James Galbraith 2010 Le Monde diplomatique.
166
, 2015, .
, 2010,
.
,
, /
, .
6.4.2.2. /

.
, , ,
,
. :
4,
At the Pentagon, Mr. Wolfowitz began
advocating going to war with Iraq just a few days
after Sept. 11, 2001, and continued pressing over
the next year to oust Saddam Hussein.
The New York Times, 17/05/07, 7
4,
,
, 20/05/07

.
, , .
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-.
, Bassnett
(2005, . 125). , ,
,
, (2004, . 25).
The New York Times
Bush, Paul Wolfowitz,
.
,
n ,
51.
5,
The Bush malaise could also provide a pickme-up for Europe Guardian, 16/05/07, 10
...
. ,
27/05/07.
The
Guardian The Badness of George II. , ,
Georges Bush, . , Simon Tisdall

Paul Wolfowitz . ,
51
, .
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/18/washington/18worldbank.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1& .
167
(malaise)
(pick-me-up).
, /
. ,
, (,
).
6,
6,
Cette vidence, la gauche de la gauche nen

a pas tenu compte non plus, qui, malgr la
richesse de ses propositions, a offert le plus
souvent un spectacle consternant de dsunion et
dgotisme.
juin 07, Le Monde diplomatique, 6
,
, ,
,

.
3/06/07, , 9
Populisme franais
2007 Le Monde diplomatique
.
, ,
Sgolne Royal, .
, consternant, dsolant, navrant
,
.
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,
. ,

. Harvey (1998, . 37)
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. , ,
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(explicitation). (2008, . 36),
.
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,
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7,
...,

. , 20/05/07
,
,
.52
-;
. Van Dijk (1993),
,
52
, . http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/18/washington/18worldbank.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 .
168

.
8,
Le Monde diplomatique, Dominique Vidal,

02/2006
8,

, 19/02/2006
(.
2).
,
.
, , Le Monde
diplomatique
/.
9,
9,
after the death of Abu Hamza Rabia, another

Egyptian who was killed by a missile strike in
Pakistan in 2005.
The New York Times, 02/04/07, 7
... ,
,

2005. , 15/04/07
, , .
The Reach of the War. New Generation of Al-Qaeda Chief is seen on the Rise,
The New York Times
- . ,
, , |by missile strike ( : )
.
,
.
.
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,

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54, Lefevere
, , ,
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. ,
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,
.
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, (strategies
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. ,
,
, , ..
, . ,

,
. ,

, (Munday, 2002, . 217 ..)
53
(polysystem theory), Itamar Even-Zohar 1970,

,
(Munday, 2002, . 179).
54

, .
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174

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57
Patrick Le Hyaric, au nom du groupe GUE/NGL. Monsieur le Prsident, Monsieur le Commissaire, le rapport
qui nous est soumis donne lesquisse dune orientation nouvelle de la politique agricole commune, quil sagisse
de la progressivit des crdits publics en fonction de lemploi et de lenvironnement, de la reconnaissance de
lagriculture comme productrice de biens publics ou encore de la notion dagriculteurs actifs. Mais nous avons
connu trop de bonnes intentions sans que la vie des paysans travailleurs sen trouve amliore. Soyons bien
conscients des drames qui se nouent en ce moment mme dans nos campagnes. Mme si lide dun filet de
scurit est intressante, elle ne suffit pas en elle-mme, il faut revenir des mcanismes dintervention publique
pour obtenir des prix de base garantis pour les petits et moyens producteurs.
La combinaison de lefficacit conomique, sociale et cologique commande aussi den finir avec le librechange ultralibral actuel qui dtruit les fermes familiales. Il faut donc que lUnion europenne agisse pour
changer radicalement lOrganisation mondiale du commerce et travaille plus avec la FAO pour revenir des
systmes de coopration qui incluent des droits de douane variables aux frontires.
De mme, il faudrait beaucoup plus de crdits pour la recherche en Europe. Enfin, il faut insister sur le maintien
du budget de la politique... (fin dintervention hors micro)
58
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Il faut donc que lUnion europenne agisse pour changer radicalement lOrganisation mondiale du
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As-u-type, http://www.asutype.com/
Babelfish, https://www.babelfish.com/
214
Babylon, http://translation.babylon.com/
Bing Translator, https://www.bing.com/translator/
Clarin, http://www.clarin.gr/
DGT Acquis, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/language-technologies/dgt-acquis
Dragon, , http://www.nuance.com/dragon/index.htm
European Parliament DocHound http://termcoord.eu/dochound/
European Parliament Terminology Databases http://termcoord.eu/useful-links/terminology-databases/
Google Translate, https://translate.google.com/
Language Technology definition (Hans Uszkoreit), http://www.dfki.de/lt/lt-general.php
Lantra-l, , http://lantragallery.ijlant.com/cheatsheet.html
Libre Office, https://www.libreoffice.org/
MemoQ, https://www.memoq.com/benefits-for-individual-translators
Metashare, http://qt21.metashare.ilsp.gr/
MLS , http://www.mls.gr/?pid=67&la=1&itmID=52
Moses, , http://www.statmt.org/moses/
Multiterm (SDL, Trados), Excel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APMcWe2vvJI
My Memory, https://mymemory.translated.net/
Neurolingo, , http://www.neurolingo.gr/
Omega T, http://www.omegat.org/el/omegat.html
Open Office, http://www.openoffice.org/el/
Opus, Open Parallel Corpus, http://opus.lingfil.uu.se/
SDL Trados Studio 2014, Alignment, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5ik0lOk37Y
SDL, ,
http://www.translationzone.com/learning/training/post-editing-machine-translation/
Sketch Engine, https://www.sketchengine.co.uk/
TAUS, https://www.taus.net/post-edit/training-certification
TAUS Data Cloud https://data-app.taus.net/
TermCoord, http://termcoord.eu/
The many voices of the web, (2010, march 4). The Economist. Retrieved from
http://www.economist.com/node/15582327
The Medium is the Message (McLuhan), http://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/mcluhan.mediummessage.pdf
Traduxio, , https://github.com/benel/TraduXio
Transifex, https://www.transifex.com/product/transifexlive/
Translatum, , http://www.translatum.gr/
Voxforge, , http://www.voxforge.org
Webcorp, http://www.webcorp.org.uk/live/
What is a concordance, http://www.concordancesoftware.co.uk/manual/hs2050.htm
Wordfast anywhere, https://www.freetm.com/welcome.jsp?email=&message=
, , , http://www.greeklanguage.gr/Resources/literature/tools/concordance/index.html?cnd_id=2
, , http://hnc.ilsp.gr/
, http://www.eleto.gr/gr/
, , http://lexilogia.gr/home/
(), http://www.ilsp.gr/el/services-products/products/item/2-langtech/14-simfonia
, , http://www.logografos.gr/
Harvard, ,
http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k70847&pageid=icb.page346375
(Roberto Busa), http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/it/index.age
, , http://recremisi.blogspot.gr/p/acrolinxterminologylifecycle.html
, , http://www.sek.edu.gr/
, http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/corpora/
, http://goo.gl/oS7CT4
215

1
Wordfast Anywhere, .
2
Biau & Pym, .
Google Translate .
( ).
3
Matecat. .
4

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,
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(Compensation): ,

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(Correspondence):

(langue).
(Infinite semiosis):

-,
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221

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223
Copyright , 2015
www.kallipos.gr
ISBN: 978-960-603-213-4
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ISBN 978-960-603-213-4

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5.5.1. Roman Jakobson............................................................................................................................................... 136

Michael Cronin (2003/2007) ,

texte, uvre traduit(e)

) translate . Stecconi (2007 .

Holmes (translation psychology)

5. Guidre, M. (2008). Introduction la traductologie, Bruxelles: De Boeck.

- Et tu las cru vraiment, Ekavi?

Ds son entre, je lai reconnu M , . (-)

Un film en noir et blanc

He kissed his daughter on the mouth (

N, . (2001). , : University Studio Press

Kenny (2009) (2001).

3.1. Chesterman (1989).

( Funktionskonstanz, function constancy),

3.2. Koller (1979).

3.3. Vinay & Darbelnet (1958).

(paraphrase, gloss, notes)

3.4. Newmark (1988).

, (Delisle et al. 2008)

: WHO says WHAT, in WHAT CHANNEL, to WHOM, with WHAT EFFECT?.

Bielsa, E. & Bassnett, S. (2009). Translation in Global News. London: Routledge.

House, J. (1997). Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited. Tbingen: Narr.

Milton, J. & Bandia, P. (eds) (2009). Agents of Translation. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Yves Gambier Pour une sociotraduction [ ] (2006),

4.2.1. Pierre Bourdieu

4.2.2. Niklas Luhmann

Luhmann , 1999 2007,

4.2. , (Yannakopoulou 2013, 175).

4.3. , (Yannakopoulou 2013, 175).

Kaindl, K. (2004). bersetzungswissenschaft im interdisziplinren Dialog. Am Beispiel der

Tyulenev, S. (2010). Translation in Intersystemic Interaction: A Case Study of Eighteenth-Century Russia.

Thomas Sebeok (1974, . 213)

, Claude Lvi-Strauss (1958, . 95)

. , Peeter Torop (1998) , , ,

, Stiste (2008, . 309),

5.5.2. Roman Jakobson

5.5.3. Roman Jakobson

. Hermans 2001 [1998], . 134.

Lotman (1990, . 123-124)

. Gentzler (2012 [2001], . 134).

5.7. - Sexy Football

. Kourdis & Yoka 2014.

) . O Barthes (1964, . 130-131)

5.10. repo(we)r Greece.

. Munday (2004, . 139).

multimedia toolkit and

Barthes, R. (1964). Elments de Smiologie. Communications, 4(4), 91-135.

Peirce, Ch. (1931-1948). Collected papers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Wolf, M. (2009). The implications of a Sociological Turn-Methodogical and Disciplinary Questions. In A.

5.13 Pablo Picasso

point of an argument, to win an argument critique qui vise droit au but, se

This report strongly suggests that the reform

S'ils ne sont pas lettre morte aujourd'hui, les

En 1995, la rflexion institutionnelle postMaastricht en tait ses balbutiements. En juin

, tait ses balbutiements .

Mr President, can I also take the opportunity to

Mais le Sieur Le Pen ne peut s'en empcher.

tous les affams du monde, toutes celles et

Nous ne torturons pas, a affirm M. George

Tortures Ignacio Ramonet,

Le prestigateur a russi. Spectaculairement

Saint Sharon Dominique