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Dear readers,
This STATIC GK TORNADO is a complete docket of important news and events. The STATIC GK TORNADO is important
and relevant for all competitive exams like IBPS RRB Mains Exam 2016, NABARD 2016, Insurance and UPSC Exams.
STATIC BANKING AWARENESS TORNADO
What is Bank?
Bank is a financial institution which deals in debts and credits. It accepts deposits, lends money and also creates money.
It bridges the gap between the savers and borrowers. Banks are not merely traders in money but also in an important
sense manufacturer of money.
Primary banking functions of the banks include:
1. Acceptance of deposits
2. Advancing loans
3. Creation of credit
4. Clearing of cheques
5. Financing foreign trade
6. Remittance of funds
Demonetization :
Withdrawal of a particular form of currency (such as gold coins) from circulation.
On 8th November 2016 GOI made history by taking a striking bold step to demonetize Rs.500 & Rs.1000 note to reform
the finance sector. Making 86 per cent of the currency in circulation illegal in one stroke.
History of Demonetization in India:
First demonetization : Pre Independence era in year 1946.
The highest denomination note ever printed by the Reserve Bank of India was the Rs 10,000 note in 1938 and again
in 1954. But these notes were demonetized in January 1946 and again in January 1978, according to RBI data to
curb counterfeit and black money.
Sources of Black Money :
Corruption
Tax evasion
Countries Implemented Demonetization :
Nigeria
Ghana
Pakistan
Zimbabwe
North Korea
Soviet Union
Australia
Myanmar
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The Management of RBI : The Executive head of the RBI is called the Governor, who is assisted by 4 Deputy Governors
and other executive officers.
Present Governor of RBI : Dr. Urjit R. Patel is the present governor of RBI. He assumed charge as the 24th Governor
of the Reserve Bank of India.
Four Deputy Governor of RBI : There are 4 Deputy Governors of RBI
1. Shri N. S. Vishwanathan
2. R Gandhi and
3. S S Mundra.
4. _________
Note : There are 4 Deputy Governors, but one place is vacant at present so the 3 Deputy Governors are R Gandhi, S S
Mundra and N S Vishwanathan
Powers of RBI
The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 have given the RBI wide powers of:
Supervision and Control over commercial Banks - relating to licensing and establishments,
branch expansion,
liquidity of their assets,
management and methods of working,
amalgamation (merger)
reconstruction and liquidation.
Functions of RBI
Issue of Currency RBI is the sole authority for the issue of currency in India other than one rupee notes and subsidiary
coins, the magnitude of which is relatively small. The RBI is also called Bank of Issue.
Note: The One Rupees notes and coins are issued by the Central Govt., The Ministry of Finance
Banker to the Government As a Bankers to the Govt. RBI performs the following functions:
(i) It accepts money, makes payment and also carries out their exchange and remittances for the Govt.
(ii) It makes loans and advances to the States and local authorities.
(iii) It also sells treasury bills to maintain liquidity in the economy.
(iv) It makes ways and means advances to the Governments for 90 days.
(v) It acts as adviser to the Government on all monetary and banking matters.
Bankers Bank The RBI has extensive power to control and supervise commercial banking system under the RBI Act,
1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 149.
(i) The Banks are required to maintain a minimum of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) with RBI.
(ii) The RBI provides financial assistance to scheduled banks and state cooperative banks.
(iii) Enables banks to maintain their accounts with RBI for statutory reserve requirements and maintenance of
transaction balances.
Custodian of foreign exchange reserves The RBI functions as the custodian and manager of forex reserves, and
operates within the overall policy framework agreed upon with Government of India.
(i) The reserves refer to both foreign reserves in the form of gold assets in the Banking Department and foreign
securities held by the Issue Department, and domestic reserves in the form of bank reserves.
(ii) Foreign exchange reserves are important indicators of ability to repay foreign debt and for currency defense, and
are used to determine credit ratings of nations.
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(iii) Its commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, special drawing rights,(SDRs) and International Monetary
Fund(IMF) reserve positions.
Controller of credit Credit control is generally considered to be the principal function of Central Bank. By making
frequent changes in monetary policy, it ensures that the monetary system in the economy functions according to the
nations need and goals.
(i) It can do so through changing the Bank rate or through open market operations.
(ii) It controls the credit operations of banks through quantitative and qualitative controls.
(iii) It controls the banking system through the system of licensing, inspection and calling for information.
Lender of last resort Lender of the last resort means Central Bank (RBI) helps all the commercial and other banks in
time of financial crises.
(i) It can come to the rescue of a bank that is solvent but faces temporary liquidity problems by supplying it with much
needed liquidity when no one else is willing to extend credit to that bank.
(ii) The Reserve Bank extends this facility to protect the interest of the depositors of the bank and to prevent possible
failure of the bank, which in turn may also affect other banks and institutions and can have an adverse impact on
financial stability and thus on the economy.
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Note : If SLR increases, banks need to keep more liabilities (deposits) with them and provides less loans to people. If SLR
decreases, banks need to keep fewer liabilities (deposits) with them and provides more loans to people. Changes in SLR
often influence the availability of resources in the banking system for lending to the private sector.
Repo Rate It is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks in the event of any shortfall of funds. It is the
rate of interest which RBI implements on the short term loans, i.e., from a period ranging between 2 days to 3 months
(90 Days). It is used by monetary authorities to control inflation. A reduction in the repo rate helps banks get money at
a cheaper rate and vice versa.
Reverse Repo Rate It is the rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Banks are always happy to
lend money to the RBI since their money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in reverse repo rate can
prompt banks to park more funds with the RBI to earn higher returns on idle cash. It is also a tool which can be used by
the RBI to drain excess money out of the banking system.
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) - A facility under which scheduled commercial banks can borrow additional amount of
overnight money from the Reserve Bank by dipping into their SLR portfolio up to a limit (currently two per cent of their
net demand and time liabilities deposits) at a penal rate of interest (currently 100 basis points above the repo rate). This
provides a safety valve against unanticipated liquidity shocks to the banking system. MSF rate and reverse repo rate
determine the corridor for the daily movement in short term money market interest rates.
Bank Rate - Bank rate is the rate of interest implemented by RBI when it lends money to a public sector bank on a long
term basis, i.e. from a period ranging from 90 days to 1 year. Under this definition, Bank Rate and Repo Rate seem to
be similar terms because both are the interest rates at which RBI lends money to banks.
However, the Repo Rate is a short-term measure and refers to short-term loans used for controlling the amount of
money in the market, whereas Bank Rate is a long-term measure and is governed by the long-term monetary policies of
the RBI. Bank rate is also referred to as the discount rate and is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on the
loans and advances to a commercial bank.
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country code
7th and 8th digits
location code
9th 10th and 11th digits
branch code (optional).
History of Banking in India Banking system commenced in India with the foundation of Bank of Hindustan in Calcutta
(now Kolkata) in 1770 which ceased to operate in 1832. After that many banks came but some were not successful like
General Bank of India (1786-1791)
Oudh Commercial Bank (1881-1958) the first commercial bank of India.
Whereas some are successful and continue to lead even now like
Allahabad Bank (est. 1865)
Punjab National Bank (est. 1894, with HQ in Lahore (that time)
Bank of India (est. 1906)
Bank of Baroda (est. 1908)
Central Bank of India (est. 1911)
While some others like Bank of Bengal (est. 1806), Bank of Bombay (est. 1840), Bank of Madras (est. 1843) merged into
a single entity in 1921 which came to be known as Imperial Bank of India.
Imperial Bank of India was later renamed in 1955 as the State Bank of India.
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In April 1935, Reserve Bank of India was formed based on the recommendation of Hilton Young Commission (setup in
1926).
The Indian banking sector is broadly classified into scheduled banks and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled banks
are those which are included under the 2nd Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
The scheduled banks are further classified into : nationalised banks; State Bank of India and its associates; Regional Rural
Banks (RRBs); foreign banks; and other Indian private sector banks. The term commercial banks refer to both scheduled
and non-scheduled commercial banks which are regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Nationalization Nationalization is the process of taking a private industry or private assets into public ownership by a
national government or state. Need for nationalization in India:
a) The banks mostly catered to the needs of large industries, big business houses.
b) Sectors such as agriculture, small scale industries and exports were lagging behind.
c) The poor masses continued to be exploited by the moneylenders.
Following this, in the year 1949, 1st January the Reserve Bank of India was nationalized.
Meanwhile on the recommendation of M. Narsimhan committee, RRBs (Regional Rural Banks) were formed on Oct 2,
1975. The objective behind the formation of RRBs was to serve large unserved population of rural areas and promoting
financial inclusion.
Other Banks :
Bandhan Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking and financial services company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.
Bandhan, which started as a micro-finance company in 2001, received banking license by Reserve Bank of India in 2014.
CEO - Chandra Shekhar Ghosh
Chairman - Ashok Lahiri
IDFC Bank Ltd. - is an Indian banking company with headquarters in Mumbai that forms part of IDFC, an integrated
infrastructure finance company. The bank started operations on 1 October 2015. IDFC received a universal banking
license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in July 2015. On 6th November, 2015, IDFC Bank was listed on BSE and NSE.
CEO - Dr. Rajiv B. Lall
Public Sector Banks Public Sector Banks (PSBs) are banks where a majority stake (i.e. more than 50%) is held by a
government. The shares of these banks are listed on stock exchanges. There are a total of 27 PSBs in India [21
Nationalised banks + 6 State bank group (SBI + 5 associates)]. In 2011 IDBI bank and in 2014 Bharatiya Mahila Bank were
nationalized with a minimum capital of Rs 500 cr. For Ex Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, etc.
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Private Banks The private-sector banks in India represent part of the Indian banking sector that is made up of both
private and public sector banks. The "private-sector banks" are banks where greater parts of stake or equity are held by
the private shareholders and not by government. For ex ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, etc.
Regional Rural Banks - Regional Rural Banks are local level banking organizations operating in different States of India.
They have been created with a view to serve primarily the rural areas of India with basic banking and financial services.
However, RRB's may have branches set up for urban operations and their area of operation may include urban areas
too. The Government of India, the concerned State Government and the bank, which had sponsored the RRB
contributed to the share capital of RRBs in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35%, respectively.
What is NBFC?
Non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) are financial institutions that provide banking services without meeting the legal
definition of a bank, i.e. one that does not hold a banking license. These institutions typically are restricted from taking
deposits from the public depending on the jurisdiction. Nonetheless, operations of these institutions are often still
covered under a country's banking regulations.
NBFCs are doing functions similar to banks. What is difference between banks & NBFCs?
NBFCs lend and make investments and hence their activities are similar to that of banks; however there are a few
differences as given below:
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What is KYC?
It is a process by which banks obtain information about the identity and address of the customers. This process helps to
ensure that banks services are not misused. The KYC procedure is to be completed by the banks while opening accounts
and also periodically update the same.
KYC guidelines were introduced in year 2002 by RBI and all banks were asked to make all accounts KYC compliant by 31
December 2005. These guidelines are issued under Section 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
KYC documents - These are the documents used to establish customers identity. Banks need two types of document
one for identity another for address.
Individual : Identity: Pan card, Passport, Aadhar card, Voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto banks
satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing identity of the customer.
Address : Telephone bill, electricity bill, Aadhar card, voter id card, Driving license, any other identity card upto banks
satisfaction, letter from recognised public authority establishing address and identity of the customer, letter from
employer, letter from landlord along with kyc of landlord.
Note: If a person is unable to produce necessary documents mentioned, a relaxation is extended if:
1. Balance < Rs. 50000 for all a/cs taken together
2. Total credit in all a/cs for a year < Rs. 1,00,000
Such customer needs to be introduced from an existing customer at least six months old and having full KYC. Also,
transactions are to be stopped in such a/cs once Balance reaches Rs. 40,000 or total credit reaches Rs. 80,000.
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The need for financial inclusion raised when even after years of Independence 40% population lacked access to basic
banking products. And apart from poverty, illiteracy and lack of regular income the major barriers are lack of reach, high
cost of transactions and time.
Regulatory steps taken by Reserve Bank of India in this regard BSBDA (Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account)
No requirement for any minimum balance.
No limit on the number of deposits while restriction on withdrawal to 4.
Relaxation in KYC guidelines
Use of extensive technology in banking
Appointing business correspondents and business facilitators
Opening of branches in unbanked rural areas
Licensing of differentiated banks like Payment Bank and Small Bank
Schemes launched by Government of India to promote financial inclusion are PMJDY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana) The main features of this scheme are
(i) The slogan of the scheme is Mera Khata Bhagya Vidhaata
(ii) The scheme provided Rs 5,000 overdraft facility for Aadhar linked accounts and RuPay Debit Card for all account
holders
(iii) An accident insurance cover of up to Rs. 1 Lakh is also provided.
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana The main features of this scheme are
(i) For personal accident insurance
(ii) Age group: 18-70 years
(iii) Sum assured: Rs 2 lakh, while premium: Rs 12 per annum
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana The main features of this scheme are
(i) For life insurance
(ii) Age group: 18-50 years
(iii) Sum assured: Rs 2 lakh, while premium: Rs 330 per annum
Atal Pension Yojana The main features of this scheme are
(i) For pension purpose
(ii) Age group: 18-40 years
(iii) Fixed pension: Rs 1000-5000 per month at age of 60 years.
Banking products that play a crucial role in the expansion of Financial Inclusion a. Savings-cum-overdraft account
b. Remittance products
c. Savings product
d. Kisan credit card (KCC) or General credit card (GCC)
Fund Allocation - Reserve Bank of India recently created a new Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF) with funding of Rs 2000
Crore for expanding the reach of banking services. The new Financial Inclusion Fund is created by merging Financial
Inclusion Fund and Financial Inclusion Technology Fund into a single Fund Financial Inclusion Fund (FIF). The new FIF
will be maintained by NABARD.
In addition to this, Reserve Bank of India constituted a 14 member committee under the chairmanship of RBI
executive director Deepak Mohanty. It will work out a five-year action plan to spread the reach of financial services to
unbanked population.
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Benefits of Financial Inclusion It offers potential for increasing banking business by bringing more and more customers to bank It seeks to improve
the standard of living of vast majority of poor persons.
It enhances the number of Bankable customers.
It boosts the growth of Banking Business.
It can bridge the Urban-Rural divide.
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It was set up in 1990 through an act of parliament; it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of
Industrial Development Bank of India. Headquarter Lucknow.
What is NABARD?
NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivaraman Committee on 12 July 1982 to implement the National
Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. Its headquarter located in Mumbai. Present Chairman is Dr. Harsh
Kumar Bhanwala.
It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of
India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC).
It is one of the premiere agencies to provide credit in rural areas. NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank
with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale industries,
cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts.
What is SEBI?
SEBI is the regulator for the Securities Market in India. Head office located in Mumbai.
Originally set up by the Government of India in 1988, it acquired statutory form in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being
passed by the Indian Parliament. U.K Sinha is the present Chairman of SEBI.
Note: The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) is the chief regulator of commodity futures markets in India was merged
with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on 28 September 2015.
What is SENSEX and NIFTY?
SENSEX is the short term for the words "Sensitive Index" and is associated with the Bombay (Mumbai) Stock Exchange
(BSE). The SENSEX was first formed on 1-1-1986 and used the market capitalization of the 30 most traded stocks of BSE.
NSE - Whereas NSE has 50 most traded stocks of NSE.
Note :
SENSEX IS THE INDEX OF BSE and NIFTY IS THE INDEX OF NSE.
Both will show daily TRADING MARKS. Sensex and Nifty both are an "index.
An index is basically an indicator it indicates whether most of the stocks have gone up or most of the stocks have
gone down.
What is CRM?
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) refers to the ability to understand, anticipate and manage the needs of the
customer, interaction and relationship resulting in increased profitability through revenue and margin growth and
operational efficiencies.
What is Right to information Act?
The Right to Information act is a law enacted by the Parliament of India giving citizens of India access to records of the
Central Government and State governments. The Act applies to all States and Union Territories of India, except the State
of Jammu and Kashmir - which is covered under a State-level law. This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005
and came fully into force on 13 October 2005.
What is Recession?
A true economic recession can only be confirmed if GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth is negative for a period of
two or more consecutive quarters.
What is Sub-prime crisis?
The Subprime crisis is due to sub-prime lending. These are the loans given to the people having low credit rating.
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What is IPO?
IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the f irst offering of shares to the general public from a company wishes to list on
the stock exchange.
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uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may
be some rescue or recovery value.
Reasons for NPA Macroeconomic situations: When a country is not growing on expected lines i.e. GDP is not growing, no demand for
goods, then industry suffers and not able to payback.
Increased Interest Rate: The loan is taken at a time when interest rates were much higher than the present interest
rate.
When some sectors of the economy are doing bad like Infrastructure, Power due to Land acquisition and forest
related issues and environment clearances.
Willful defaulting: When one is able to pay but is not paying like Vijay Mallya.
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Filing of Criminal Cases - Criminal cases can be filed against the borrower if the banks feel the non-repayment of the
debt is due to wilful default. Example is Vijay Mallya defaulting onSBI, UCO, United Bank of India.
Winding up petitions - Under the Companies Act, if a borrower fails to pay back the loan, a petition can be filed. For this
a Official liquidator is appointed. It is a long procedure and may not give satisfactory results to banks.
Apart from the steps described above Banks can take other prudential steps, which are:
1. Corrective Action Plan: As per RBI Before the loan becomes an NPA, classify them as
SMA-0 (Special Mention Account) = upto 30 days.
SMA-1 = 31 to 60 days.
SMA-2 =61 to 90 days.
In order to take corrective actions.
2. Joint lenders forum: RBI has mandated to constitute a Joint Lenders Forum at SMA-2 stage, if the loan exposure is
more than Rs 100 Crore or more.
3. Strategic Debt Restructuring: RBI has announced to convert debt into equity i.e. Bank will assume the role of
management (ownership).
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Tier 2
Debts (bond)
Preferential Shares
Less liquid
Out of the 9% (of RWA) capital adequacy requirement, 7 % (of RWA) has to be met by Tier 1 capital while the remaining
2%(of RWA) by Tier 2 capital.
Risk weighted assets Every bank assigns its assets some weight-age based on the risk involved. Thus apply a weight
percentage to each of its assets.
For example Lets say a bank lends Rs 100 to a person for home loan and Rs 100 to a person to start a new company.
Banks total asset = Rs 100 + Rs 100 = Rs 200
Lets imagine home loan has high probability of being repaid than the loan to person to start a company.
i.e. Risk Weight of Home Loan = 50% and Risk Weight of loan for company = 90%
Risk Weighted Assets of Bank = 50% of 100 + 90% of 100 = 50 + 90 = Rs 140.So out of total assets worth Rs 200, Rs 140
are risk weighted assets.
Bank need 9% of RWA as Capital. Bank need 9% of 140 = Rs 12.6 as Capital.
Means, out of Rs 200 that a bank lends, Rs 12.6 must be funded with Capital. Rest, Rs 187.4 can be from the money that
bank borrowed.
Secondly it also introduces the concept of leverage ratio, it measures the ratio of banks total assets to banks capital.
Under the new set of guidelines, RBI has set the leverage ratio at 4.5% (3% under Basel III).
Leverage Ratio = Capital/Total Asset
Concept of leverage
for e.g. - If you have Rs 100 and you invest them and earns a profit of 10% i.e. you have profit of Rs 10 on Rs 100.This is
called non leverage profit.
Now again you have Rs 100 and you borrow Rs 400 and invest Rs 500, earns a profit of 10% i.e. you earn Rs 50 on your
Rs 100. This is called leverage profit.
With Higher leverage, Banks Profit/Loss = Higher = Higher Risk also!
So now leverage ratio of 4.5% means for every Rs bank funds itself with, it can lend up to 22.22 Rs.
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2. Liquidity - During the global crisis 2008, the apparently strong banks of the world ran into difficulties when the
interbank wholesale funding market witnessed a seizure. Thus in Indian context, it would mean an additional burden
of maintaining liquidity along with the SLR requirement.
3. Technology - BCBS is in the process of making significant changes in standard approach for computing RWAs for all
three risk areas. Banks may need to upgrade their systems and processes to be able to compute capital requirements
based on revised standard approach.
4. Skill development - Implementation of the new capital accord requires higher specialized skills in banks.
5. Governance - One can have the capital, the liquid assets and the infrastructure. But corporate governance will be
the deciding factor in the ability of a bank to meet the challenges. Strong capital gives financial strength, it cannot
assure good performance unless backed by good corporate governance.
Steps Taken by Government GOI has allowed banks to access markets to raise capital while maintaining a minimum 52% shareholding.
Govt. also launched a scheme called INDRADHANUSH to revamp PSBs. This scheme seeks to improve the efficiency
and functioning of banks thereby reducing the bad assets. And also plans to infuse Rs 70,000 crore in the banking
system over next 5 years.
In this regard government also announced two banks as DSIBs i.e. SBI and ICICI, based on the criteria of size,
interconnectedness, complexity and substitutability.
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 Negotiable instruments are written orders or unconditional promises to pay a fixed
sum of money on demand or at a certain time. Negotiable instruments may be transferred from one person to another,
who is known as a holder in due course. Upon transfer, also called negotiation of the instrument, the holder obtains full
legal title to the instrument. Negotiable instruments may be transferred by delivery or by endorsement and delivery.
For e.g. promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques, drafts, certificates of deposit are all examples of negotiable
instruments.
Cheque - Cheque is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, addressed to a banker, sign by the
person who has deposited money with the banker, requiring him to pay on demand a certain sum of money only to
or to the order of certain person or to the bearer of instrument."
Bearer Cheque - The bearer cheque is payable to the person specified therein or to any other else who presents it
to the bank for payment. However, such cheques are risky, this is because if such cheques are lost, the finder of the
cheque can collect payment from the bank.
Order Cheque - It is the one which is payable to a particular person. In such a cheque the word bearer may be cut
out or cancelled and the word order may be written. The payee can transfer an order cheque to someone else by
signing his or her name on the back of it.
Crossed cheque - When a cheque is crossed, the holder cannot encash it at the counter of the bank. The payment
of such cheque is only credited to the bank account of the payee. Crossed cheque is done by drawing two parallel
lines across top left corner of the cheque, with or without writing Account payee in the space between the lines.
A self cheque - It is written by the account holder as pay self to receive money in physical form from the branch
where he holds his account. This can be alternated by using an ATM card.
Post-dated cheque (PDC) - A PDC is a form of a crossed or account payee bearer cheque but post-dated to meet the
said financial payment at a future date. The cheque is valid from the date of issue to three months.
A Bankers cheque - A bankers cheque is issued by a bank drawing money from its own funds rather than that from
an account holders. Bankers cheque is issued after the bank verifies the account status of the requestor and the
amount is immediately deducted from the customers account. A bankers cheque cannot be dishonored as in the
case of a normal cheque, when an account holder has insufficient funds in his/her account. Though different from a
normal cheque it requires clearing too.
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Stale Cheque - If a cheque is presented for payment after three months from the date of the cheque it is called stale
cheque. A stale cheque is not honoured by the bank.
Demand Drafts
A DD is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange. It is used for effecting transfer of money. A bank issues a
DD to a client (Drawer), directing another bank (Drawee) or one its own branches to pay a certain sum to the specified
party (Payee) directly without involving the drawing bank after presenting.
Some of the differences between a cheque and a DD are:
The amount mentioned on the DD is collected by the bank from the drawer prior to drawing the DD, whereas the
amount mentioned on the cheque is debited only when the cheque is presented for payment.
The payment of cheque can be stopped by the drawer of the cheque, whereas the payment of a DD cannot be
stopped.
A cheque can bounce or be dishonoured, but a DD cannot be bounced and dishonored because it is already paid.
A DD will bounce only when the drawee bank does not have enough funds to honour the cheque.
A cheque can be made payable either to a bearer or to order. But a DD is always payable to order of certain person
or organization, it cannot be a bearer draft
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Advantage of CTS
Since there is no physical movement of cheques, there is no fear of loss of cheque in transit.
Usage of CTS cheques also means quicker clearance, shorter clearing cycle and speedier credit of the amount to your
account.
Depending on whether the cheque is local or outstation, the cheque can get cleared on the same day or within 24
hours.
The biggest advantage is that CTS-compliant cheques are more secure than old cheques and, hence, less prone to
frauds. Also, as the system matures, it is proposed to integrate multiple locations and reduce geographical
restrictions in cheque clearing.
Small Banks
The purpose of the small banks will be to provide a whole suite of basic banking products such as deposits and supply
of credit, but in a limited area of operation. The aim of small banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country. The
small bank shall be registered as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 2013.
Committee on Small Banks - The applications will be analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee (EAC).
The EAC for small banks will be chaired by Usha Thorat, former deputy governor, RBI.
RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to the 10 applicants to set up Small Finance Banks. The central bank had received 72
applications for setting up small finance bank licences.
The in-principle approval granted will be valid for 18 months to enable the applicants to comply with the requirements
under the Guidelines and fulfil other conditions as may be stipulated by the RBI.
Key points Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for small banks is Rs. 100 crore.
As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to
be locked in for a period of 5 years.
Small banks will offer both deposits as well as loan products.
They cannot set up subsidiaries to undertake non-banking financial services activities.
The maximum loan size and investment limit exposure to single/group borrowers/issuers would be restricted to 15
per cent of total capital funds.
Loans and advances of up to Rs 25 lakhs, primarily to micro enterprises, should constitute at least 50 per cent of the
loan portfolio.
For the first three years, 25 per cent of branches should be in unbanked rural areas.
The foreign shareholding in the bank would be as per the extant FDI policy.
For the initial three years, prior approval will be required for branch expansion.
Payment Banks
The main objective of payment banks is to increase financial inclusion in the country via a primary focus on domestic
payments services by providing small savings accounts. Payments banks will be used only for transaction and deposits
purposes. Unlike small banks, payments banks cannot lend money.
RBI granted 'in-principle' approval to 11 Payment Banks applicants- Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on 19 August 2015
granted in-principle approval to 11 payment banks applicants under the Guidelines for Licensing of Payments Banks.
Committee on Payment Banks - These applications are analyzed and evaluated by an External Advisory Committee
(EAC). The EAC Committee for Payment Banks is chaired by Dr. Nachiket Mor, Director, Central Board of the Reserve
Bank of India.
Key Points:
Capital requirement - The minimum paid-up capital requirement for payments banks is Rs. 100 crore.
The Reserve Bank grants a license for commencement of banking business under Section 22(1) of the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949.
RBI's in-principle nod will be valid for a period of 18 months, during which time the applicants have to comply with
the requirements under the Guidelines and fulfill the other conditions as may be stipulated by the Reserve bank.
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As per the guidelines, the promoters' initial minimum contribution will be at least 40 % of the minimum capital, to
be locked in for a period of 5 years.
The payments bank will need to invest 75 percent of its funds in government securities.
Payments banks can open small savings accounts and accept deposits of up to Rs.1 lakh per individual customer and
provide remittance services. Hence, the balance at the close of business on any day should not exceed Rs.1 lakh per
customer.
Payments banks can issue debit cards but they are not eligible to provide credit card facilities.
Payments Banks are allowed to set up their own ATMs (automated teller machines).
Payments banks will have to invest in government securities with a maturity of up to 1 year.
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What is BSBDA?
Under the guidelines issued on August 10, 2012 by RBI: Any individual, including poor or those from weaker section of
the society, can open zero balance account in any bank.
BSBDA 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' guidelines are applicable to "all scheduled commercial banks in India,
including foreign banks having branches in India".
All the accounts opened earlier as 'no-frills' account should be renamed as BSBDA. Banks are required to convert the
existing 'no-frills' accounts into 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts'.
The BSBDA should be considered as a normal banking service available to all customers, through branches.
The aim of introducing 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' is very much part of the efforts of RBI for furthering
Financial Inclusion objectives.
Certificate of Deposits
Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance
Promissory Note against funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period.
Minimum Size of Issue and Denominations - Minimum amount of a CD should be Rs.1 lakh, i.e., the minimum deposit
that could be accepted from a single subscriber should not be less than Rs.1 lakh, and in multiples of Rs. 1 lakh thereafter.
Maturity - The maturity period of CDs issued by banks should not be less than, from the date of issue.
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market 7 days and not more than one year instrument issued in the form
of a promissory note. It was introduced in India in 1990. Corporates, primary dealers (PDs) and the All-India Financial
Institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue CP.
Minimum & maximum period of maturity prescribed for CP - CP can be issued for maturities between a minimum of 7
days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue. However, the maturity date of the CP should not go
beyond the date up to which the credit rating of the issuer is valid.
Denominations - CP can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof.
Who can invest in CP?
Individuals, banking companies, other corporate bodies (registered or incorporated in India) and unincorporated bodies,
Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) etc. can invest in CPs. However, investment by FIIs
would be within the limits set for them by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) from time-to-time.
Banking Ombudsman Scheme
It is a scheme which allows bank customers resolve complaints relating to services rendered by banks. It was introduced
under Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 by RBI with effect from 1995. Banking Ombudsman is a senior
official appointed by RBI to redress customer complaints against deficiency in certain banking services. All Scheduled
Commercial Banks, RRBs & Scheduled Primary Co- Op Banks are covered under the Scheme.
Some aspects related to the Scheme:
No fee is required for filing and resolving customers complaints.
The amount, if any, to be paid by the bank to the complainant by way of compensation for any loss suffered by the
complainant, is limited to the amount arising directly out of the act or omission of the bank or Rs 10 lakhs, whichever
is lower.
The Banking Ombudsman may award compensation not exceeding Rs 1 lakh to the complainant only in the case of
complaints relating to credit card operations for mental agony and harassment.
If a complaint is not settled by an agreement within a period of one month, the Banking Ombudsman proceeds
further to pass an award.
If one is not satisfied with the decision passed by the Banking Ombudsman, one can approach the appellate authority
against the Banking Ombudsmans decision. The Appellate Authority is vested with a Deputy Governor of the RBI.
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If one is aggrieved by the decision, one may, within 30 days of the date of receipt of the award, appeal against the
award before the appellate authority.
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Note: Now CA & SA together are known as demand deposit, since they are payable on demand. Suppose you need
Rs.5000 today you withdraw Rs.5000 today.
CASA RATIO The Ratio of the deposits in the form of Current Account & Saving Account to the total deposits is
known as CASA Ratio (normally expressed in %). More CASA ratio banks are in the safe zone. ICCI, AXIS, HDFC & SBI
have CASA Ratio more than 40%.
Fixed Deposit and Recurring Deposit - these deposits are TIME deposits (as for specified agreed period b/w you and
the bank). In these deposits interest paid by the bank is slightly higher than CA & SA. Its like sabar ka fal mitha hota
hai.
Note: If you are depositing the money for 1 year you will get the money after 1 year. But if you withdraw before the
agreed period i.e before 1 year, you have to pay penalty. Cheque book facility is not available for time deposits.
Salient Features of FD
FIXED DEPOSIT can be operated for a tenure ranging from 7 days to 10 years in Indian banking system.
Not payable on demand and do not enjoy cheque facility.
Interest rates will be slightly higher for senior citizens (60 + years of age)
Premature withdrawal of the deposits is possible, but it attracts penalty at the rates varying from 0.5% to 1.5%
If the deposits are Rs. 1 Crore or more, they come under bulk deposits and interest rates may vary further.
Loan facility is available on principal as well as on interest.
But in FD you have to pay income tax . If your interest income exceeds Rs. 10000 banks will deduct TDS (Tax diretionate
source) i.e banks itself will deduct income tax.
Recurring Deposit Recurring Deposit is a special kind of Term Deposit offered by banks in India which help people
with regular incomes to deposit a fixed amount every month into their Recurring Deposit account and earn interest
at the rate applicable to Fixed Deposits.
The main objective of recurring deposit account is to develop regular savings habit among the public.
Salient Features of RD
In India, minimum amount that can be deposited is Rs.10 at regular intervals.
The period of deposit is minimum six months and maximum ten years. (Minimum tenure varies banks to banks. Some
banks allow minimum tenure in RD for 3 months.)
Minimum balance can be deposited under RD is Rs. 500 per month and thereafter in multiples of Rs 100/ The rate of interest is higher.
Banking Abbreviations
ABEDA
ACF
ACS
AD
ADB
ADR
AEPS
AFS
AGM
AIC
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KCC
KMB
KVB
KYC
LAB
LAF
LDB
LIBOR
MIBOR
NABARD
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ASSOCHAM
NAS
NAV
NBC
NBFC
NEFT
NFA
SLR
SPNS
ULIP
CFRA
CGRA
CIBIL
CPI
CRAR
ULIP
UPIN
CRMD
CRR
CTI
USB
USD
VDBS
AMFL
AML
ALM
ATM
BCSBI
BIS
BOB
BOI
BOP
BOR
BOT
BR Act
BSCS
BSR
BSE
BSR
BIS
CA
CAD
CAG
CAG
CAR
CB
CBS
CDB
CDBS
CDS
CEPA
25
NFC
NHB
NIB
NPA
NPS
NSE
OMO
OTP
PGS
RBI
RBS
RRB
RTGS
SCB
SCC
SEPA
SEBI
SHGs
SIDBI
SWIFT
UCB
UEBA
UIDAI
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COB
Corporation Bank.
WBCIS
CUB
DTAA
ECB
ECS
EEFC
ELSS
EADB
EBRD
WL ATM
WPFI
WPI
KCC
KMB
KVB
KYC
LAB
NAS
NAV
NBC
EIB
EXIM
FCA
FCCB
FCNRA
FDI
FERA
FICCI
FII
FIMMDA
FIPB
FPI
FTA
GDP
GDR
GFD
GIRO
GAAR
HDFC
IADB
IBPS
IBRD
ICA
ICICI
IDB
IDBI
IDR
IIB
IIBF
IRR
26
LAF
LDB
LIBOR
MIBOR
NABARD
NBFC
NEFT
NFA
NFC
NHB
NIB
NPA
NPS
NSE
OMO
OTP
PGS
RBI
RBS
RRB
RTGS
SCB
SCC
SEPA
SEBI
SHGs
SIDBI
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IMD
IMF
IMPS
SLR
SPNS
SWIFT
IOB
IPO
IRBI
ULIP
UCB
UEBA
STATIC GK TORNADO
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana : is a rural development programme broadly focusing upon the development in the
villages which includes social development, cultural development and spread motivation among the people on
social mobilization of the village community.
List of few important villages adopted by MPs
Narendra Modi has adopted Nagepur village his constituency Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh).
Y. S. Chowdary has adopted Ponnavaram village in Krishna district (Andhra Pradesh).
Sonia Gandhi adopted Udwa village in her constituency Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh).
Rahul Gandhi adopted Deeh village in his constituency Amethi (Uttar Pradesh).
V. K. Singh adopted Mirpur Hindu in his constituency Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh).
Ahmed Patel adopted Vandari village in Rajpipada(Gujarat).
Sachin Tendulkar adopted Puttamraju vari Kandriga(P.R.Kandriga) a village near Gudur in Nellore (Andhra
Pradesh).
Harish Dwivedi adopted Amodha Khas village in Basti(Uttar Pradesh).
Smt. Sushma Swaraj has adopted Aajnas village in Dewas (Madhya Pradesh)
Indian railways:
Indian Railways owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. Indian Railways is
divided into 17 zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions. There are a total of sixty-eight divisions.
Railway Zones
Northern Railway
North Eastern
Railway
Northeast Frontier
Railway
Eastern Railway
South Eastern
Railway
South Central Railway
Abbr.
NR
NER
Zone Headquarters
Delhi
Gorakhpur
Railway Divions
Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow NR, Moradabad
Izzatnagar, Lucknow NER, Varanasi
NFR
Guwahati
ER
SER
Kolkata
Kolkata
Howrah,Sealdah,Asansol,Malda
Adra,Chakradharpur,Kharagpur,Ranchi
SCR
Secunderabad
Southern Railway
SR
Chennai
Central Railway
Western Railway
CR
WR
Mumbai
Mumbai
Secunderabad,Hyderabad,Vijayawada,Guntakal,Gu
ntur, Nanded
Chennai,Tiruchirappalli, Madurai,Palakkad, Salem,
Thiruvananthapuram
Mumbai, Bhusawal,Pune,Solapur, Nagpur
Mumbai WR,Ratlam,Ahmedabad, Rajkot,
Bhavnagar,Vadodara
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South Western
Railway
North Western
Railway
West Central Railway
North Central Railway
South East Central
Railway
East Coast Railway
East Central Railway
SWR
Hubballi
Hubballi,Bengaluru, Mysuru,
NWR
Jaipur
WCR
NCR
SECR
Jabalpur
Allahabad
Bilaspur
ECoR
ECR
Bhubaneswar
Hajipur
Konkan Railway
KR
Kangchenjunga
Mt. Everest
Mawsynram,
Meghalaya, India
Coldest continent
Longest river in India
Longest river in World
Antarctica
Ganga
Nile
Highest waterfall
Biggest forest in world
Biggest forest in India
Largest & Deepest ocean
Angel Falls
Amazon
Van Vihar national Park
Pacific
Gujrat
Russia
Asia
Jallianwala Bagh
Kalindi Kunj
Indian Botanical Garden
Lal Bagh Garden
Lloyds Botanical Garden
Law Garden
Mughal Garden
Nishat Bagh
Shalimar Garden
Shalimar Garden
Botanical Garden
Gulab Bagh (Sajjan Niwas
Garden)
Sim Park
The Jawaharlal Nehru
Botanical Garden
Amritsar
NCR
Howrah
Bangalore
Darjeeling
Ahmedabad
New Delhi
Kashmir
Jammu Kashmir
New Delhi
Ooty
Udaipur
Mumbai
Mysore
Chandigarh
Delhi
Panchkula
Kashmir
Darjeeling
Srinagar
Allahabad
Bangalore
Srinagar
Gandhinagar
Chambal Garden
Chashme Shahi Garden
Kota
Kashmir
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Tamilnadu
Near gangtok
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Location
Location
Chennai, Madras
Kolkata
Mormugao Port
Mumbai Port
Maharashtra,South
Mumbai
Ennore, Chennai
Gujarat, Gulf of
Kutch
Panaji
Goa
West Mumbai,
Maharashtra
Panaji Goa
Kochi, Kerala
Paradip
Tuticorin Port (now
called V.O.Chidambaram
Port)
Visakhapatnam Port
Jagatsinghpur, Odisha
Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Amchang WLS
Chakrashila WLS
Dihing Patkai WLS
East Karbi Anglong WLS
North Karbi Anglong WLS
Bihar
Valmiki National Park
Gautam Budha WLS
Kaimur WLS
Chhatisgarh
Indravati National Park
Kanger Valley National Park
Guru Ghasi Das (Sanjay)
Badalkhol WLS
Bhairamgarh WLS
Bhoramdev WLS
Udanti Wild Buffalo WLS
Goa
Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) National Park
Bondla WLS
Madei WLS
Netravali WLS
Bhagwan Mahavir (Mollem) WLS
Gujarat
Gir National Park & Sasan Gir Sanctuary
Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
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Haryana
Kalesar National Park
Sultanpur National Park
Bhindawas WLS
N Khaparwas WLS
Kalesar WLS
Himachal Pradesh
Pin Valley National Park
Great Himalayan National Park
Inderkilla National Park
Khirganga National Park
Simbalbara National Park
Bandli WLS
Daranghati WLS
Daranghati WLS
Dhauladhar WLS
Nargu WLS
Pong Dam Lake WLS
Shilli WLS
Talra WLS
Gulmarg WLS
Limber WLS
Nandini WLS
Dachigam National Park
Jharkhand
Betla National Park
Lawalong WLS
Palkot WLS
Parasnath WLS
Karnataka
Dandeli National Park
Nagarhole National Park
Bandipur National Park
Bannerghatta National Park
Kudremukh National Park
Anshi national park
Arabithittu WLS
Attiveri WLS
Someshwara WLS
Kerala
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
Eravikulam National Park
Mathikettan Shola National Park
Bhadra WLS
Bhimgad WLS
Brahmagiri WLS
Cauvery WLS
Nugu WLS
Pushpagiri WLS
Ranganathittu Bird WLS
Sharavathi Valley WLS
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Malabar WLS
Mangalavanam Bird WLS
Neyyar WLS
Periyar WLS
Madhya Pradesh
Bandhavgarh National Park
Pench National Park
Kanha National Park
Panna National Park
Madhav National Park
Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
Pench National Park
Sanjay National Park
Satpura National Park
Van Vihar national park
Bori WLS
Gandhi Sagar WLS
Ghatigaon WLS
Ken Gharial WLS
Narsighgarh WLS
National Chambal WLS
Orcha WLS
Kuno WLS
Sardarpur WLS
Son Gharial WLS
Maharastra
Sanjay Gandhi National Park
Chandoli National Park
Navegaon National Park
Tadoba National Park
Gugamal national park
Aner Dam WLS
Bhamragarh WLS
Bhimashankar WLS
Great Indian Bustard WLS
Manipur
Keibul Lamjao National Park
Tipeshwar WLS
Jaikwadi WLS
Koyana WLS
Nagzira WLS
Painganga WLS
Radhanagari WLS
Sagareshwar WLS
Tungareshwar WLS
Yangoupokpi-Lokchao WLS
Meghalaya
Balphakram National Park
Mizoram
Murlen National Park
Phawngpui Blue National Park
Mountain National Park
Dampa WLS (TR)
Ngengpui WLS
Nagaland
Intanki National Park
Fakim WLS
Pualreng WLS
Tokalo WLS
Nokrek National Park
Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS
Nongkhyllem WLS
Puliebadze WLS
Rangapahar WLS
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Odisha
Similipal National Park
Bhitarkanika National Park
Badrama WLS
Baisipalli WLS
Punjab
Abohar WLS
Harike Lake WLS
Rajasthan
Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary/ Bharatpur National Park
Sariska National Park
Ranthambore National Park
Darrah National Park
Desert National Park
Bundh Baratha WLS
Darrah WLS
Sikkim
Khangchendzonga National Park
Fambong Lho WLS
Kitam WLS (Bird)
Maenam WLS
Pangolakha WLS
Tamil Nadu
Mudumalai National Park
Mukurthi National Park
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) National Park
Guindy National Park
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS
Kalakad WLS
Karaivetti WLS
Karikili WLS
Mudumalai WLS
Pulicat Lake WLS
Vaduvoor WLS
Vedanthangal WLS
Vettangudi WLS
Tripura
Bison(Rajbari) National Park
Clouded Leopard National Park
Gumti WLS
Rowa WLS
Sepahijala WLS
Trishna WLS
Uttarakhand
Rajaji National Park
Jim Corbett National Park
Gangotri National Park
Valley of Flowers National Park
Askot Musk Deer WLS
Binsar WLS
Govind Pashu Vihar WLS
Kedarnath WLS
Sonanadi WLS
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Uttar Pradesh
Dudhwa National Park
Hastinapur WLS
Ranipur WLS
Sohagibarwa WLS
West Bengal
Sunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary
Buxa National Park
Neora Valley NationalPark
Singalila National Park
Ballavpur WLS
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Karnataka
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Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Nagaland
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Rawatbhata
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
Cities
Amritsar
Ahmedabad
Famous names
Pink City
Gateway of India
Cities
Jaipur
Mumbai
Mumbai
Cochin
Bangalore
Bangalore
Bangalore
Bangalore
Twin City
City of Festivals
Deccan Queen
City of Buildings
Dakshin Ganga
Hyderabad, Secunderabad
Madurai
Pune
Kolkata
Godavari
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River
Dam
Bhagirathi
Sutlej
Periyar
Yamuna
Narmada
Krishna
Raavi
Chenab
Krishna
Chenab
Koyna
Rihand
Tapi
Narmada
Suru
Tehri Dam
Bhakra Dam
Idukki arch Dam
Lakhwar Dam
Sardar Sarover Dam
Srisailam Dam
Ranjit Sagar Dam
Baglihar Dam
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
Salal Dam
Koyna Dam
Rihand Dam
Ukai Dam
Indira Sagar Dam
Chutak Hydroelectric Power plant
Sindhu
Jhelum
Kaveri
Mahanadi
Chambal
Chambal
Bhagirathi
Chambal
Narmada
Periyar
Mettur Dam
Hirakud Dam
Jawahar Sagar Dam
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam
Koteshwar Dam
Gandhi Sagar Dam
Omkareshwar Dam
Mullaperiyar Dam
Field
Petroleum Production
Fish Production
Leather/nonconventional(India)/Cocoa production
Jute Production
Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
Food grains
Fertilizer
Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production
Meat & Tomato Production
Potato
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Cotton
Egg/Poultry Production
Milk/Dairy production
Oil Seeds production
Overall development of Agriculture
Folk Dance
Changu
Bihu
Chhau
Garba
Dumhal
Padayani
Dollu Kunitha
Lavani
Gaur
Classical Dance
Kuchipudi
Rauf
Kathakali
Manipuri
Odissi
Changu
Bhangra
(i) Gair
(ii) Ghoomar
Karagam
Bharat Natyam
Kathak
Chhau
Monuments
Assam
Bihar
Delhi (NCT)
Gujarat
Haryana
Jammu and Kashmir
Kerala
Maharashtra
Temples
(i) Srisailam Temple
(ii) Tirupathi Temple
(i) Kamakhya Temple
(ii) Sukresvara Temple
Mahabodhi Temple
Dal Lake
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Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Water Falls
Barehipani Falls
Dudhsagar Falls
Nohkalikai Falls
Langshiang Falls
Jog Falls or Gersoppa falls
(Plunge waterfalls)
Magod Falls
Lushington Falls or Unchalli Falls or
Keppa Jog falls
Sivasamudram Falls
Kunchikal Falls (Tiered waterfalls)
Hundru Falls
Kapildhara Falls
International
Venezuela
Venezuela
USA
South Africa
Australia
Water Falls
Angel
Kukenaam
Ribbon
Tugela
Wollomombi
Brazil
Canada
Guaria
Niagara
Zimbabwe
Victoria
City
Port Blair
Visakhapatnam
Hyderabad
Guwahati
State
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
New Delhi
Goa
Ahmedabad
Bengaluru
Mangalore
Kochi
Kozhikode
Thiruvananthapuram
Mumbai
Delhi
Goa
Gujarat
Karnataka
Karnataka
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Maharashtra
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Nagpur
Maharashtra
Imphal
Bhubaneswar
Amritsar
Jaipur
Chennai
Coimbatore
Tiruchirapalli
Lucknow
Varanasi
Kolkata
Manipur
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
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36030 Parallel north forms the boundary between the Tennessee and Commonwealth of Kentucky
between the Tennessee River and the Mississippi River, the boundary between Missiouri and
Arkansas west of the White River, and the northernmost boundary between the Texas and the
Oklahoma.
37th Parallel north formed the southern boundary of the historic and extralegal Territory of
Jefferson.
38th Parallel is the parallel of latitude which separates North Korea and South Korea.
39th Parallel north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 39 degrees north of the Earths equatorial
plane.
40th Parallel north formed the original northern boundary of the British Colony of Maryland.
41th Parallel north forms the northern boundary of the State of Colorado with Nebraska and
Wyoming and the southern boundary of the State of Wyoming with Colorado and Utah.
42nd Parallel north forms most of the New York - Pennsylania Border.
43rd Parallel north forms most of the boundary between the State of Nebraska and the State of South
Dakota and also formed the northern border of the historic and extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
The Parallel 440 north is an imaginary circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earths
equatorial plane.
45th Parallel north is often called the halfway point between the Equator and the North Pole. The
45th parallel makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming. 45th parallel of south
latitude is the east-west line that marks the theoretical halfway point between the equator and the
South Pole.
49th Parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada
Place
Delhi
Brabourne Stadium
Green Park Stadium
Wankhede Stadium
Barabati Stadium
Mumbai
Kanpur
Mumbai
Cuttack
Eden Gardens
Kolkata
Name of Stadium
Himachal Pradesh Cricket
Association Stadium
M Chinnaswamy Stadium
M.A. Chidambaram Stadium
Sawai Mansingh Stadium
Punjab Cricket Association
Stadium
Green Park Stadium
Place
Dharamshala
Bangalore
Chennai
Jaipur
Mohali
Kanpur
Australia
Name of Stadium
Place
Name of Stadium
Place
Adelaide Oval
Adelaide
Darwin
Bundaberg Rum
Cairns
Melbourne
Telstra Dome
Melbourne
Sydney
Manuka Oval
Canberra
W.A.C.A. Ground
Perth
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Bangladesh
Name of Stadium
Bangabandhu National
Stadium
England
Name of Stadium
Edgbaston
Headingley
Lord's
Old Trafford
New Zealand
Name of Stadium
Basin Reserve
Eden Park
Jade Stadium
Pakistan
Name of Stadium
Arbab Niaz Stadium
Ayub National Stadium
South Africa
Name of Stadium
Kingsmead
New Wanderers
Stadium
Newlands
Sri Lanka
Name of Stadium
Colombo Cricket Club
Ground
Galle International
Stadium
P.Saravanamuttu
Stadium
West Indies
Name of Stadium
Sabina Park Kingston
Antigua Recreation
Ground St John's
Place
Dhaka
Name of Stadium
Chittagong Stadium
Place
Chittagong
Place
Birmingham
Leeds
London
Manchester
Name of Stadium
St Lawrence Ground
The Brit Oval
Trent Bridge
Sophia Gardens
Place
Canterbury
London
Nottingham
Cardiff
Place
Wellington
Name of Stadium
John Davies Oval
Place
Queenstown
Auckland
Christchurch
McLean Park
Napier
Place
Peshawar
Quetta
Name of Stadium
Gaddafi Stadium
Place
Lahore
Place
Durban
Johannesburg
Name of Stadium
St George's Park
Centurion Super Sport
Park
Place
Port Elizabeth
Pretoria
Place
Colombo
Name of Stadium
R.Premadasa Stadium
Place
Colombo
Galle
Colombo
Name of Stadium
Kensington Oval
Bridgetown
Mindoo Phillip Park
Castries
Place
Barbados
Cape Town
Colombo
Place
Jamaica
Antigua
40
St Lucia
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
Guyana
Guyana
Zimbabwe
Name of Stadium
Bulawayo Athletic Club
Harare Sports Club
Place
Bulawayo
Harare
Name of Stadium
Kwekwe Sports Club
Queens Sports Club
Place
Kwekwe
Bulawayo
Place
Abu Dhabi
Name of Stadium
Sharjah Cricket Stadium
Place
Sharjah
Bharat Ratna: It is the highest civilian award of the India. The award was given for outstanding
achievements in the arts, literature, science and public services but the government expanded the criteria
to include "any field of human endeavor". The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of
three in a particular year.
2. Nobel Prize : The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of
literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.
3. Saraswati Samman (Literature): The award was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It is an
annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
4. Jnanpith award (Literature): The award was instituted in 1961 and it is It is presented by the Bharatiya
Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the newspaper The Times of India. It
is an annual award given for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian languages.
5. Vyas Samman (Literature): Vyas Samman is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation in recognition
of the Hindi literary work published in past 10 years.
6. Bihari Puraskar (Literature): Bihari Puraskar is a literary award instituted by K. K. Birla Foundation. The
award is named after the famous Hindi poet Bihari and is awarded to an outstanding work published in
Hindi or Rajasthani by a Rajasthani writer.
7. Moorti Devi Award (Literature): The Moortidevi Award is an annual literary award in India presented by
the Bharatiya Jnanpith organization for a work which emphasizes Indian philosophy and culture.
8. Booker Prize (Literature): It is an annual award for the best original novel, written in the English language,
and published in the UK literary award
9. Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Cinema/Films): The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in
cinema. It is presented annually at the National Film Awards ceremony by the Directorate of Film Festivals,
an organisation set up by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
10. Arjuna Award: Outstanding performance from the sportspersons in sports and games.The Government
has modified the format of Arjuna Award very recently and as per the revised schematic guidelines a
sportsperson must have very good consistent performances for the previous 3 years at the international
level to be considered as eligible for the Award.
11. Dronacharya Award: Eminent coaches of any particular sport.The award is named after the very famous
archery coach, mentioned in the epic of India known as the Mahabharata. This very award is not related
with the sportspersons who are still playing in the field; instead this is related to those eminent coaches
of any particular sport.
41
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
12. Dhyan Chand Award: The award that is given to the veteran sportspersons of India for their lifetime
achievement in their respective field of sport is named as the Dhyan Chand Award for Life Time
Achievement in Sports and Games.
13. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award: The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is the highest honour bestowed to a
sportsperson for his/her achievements in India.
14. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (Science & Technology): The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science
and Technology (SSB) is a science award in India given annually by the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) for notable and outstanding research, applied or fundamental, in biology, chemistry,
environmental science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and Physics.
15. Kalinga Prize (Science): The Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science is an award given by UNESCO
for exceptional skill in presenting scientific ideas to lay people.
16. Pulitzer Prize (Journalism): The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper and online
journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States.
17. Abel Prize (Mathematics): The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government
of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians.
18. Grammy Award (Music): A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of
Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music
industry.
19. Stirling Prize (Architecture): The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for
excellence in architecture.
20. Aga Khan Award (Architecture): The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (AKAA) is an architectural prize
established by Aga Khan IV in 1977. It aims to identify and reward architectural concepts that successfully
address the needs and aspirations of Islamic societies in the fields of contemporary design, social housing,
community development and improvement.
21. Pritzker Prize (Architecture): The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living
architect.
Headquarter
Kolkata
Tagline
A Tradition of Trust
Andhra Bank
Bank of Baroda
Bank of India
Bank of Maharashtra
Bharatiya Mahila Bank Limited
Canara Bank
Central Bank of India
Corporation Bank
Dena Bank
Indian Bank
Indian Overseas Bank
Oriental Bank of Commerce
Punjab National Bank
Punjab & Sind Bank
State Bank of India
Hyderabad
Vadodara
Mumbai
Pune
New Delhi
Bangalore
Mumbai
Mangalore
Mumbai
Chennai
Chennai
New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi
Mumbai
42
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Syndicate Bank
Union Bank of India
United Bank of India
UCO Bank
Vijaya Bank
IDBI Bank Ltd
Manipal
Mumbai
Kolkata
Kolkata
Bangalore
Mumbai
Headquarter
Beijing, China
Shanghai, China
K.V. Kamath
Manila, Philippines
Washington DC, US
Takehiko Nakao
Christine Lagarde
Washington DC, US
New York, US
New York, US
New York, US
Geneva, Switzerland
Mukhisa Kituyi
Geneva, Switzerland
Margaret Chan
Geneva, Switzerland
Geneva, Switzerland
Klaus Schwab
Guy Ryder
Geneva, Switzerland
Geneva, Switzerland
Geneva, Switzerland
Roberto Azevedo
Petteri Taalas
(Secretary-General)
Francis Gurry
Geneva, Switzerland
Peter Maurer
Paris, France
Irina Bokova
Paris, France
Vienna, Austria
Li Yong
43
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Vienna, Austria
Vienna, Austria
Yukiya Amano
Diezani Alison-Madueke
London, UK
London, UK
Salil Shetty
Koji Sekimizu
London, UK
Kathmandu, Nepal
Jakarta, Indonesia
Singapore
Brussels, Belgium
Dubai, UAE
Rome, Italy
Jens Stoltenberg
(Secretary-General)
Zaheer Abbas
Jos Graziano da Silva
Ronny Abraham
Thomas Bach
Sepp Blatter
Ahmet zmc
Yolanda Kakabadse
Capital
Hyderabad (Proposed
Capital Amaravati)
Itanagar
Dispur
Governor
Shri E. S. Lakshmi
Narasimhan
Shri V. Shanmuganthan
Shri Banwarilal Purohit
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Delhi (NCT)
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Patna
Raipur
Panaji
Gandhinagar
Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh
Shimla
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
44
Chief Minister
Shri. Nara Chandrababu
Naidu
Shri Pema Khandu
Shri Sarbananda
Sonowal
Shri Nitish Kumar
Dr. Raman Singh
Shri Arvind Kejriwal
Shri Laxmikant Parsekar
Shri Vijay Rupani
Shri Manohar Lal
Shri Virbhadra Singh
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
Srinagar (summer),
Jammu (winter)
Ranchi
Karnataka
Kerala
Bengaluru
Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Maharashtra
Mumbai
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Imphal
Shillong
Aizawl
Nagaland
Kohima
Odisha
Puducherry (UT)
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Bhubaneswar
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Chennai
Hyderabad
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
Agartala
Lucknow
Dehradun
Kolkata
Shri N. N. Vohra
Shrimati Droupadi
Murmu
Shri Vajubhai Vala
Shri Justice (Retd.)
Palaniswamy
Sathasivam
Shri Om Prakash Kohli
Shri Chennamaneni
Vidyasagar Rao
Dr. Najma A. Heptulla
Shri V. Shanmuganthan
Lt. General (Retd.)
Nirbhay Sharma
Shri Padmanabha
Balakrishna Acharya
Dr. S. C. Jamir
Chandigarh
Jaipur
Gangtok
Shri Siddaramaiah
Shri Pinarayi Vijayan
Capital
Port Blair
Daman
Silvasa
Kavaratti
45
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
Ministries
Sushma Swaraj
Venkaiah Naidu
Minister of Defence
Minister of Railways
Shri D V Sadananda
Gowda
Shri Ananthkumar
Minister of Steel
Minister of Textiles
Harsh Vardhan
46
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
Cricket
Hockey
Football
Badminton
Table Tennis
Lawn Tennis
Golf
Horse Racing
Rowing
Trophies/ Cups
Ashes Cup, Asia Cup, C.K. Naidu Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Duleep Trophy,
Gavaskar Border Trophy, G.D. Birla Trophy, Gillette Cup, ICC World Cup,
Irani Trophy, Jawharlal Nehru Cup, Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy,
Rohinton Barcia Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sahara Cup,
Sharjah Cup, Singer Cup, Titan Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant
Trophy, Wisden Trophy, Wills Trophy.
Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, Aga khan Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup,
Dhyanchand Trophy, Nehru Trophy, Sindhia Gold cup, Murugappa Gold
Cup, Wellington Cup etc, Stanley Cup
Rovers Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, Merdeka Cup, Confederation cup,
DCM Trophy, Durand Cup, Rovers Cup, B. C. Raj Trophy (National
Championship), FIFA world Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup,
Santosh Trophy, IFA Shield, Scissor Cup, Subroto Cup, Sir Ashutosh
Mukherjee Trophy, Todd Memorial Trophy, Vittal Trophy,
UEFA Champions League
Amrit Diwan Cup, Asia Cup, Chaddha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup,
Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup, Konica Cup, Sophia Cup, Kitiakara
Cup, Malaysian Open, Thomas Cup (men) Uber Cup (women)
Travancore Cup (women), Swathling Cup (men), Bama Belleck Cup
Davis Cup, Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US Open, Heineken
Cup
Augusta Masters, British Open, US Maters
Derby
Wellington trophy
Football
Golf
Hockey
Horse Racing
Terminology
Deuce, Smash, Drop, Let, Game, Love, Double Fault.
Pitcher, Strike, Diamond, Bunting, Home, Put Out.
Jigger, Break, Scratch, Cannons, Pot, Cue, In Baulk, In Off.
Jab, Hook, Punch, Knock-out, Upper cut, Kidney Punch.
Revoke, Ruff, Dummy, Little Slam, Grand Slam, Trump, Diamonds, Tricks.
Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Check.
LBW, Maiden over, Rubber, Stumped, Ashes, Hat-trick, Leg Bye, Follow on, Googly,
Gulley, Silly Point, Duck, Run, Drive, No ball, Cover point, Leg Spinner, Wicket Keeper,
Pitch, Crease, Bowling, Leg-Break, Hit Wicket, Bouncer, Stone-Walling.
Dribble, Off-Side, Penalty, Throw-in, Hat-Tick, Foul, Touch, Down, Drop Kick, Stopper
Hole, Bogey, Put, Stymie, Caddie, Tee, Links, Putting the green.
Bully, Hat-Trick, Short corner, Stroke, Striking Circle, Penalty corner, Under cutting,
Scoop, Centre forward, Carry, Dribble, Goal, Carried.
Punter, Jockey, Place, Win, Protest.
47
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Lawn Tennis
Rifle Shooting
Swimming
Capital
Kabul
Currency
Afghan afghani
Manama
Bahraini dinar
Dhaka
Bangladeshi taka
Abdul Hamid
Thimphu
Phnom Penh
Beijing
Nicosia
Bhutanese
ngultrum, Indian
rupee
Cambodian riel
Renminbi
Euro
Tsai Ing-wen
Nicos Anastasiades
Jakarta
Tehran
Baghdad
Jerusalem
Indonesian rupiah
Iranian rial
Iraqi dinar
Israeli new shekel
Joko Widodo
Hassan Rouhani
Fuad Masum
Reuven Rivlin
Tokyo
Astana
Japanese yen
Kazakhstani tenge
Bishkek
Kyrgyzstani som
Vientiane
Lao kip
Beirut
Kuala Lumpur
Male
Ulaanbaatar
Lebanese pound
Malaysian ringgit
Maldivian rufiyaa
Mongolian togrog
Naypyidaw
Kathmandu
Burmese kyat
Nepalese rupee
Pyongyang
Muscat
Bhutan
Cambodia
China
Cyprus [Europe]
Georgia [Europe]
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar (Burma)
Nepal
North Korea
Oman
48
President
Ashraf
Ahmadzai
Prime Minister
Ghani
Nursultan
Nazarbayev
Almazbek
Atambayev
Bounnhang
Vorachith
Michel Aoun
Abdulla Yameen
Tsakhiagiin
Elbegdorj
Htin Kyaw
Bidhya
Devi
Bhandari
Qaboos bin Said Al
Said
Hun Sen
Li Keqiang
Haider al-Abadi
Benjamin
Netanyahu
Shinzo Abe
Bakytzhan
Abdirovich
Sagintayev
Sooronbay
Jeenbekov
Thongloun
Sisoulith
Tammam Salam
Najib Razak
Chimed
Saikhanbileg
Pushpa
Kamal
Dahal
Pak Pong-ju
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Pakistan
Philippines
Islamabad
Manila
Doha
Pakistani rupee
Philippine peso
Qatari riyal
Mamnoon Hussain
Rodrigo Duterte
Riyadh
Saudi riyal
Seoul
Sri
Jayawardenepura
Kotte, Colombo
Damascus
Taipei
Dushanbe
Bangkok
Park Geun-hye
Maithripala
Sirisena
Abdullah
bin
Nasser bin Khalifa
Al Thani
Salman of Saudi
Arabia
Hwang Kyo-ahn
Ranil
Wickremesinghe
Syrian pound
New Taiwan dollar
Tajikistani somoni
Thai baht
Bashar al-Assad
Imad Khamis
Emomali Rahmon
Kokhir Rasulzoda
Maha
Vajiralongkorn
Ashgabat
Turkmenistan
manat
United
Arab
Emirates dirham
Gurbanguly
Berdimuhamedow
Khalifa bin Zayed Al
Nahyan
Uzbekistani som
Islam Karimov
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Nawaz Sharif
Turkey [Europe]
Turkmenistan
United Arab
Emirates
Uzbekistan
Abu Dhabi
Tashkent
Mohammed
Rashid
Maktoum
Shavkat
Mirziyoyev
bin
Al
Capital
Currency
President
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Peso
Mauricio Macri
Sucre
Bolivian boliviano
Brazil
Brasilia
Brazilian real
Michel Temer
Chile
Santiago
Chilean peso
Michelle Bachelet
Bogota
Colombian peso
Juan
Santos
Quito
United
Dollar
Rafael Correa
Asuncion
Paraguayan
guarani
Horacio Cartes
Lima
Sol
Pedro
Kuczynski
Fernando Zavala
Uruguay
Montevideo
Uruguayan peso
Tabare Vazquez
Venezuela
Caracas
Venezuelan bolivar
Nicolas Maduro
Bolivia
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
States
49
Prime Minister
Manuel
Pablo
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Capital
Nassau
Bridgetown
Currency
Bahamian dollar
Barbadian dollar
President
-
Ottawa
Canadian dollar
Havana
Raul Castro
Capital
Tirana
Vienna
Currency
Albanian lek
Euro
Minsk
Belarusian ruble
City of Brussels
Euro
Sofia
Bulgarian lev
Zagreb
Croatian kuna
Prague
Copenhagen
Czech koruna
Danish krone
Helsinki
Paris
Euro
Euro, CFP franc
Prime Minister
Perry Christie
Freundel Jerome
Stuart
Bermuda
Canada
Cuba
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Kingston
Mexico City
Managua
Panama City
Panama
Trinidad and
Tobago
United States
Port of Spain
Washington, D.C.
Andrew Holness
-
Anthony Thomas
Aquinas Carmona
Barack Obama
Keith Christopher
Rowley
-
President
Bujar Faik Nishani
Heinz
Fischer
GColIH
Aleksandr
Grigoryevich
Lukashenko
Prime Minister
Edi Rama
-
European Countries
Country
Albania
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
50
Rosen
Asenov
Plevneliev
Kolinda
GrabarKitarovic
Milos Zeman
Sauli Niinisto
Franois Grard
Georges Nicolas
Hollande
Andrei
Vladimirovich
Kobyakov
Charles
Y.J.Gh.
Michel
Boyko Metodiev
Borisov
Andrej Plenkovic
Bohuslav Sobotka
Lars
Lkke
Rasmussen
Juha Petri Sipila
Manuel Carlos Valls
Galfetti
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
Berlin
Euro
Joachim Gauck
Athens
Euro
Budapest
Hungarian forint
Prokopios
Pavlopoulos
Janos Ader
Reykjavik
Icelandic krona
Dublin
Euro
Rome
Riga
Vilnius
Euro
Euro
Euro
Luxembourg City
Valletta
Euro
Euro
Monaco
Amsterdam
Oslo
Warsaw
Euro
Euro
Norwegian krone
Polish zloty
Lisbon
Euro
Bucharest
Romanian leu
Moscow
Russian ruble
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Guoni
Th.
Johannesson
Michael
Daniel
Higgins
Raimonds Vejonis
Dalia Grybauskaite
Marie
Louise
Coleiro Preca
Russia
Andrzej Sebastian
Duda
Marcelo Rebelo de
Sousa
Klaus
Werner
Iohannis
Vladimir
Vladimirovich
Putin
Angela Dorothea
Merkel
(Chancellor)
Alexis Tsipras
Viktor
Mihaly
Orban
Sigmundur Davio
Gunnlaugsson
Enda Kenny
Maris Kucinskis
Algirdas
Butkevicius
Xavier Bettel
Joseph Muscat
Mark Rutte
Erna Solberg
Beata Szydlo
Antonio
Luis
Santos da Costa
Dacian Julien Ciolos
Dmitry
Anatolyevich
Medvedev
African Countries
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gambia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Libya
Algiers
Luanda
Dinar
Angolan kwanza
Yaounde
Cairo
Addis Ababa
Central
African
CFA franc
Egyptian pound
Ethiopian birr
Banjul
Accra
Gambian dalasi
Ghanaian cedi
Nairobi
Monrovia
Tripoli
Kenyan shilling
Liberian dollar
Libyan dinar
51
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Jose Eduardo dos
Santos
Paul Biya
Abdel Fattah al-Sisi
Mulatu Teshome
Abdelmalek Sellal
Philemon Yang
Hailemariam
Desalegn
Yahya Jammeh
John
Dramani
Mahama
Uhuru Kenyatta
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Fayez al-Sarraj
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Madagascar
Mali
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Antananarivo
Malagasy ariary
Bamako
Port Louis
Rabat
Maputo
Windhoek
Namibia
Abuja
Rwanda
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Tanzania
Abuja
Kigali
Victoria
Freetown
Mogadishu
Pretoria,
Cape
Town,
Bloemfontein
Juba
Khartoum
Dodoma
Hery
Rajaonarimampianina
Ibrahim
Boubacar
Keta
Ameenah Gurib
Abdelilah Benkirane
Filipe Nyusi
Namibian dollar,
South
African
rand
Nigerian naira
Rwandan franc
Hage Geingob
Seychellois rupee
Sierra
Leonean
leone
Somali shilling
Danny Faure
Ernest Bai Koroma
South
rand
African
South Sudanese
pound
Sudanese pound
Tanzanian shilling
Muhammadu Buhari
Paul Kagame
Hassan
Mohamud
Jacob Zuma
Sheikh
Olivier Mahafaly
Solonandrasana
Modibo Keita
Anerood Jugnauth
Carlos Agostinho
do Rosrio
Saara
Kuugongelwa
Anastase
Murekezi
Omar Abdirashid
Ali Sharmarke
Kassim Majaliwa
52
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February
1st Feb
2nd Feb
4th Feb
6th Feb
10th Feb
13th Feb
20th Feb
21st Feb
24th Feb
28th Feb
March
1st
3rd
4th
8th
10th
12th
13th
14th
15th
18th
20th
21st
21st
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
27th
28th
April
4th April
6th April
7th April
11th April
12th April
17th April
18th April
21st April
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22nd April
23rd April
24th April
25th April
26th April
28th April
29th April
May
1st May
3rd May
May 04
1st (Tue)
1st (Sun)
May 05
May 06
May 08
May 09
May 10
May 11
May 12
May 13
May 15
May 17
May 18
May 20
May 21
May 22
May 24
May 25
May 29
May 31
June
June 1
June 4
June 5
June 8
June 12
June 14
June 15
3rd (Sun)
June 16
June 18
June 20
gradeup.co/banking-insurance
June 21
June 23
June 26
July
July 1
July 2
1st
July 06
July 07
July 11
July 12
July 18
July 26
July 28
July 29
August
First
(Sun)
6-Aug
8-Aug
9-Aug
12-Aug
13-Aug
14-Aug
15-Aug
19-Aug
20-Aug
21-Aug
23-Aug
29-Aug
30-Aug
September
2-Sep
5-Sep
7-Sep
8-Sep
10-Sep
14-Sep
15-Sep
16-Sep
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20-Sep
21-Sep
22-Sep
23-Sep
26-Sep
27-Sep
28-Sep
29-Sep
October
1st(Mon)
1-Oct
2-Oct
3-Oct
4-Oct
5-Oct
6-Oct
8-Oct
9-Oct
10-Oct
11-Oct
2nd(Thu)
12-Oct
13-Oct
14-Oct
15-Oct
16-Oct
17-Oct
20-Oct
24-Oct
27-Oct
28-Oct
31-Oct
November
1-Nov
6-Nov
7-Nov
8-Nov
9-Nov
10-Nov
11-Nov
12-Nov
13-Nov
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14-Nov
16-Nov
17-Nov
19-Nov
20-Nov
3rd (SUN)
3rd (Thu)
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