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PERCENTAGE

BASICS
1. How many % is 15cm of 250mm?
sol. 250mm=25cm.........%age = 15*100 / 25 = 60%
2. Express 5/16 as %age.
sol. %age = 5*100/16= 31.25%
3. 1.14 is _____% of 1.9?
sol. %age = 1.14*100 / 1.9 = 60%
4. what is half of 2/5th of 1% in decimal.
sol. (1/2)*(2/5)*1/100 = 0.002
5. 37.5% of a number is 900, then 62.5% of that number is how much?
sol. let the number be x
37.5% of x = 900
62.5% of x = 900*62.5/37.5 = 1500
6. A number exceed 20% of itself by 40. find the number.
sol. let number be x
x= (20x/100) + 40...............x= 50
7. By how much is 30% of 80 is greater than 4/5th of 25.
sol. 30% of 80 = 30*80100 = 24 and 4*25/5 = 20
so its 4 more than it.
8. 1/3rd of 1206 is what % of 134??
sol. (1/3)*1206 = 402
402*100/134 = 300%
9. P is 6 times as large as Q. How much % is Q less than P?
sol. P=6Q
P/Q =6/1
P is less than Q by 5*100/6 = 83.33%
10. 25% of a number is less than 18% of 650 by 19. Find the number.
sol. let number be x
(25x/100) = (18*650/100) -19...........x=392
11. A person spend 66+2/3 % of a income and saves 1200. find expenditure.
sol. Income = saving+expenditure
saving % = 100- (66+2/3) = 100/3 %
100/3 % = 1200
100% = 1200*100/(100/3) = 3600
expenditure = 3600-1200= 2400

12. 80% of A = 50% of B. B=x% of A. find x


sol. 80% of A = 50% of B
A/B = 50/80
B= 8A/5
B= 8A*100/5 = 160& of A
so x=160
13. Two numbers are greater than 3rd number by 25% and 20%. What % is 1st number of 2nd?
sol. 1st number = 125*3rd/100 and 2nd number = 120*3rd/100
1st / 2nd = 125/120 = 25/24
1st = 25*100/24 of 2nd
1st = 625/6% or 104.16% of 2nd
14. X income is 20% more than Y. How much Y income is less than X?
sol. let Y's income =100
X's income = 120
Y income less than X = 20*100/120 = 16.66%
ELECTION BASED
15. In an election candidate get 35% votes and lost by margin of 450 votes. Find the total number of
votes.
sol. margin of his defeat = (65-35) = 30%
30% votes = 450
100% votes = 450*100/30 = 1500
16. In an election, 135 votes were invalid. Winning candidate got 70% of total valid votes and won
by 4000 votes. Find total votes.
sol. let total valid votes be x
winning cadidate got 0.7x valid votes
so 0.7x- 0.3x = 4000
x= 10000
total votes = 10000+135=10135
17. In an election between A and B, A recieves 60% of total votes, 15% of total votes were invalid. If
total votes were 40,000, then A win by how much votes?
sol. A got 60% votes
B got =100-60-15= 25%votes
A win by 35% margin of votes i.e. 35% of 40000 = 14000
18. In an election, 20% of total voters promised to vote A and remaining to B. On election day, 40%
voters did not vote to A and 60% did not vote to B. Assuming each has given a vote
a. Find % of vote that B get
b. If A won by 5000 votes, then find the total number of votes.
sol. a) let total votes be 100
20 promised to give to A and 80 to B
out of 20, 8 didn't give to A but to B
out of 80, 48 didn't give to B but to A
total A got = 20-8+48 = 60

total B got = 80+8-48 = 40


so B got 40% vote
b) margin is 20% i.e.5000
100% = 5000*100/20 = 25000
19. In an election, candidate got 30% votes and defeated by 1680 votes. How much votes he got?
sol. candidate got 30% votes, so another must have got 70% votes
margin = 40% = 1680
30% votes = 1680*30/40 = 1260 votes
BOYS / GIRLS / EXAMS BASED
20. In an examination, there are 1000 boys and 800 girls. 60% boys and 70%girls pass. find how
many students failed?
sol. failed students = 40% of boys + 30% of girls = 40% of 1000 + 30% of 800 = 640
21. In a school, 70% are girls, If 510 are boys. find the total number of students.
sol. 70% are girls, so 30% are boys
30% students= 510
100% students = 510*100/30 = 1700
22. If a candidate scores 360 marks and his pass %age is 60%. Find maximum marks.
sol. 60% = 360 marks
100% = 360*100/60 = 600marks
23. A student scores 20% in exams and fails by 10marks. Another student scored 42% and got 1 more
than required passing marks. Find maximum marks.
sol. 22% gap (42-20) = 11marks (1+10)
100% ==== 11*100/22 = 50marks
24. A student had to score 40% marks to pass the exam. He got 440 marks and failed by 40 marks.
Find maximum marks.
sol. let maximum marks = x
40x/100 = 440+40...............x= 1200
25. In an exam, 42% candidate failed in English, 52% in Maths, 17% in both. if 69 passed in both the
subjects. Find total number of candidates.
sol. number of students who passed in both = 100-(42+52-17) = 23%
23% = 69
---->> 100% = 300
26. In exam, 80% of candidate passed in english, 85% in maths, 75% in both. If 40 failed in both
subjects. Find total number of candidates.
sol. number of students who failed in both = 100-(80+85-75) = 10%
10% == 40
100%==400
PERCENTAGE CHANGE BASED
27. If a number is increased by 36%, then by how much % approxumately it should be decreased to
get original value.

sol. let number be 100


100 -->136
136 --> 100
% change = 36*100/136 = 26.47%
28. Price of sugar is decreased by 10%. How much should the consumer increase his expenditure so
as not to decrease its consumption?
sol. consumption = price*expenditure
let consumption= 100
100 --> 90
90 --> 100
% change = 10*100/90 = 100/9 or 11.11%
29. Radius and Height of cylinder is increased by 10%. Find the % change in (i) volume (ii) LSA (iii)
SA.
sol. i) let initial volume be 100
volume = pi*r^2 * h
100 --> 110 --> 121 --> 133.1
% change = 133.1-100 = 33.1% increase
ii) let initail LSA = 100
LSA = 2*pi*r*h
100 --> 110 --> 121
%change = 121-100 = 21%
iii) let inital SA = 100
SA = 2*pi*(r^2+r*h)
100 --> 110 --> 121
%change = 121-100 = 21%
NOTE:- in 3rd case we have same change in both radius and height. also in formula we have a
addition sign. in case of addition sign if the % change is different in the two variables, then
answer will always be cannot determined. But if the % change is same whether increase or
decrease, then % change can be calculated. Here it is same(increase of 10%) in both radius and
height so we got ans 21%.
30. Population of town is 16000 and annual increase is 5%. What will be the population after 3 years?
sol. population after 3 years = 1600 (1+5/100) ^3 = 18522
31. Population of town increases and then decreases by 5% in two years. If now the populatoin is
1596. What is the population at the beginning of 1st year.
sol. population at the begining of the year = 1596/(1.05*0.95)= 1600
32. Price of an article is increased by 20% and then by 10%. What is the change in price of an article
now ?
sol. let the price of articel = 100
100 --> 120 --> 132
%change = 32%
33. A student multiply a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3. Find %age change.
sol. let number be x
3x/5 --> 5x/3
% change = (5x/3 - 3x/5)*100/ (3x/5) = 1600/9 %

34. If 1L water is evaporated from 6L of solution containing 5% salt. then % of salt in remaining
solution will be ?
sol. salt in solution = 5*6/100 = 0.3L
water left = 5.7 -1=4.7L
.% of salt now = 0.3*100/5 = 6%
REDUTION / INCREASED IN PRICE / QUANTITY BASED
35. A reduction in 20% in price of sugar allows a purchaser to obtain 3kg more for Rs.120. New and
old price per kg were?
sol. new price now = 20*120/100*3 = Rs.8
old price = 8/0.80 = Rs.10
36. If a price of sugar in reduced by 25%, a person can buy 2kg more for a rupee. How many are
available for a rupee.
sol. new price = 25*1/100*2 = 1/8
so 8 are available for a rupee.
37. A reduction in 20% price enables a person to buy 3.5kg more rice for Rs. 385. Find the original
price.
sol. new price = 20*385/100*3.5 = 22
original price = 22/0.8 = 27.5
MISCELLANEOUS
38. 120 is 20% of a number. What is 120% of that number.
sol. let number be x
20x/100 = 120
x= 600
so 120% of 600 = 720
39. 8% of x is 4% of y, then 20% of x is what % of y?
sol. 8% of x = 4% of y
x/y = 4/8 = 1/2
20% of x = (y/2)*20/100 = y/10 = 10% of y
40. x is less than y by 25%, then y exceed x by how much?
sol. x= (100-25)*y/100 = 3y/4
y/x=4/3
so y exceed x by = 1*100/3 = 100/3 = 33.33%
41. Income of C is 20% more than B and income of B is 25% more than A. Find how much is C
income more than A.
sol. C= 120B/100 and B=125A/100
C= 150A/100
C income more than A = 50*100/100 = 50%
42. In an exam, a student who get 20% fails by 5 marks and another student secure 30% and get
20marks more than passing marks. find passing %.

sol. 10% difference = 25marks


100% = 250marks
passing marks = 250*20/100 + 5 =55marks
passing %age = 55*100/250 = 22%
43. In a class, 60% student pass in Hindi and 45% in sanskrit. If 25% pass in atleast 1 subject, then
how many % passed in both?
sol. % who passed in both = 60+45-25 = 80%
44. Difference between two numbers is 20% of larger number. If smaller is 20, find larger number.
sol. let the two numbers be x and y
x-y = 20x/100 and y =20.................x= 25
45. 15% of (A+B) is 25% of (A-B). What % of B is A?
sol. 15% of (A+B) 25% of (A-B)
(A+B)/ (A-B) = 25/15 = 5/3
A/B = 4/1
A= 400% of B
46. Out of total income, person spends 20% on house rent, 20% of rest on expenditure. if she saves
3600. Find his total income.
sol. let income be 100
he spends 20 on house rent
20% of 80 i.e. 16 on expenditure
he saves= 100-20-16 = 64
64 saving when 100 income
3600 saving when 100*3600/64 = 5625 income
47. Total number of boys and girls are 150000. If boys were x and girls were x%. of total students,
then number of boys are?
sol. boys =x and girls = 150000
150000-x = x*150000/100
x= 150000/1501
since it will come in fraction, so ans will be data adequate.
48. Ratio of number of boys and girls is 3:2. If 20% boys and 25% are adult, then how many % of
students are not adult?
sol. boys/girls = 3:2
boys = 3x and girls=2x
who are not adult = 80% of 3x + 75% of 2x = 3.9x
% who are not adult = 3.9x*100/5x = 78%
49. In an election, 75% voter gives vote, out of which 2% were invalid. A candidate got 9261 votes
which were 75% of valid votes. Total number of votes are??
sol. let 1000 be total votes
750 given votes
valid votes = 750-2*750/100 735
75% of valid votes = 735*75/100
735*75/100 when total = 1000
9261 when total = 1000*9261*100/735*75 = 16800

50. Chameli spends 40% of her salary on food, 20% on house rent, 10% on entertainment, 10% on
convenyance. if she saves Rs15000. What's her income?
sol. saving = 100-40-20-10-10 = 20%
20% saving = 15000
100% saving = 15000*100/20 = 75000 i.e. income
51. Two numbers are in ratio 2:3. If 20% of smaller number is added to 20 is equal to sum or 10% of
larger and 25. Then, smaller number is ?
sol. numbers are 2x and 3x
20*2x/100 +20 = 10*3x/100 +25 .........x=50
smaller number = 2*50=100
52. 10% of A= 15% of B = 20% of C, sum of all is 78. what is (B+C)/A?
sol. 10% of A= 15% of B = 20% of C
10A = 15B = 20C
A:B:C= 6:4:3
sum=78
6x+4x+3x= 78...x=6
A, B, C are 36,24, 18
(B+C)/A = (24+18)/36 = 7/6
OR here we can directly find the ans from the ratio (4+3)/6= 7/6, no need to fid the number,
since at the end we have to find the ratio only.
53. Expense on rice, fish and oil are in ratio 12:17:23. The prices were increased by 20%, 30% and
50% respectivelt. find total % increase in expenditure.
sol. let expenses are 12x, 17x, 23x
total expense = 52x
new total expenses = 12x*1.2 + 17x*1.3 + 23x*1.5 = 71x
% increase = 19x*100/52x = 36.53%
54. In a village, 60% families has a cow, each of 30% families has a buffalo and each of 15% of
families has both. if there are 96 families, then hom many have none.
sol. families having none = 100-(60+30-15)=25%= 25*96/100 = 24
55. In an expression xy^2, value of x and y are increased and decreased by 20% and 30%
respectively. Find total % change in expression.
sol. let the expression value = 100
100 --> 120 --> 84 --> 58.8
% change = 41.2% decrease
56. Price of sugar reduced by 20%. Now person can buy 500gm more sugar for Rs.36. Find original
price per kg.
sol. new price = 20*36/100*0.500 = Rs 14.4 per kg
original price = 14.4/ 0.8 = 18 per kg
57. 1L of water is added to 5L of solution containing 40% alcohol. The strength of another liquid in
solution now is?
sol. another liquid in solution i.e. water= 60*5/100 = 3L
after liquid in solution i.e. water = 4*100 = /6 = 200/3%

58. 7L of water is evaporated on boiling from 12L of salt solution containing 7% salt, then %age of
salt in the remaining solution?
sol. water in the solution = 12-(7% of 12) = 11.16L
7L is evaporated, left = 11.16-7= 4.16L
% of salt now = 0.84*100/5 = 16.8%
59. Fresh fruit contains 68% water and dry fruit contains 20% water. How much dry fruit can be
obtained from 120kg of fresh fruit?
sol. solve for remaining part i.e. pulp
32% of fresh fruit (120kg) = 80% of dry fruits ( x kg)
x= 32*120/80 = 48kg
60. The length and breadth of rectangle are increased and decreased by 10%. Find %age change in i)
area and ii) perimeter.
sol. i) area = l*b
let Area = 100
100 --> 110 --.99
% change = 1% decrease
ii) refer Q29. iii) part. ans CND
61. Fresh grapes contains 99% water and dry grapes contains 97% water. How much dry grape can be
obtained from 60kg of fresh grape?
sol. solve for remaining part i.e. pulp
1% of fresh grape(60kg) = 3% of dry grapes (x kg)
x= 60/3 = 20kg
62. In a group of 90 students, 40% are girls. How many boys should be added so that girls became
30% of total?
sol. girls = 40% of 90 = 36
let x boys be added, total = 90+x
36 = (90+x)*30/100 .............x=30
63. In an acoustics class, 120 students are male and 100 students are female. 25% of the male students and
20% of the female students are engineering students. 20% of the male engineering students and 25%
of the female engineering students passed the final exam. What percentage of engineering students
passed the exam?
sol. engineering students = 25% of 120 + 20% of 100 = 30+20=50
passing students= 20% of 30 + 25% of 20 = 11
% passing engineering students = 11*100/50 = 22%
64. A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes. What percent of his total score
did he make by running between the wickets?
sol. runs he scored by running = 110 - 3*4 - 8*6 = 50runs
% he scored by running = 50*100/110 = 500/11 = 45.45%
65. The price of an item changed from Rs. 120 to Rs. 100. Then later the price decreased again from Rs.
100 to Rs. 80. Which decrease in % change is higher?
sol. when price goes 120 to 100, decrease = 20*100/120 = 100/6 or 16.66%
when price goes 100 to 80 , decrease = 20*100/100 = 20%
so 2nd decrease is higher.

66. When processing flower-nectar into honeybees' extract, a considerable amount of water gets reduced.
How much flower-nectar must be processed to yield 1kg of honey, if nectar contains 50% water, and
the honey obtained from this nectar contains 15% water?
sol. solving for without water part
50% in nectar (x kg) = 85% of 1kg honey
x= 1.7kg
67. 30% of the men are more than 25 years old and 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50 years old.
20% of all men play football. If 20% of the men above the age of 50 play football, what percentage of
the football players are less than or equal to 50 years?
sol. 20% play football and 20% above age 50 plat football
those who play football and above 50 years = 20% of 20% = 4%
those who are less than 50 years = 20-4=16%
percentage of the football players are less than or equal to 50 years16*100/20 = 80%
68. If the price of petrol increases by 25%, by how much must a user cut down his consumption so that his
expenditure on petrol remains constant?
sol. 100----> 125
125 ---> 100 = 25*100/125= 20%
69. Gauri went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 paise went on sales tax
on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the tax free items?
sol. let the tax purchase was Rs x
6% of x = 30paise = Rs. 30/100
x= Rs5.
tax free cost = 25-5-0.30 = Rs19.70
70. If the price of petrol increases by 25% and Raj intends to spend only an additional 15% on petrol, by
how much % will he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?
sol. let the price of petrol be Rs.100 per litre and quantity he bought initally was 10L
so he would have to spend 1000
price increased by by 25%, so he would spend now= Rs1250
when he would get 15% additional petrol, he would spent 1150
so he will decrease 1250 --->1150
%change = 100*100/1250 = 8% reduction
71. A candidate who gets 20% marks fails by 10 marks but another candidate who gets 42% marks gets
12% more than the passing marks. Find the maximum marks.
sol. 22% marks difference = 22 marks
100% marks difference = 100 marks i.e. total marks
72. Peter got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Paul who
took the same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the passing marks.
What were the passing marks in the examination?
sol. 10% marks difference = 25 marks
100% marks difference = 250marks
passing marks = 250*30/100 +10 = 85
73. Each person in a group of 110 investors has investments in either equities or securities or both.
Exactly 25% of the investors in equities have investments in securities, and exactly 40% of the
investors in securities have investments in equities. How many have investments in equities?

sol. those invest in equities + securities + both = 110


25*equities/100 = investment in eqities
equities / investment in equities = 4/1
equities only / investment in equities = 3:1 .....................(1)
also, 40* investors/100 = investment in securities
securities / investment in securities = 5/2
securities only / investment in securities = 3/2............(2)
from (1) and (2)
equities : securities : both = 6:3:2
so we have investment in equities = 8*110/11 = 80
this will be well understood by vein diagram

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