A Textile Association (India)-PHC

Presentation

An Overview of
Textile Fibres
Textiles
„ Definition
A broad term referring to any material
(fibres, filaments, yarns) capable of being
converted into fabrics and the fabric itself.

The word 'textile' is derived from the Latin term

textilis, which means 'to weave'.
Fibres
„ Definition
Hair like substances capable of being
converted into yarns and made into
fabrics.
Generally, people connected with textile trade define
textile fibres, as ‘hair-like materials having length
thousand times their diameter or width’, which can be
spun into yarn or made into a fabric.
Classification of Textile Fibres
Sources of Textile Fibres
Category of Natural Fibres
Plant Fibres Animal Fibres Mineral
Fibres

Seed-Fibres: Sheep: wool Asbestos

Cotton, Kapok, and Goat: Mohair,
Coir Cashmere, and
Pashmina
Leaf Fibres: Sisal, Rabbit: Angora
Pineapple, and Camel: Alpaca,
Banana Llama, Guanaco,
and Vicuna
Bast Fibres: Jute, Antelope:
Flax, Ramie, and Shahtoosh
Hemp Silkworm: Silk
Plant Fibers
„ Cotton „ Jute, Flax &
„ Comprises of Ramie - are
about one-half extracted from stem
of the world of the plants
fiber production. „ Flax fibers are
„ Most widely spun to make
used natural linen fabric
fiber.
Animal Fibers
„ Wool Providing „ Silk
Animals Comes from silk
„ Sheep (wool) worms, silkworm to
cocoon, one cocoon
„ Goat (cashmere, produces 600- 2000
meters of silk
pashmina,
mohair) ‰ Silk varieties
„ Mulberry silk
„ Camel (alpaca
„ Tussah silk
llama)
„ Eri silk
„ Rabbit (angora) „ Muga silk
 Man-Made Fibres
Cellulosic Non-Cellulosic
(Regenerated) (Synthetic)

Cellulosic: Polymeric:
Viscose Polyamide (nylon),
Cuprammonium Polyester,
Polynosic (Modal), Polyacronitrile
Lyocell (acrylic),
Polypropylene,
Easter Cellulosic: Elastromeric
Acetate, Tri-acetate (spandex)
Cellulosic Fibers
„ Rayon fibers
„ First man made fiber
„ Composed of regenerated cellulose (wood pulp)

„ Lyocell fibers
„ Trade name ‘Tencel’
Synthetic Fibres
„ Nylon (fiber or filament)
„ Polyester (fiber or filament)
„ Acrylic (fiber or filament)
„ Spandex (filament)
„ Polypropylene (filament)
„ Micro-fibres (filament)
Man-Made Fibre Production
„ Wet Spinning (Spinning Liquid in coagulating
bath)-Viscose Rayon
„ Melt Spinning (Themo-plastic granule are
melted and forced through the holes of spinneret-
cooled by stream of air)-Nylon. Polyester
„ Dry Spinning (Suitable solution of fibre
forming polymer extruded into warm air)
Texturising
„ A process by which we modify the surface
characteristics of filament yarns
„ Twist-set-Untwist
„ False twist (Pin-type spindle, Friction twisting)
„ Air Texturising
„ Stuffer Box
„ Edge Crimping
„ Knit-de-knit
„ Gear Crimping
Textured Yarns
Identification of textile fibres
„ Microscopically
„ Structure
„ Burning test
„ Shrink, melt and smell
„ Solubility Test
„ Solvents (Acetone, Meta-
cresol, Formic Acid,
Sulphuric Acid and
Caustic Soda)
„ Staining test
„ Shirlastain A (Cotton-
Pale, Silk-dark brown)
 Required Properties of Fibres
„ Length (Staple Length or 2.5% Span Length)
„ Fineness (Wt/Unit Length-micron air,denier or
Diametric-inches, microns)
„ Strength (Bundle strength in gms./denier-’Tenacity’)

„ Other useful properties

Extensibility and elasticity, Softness, Lustre, Abrasion
resistance, Moisture absorption, Affinity towards dyes,
Resistance to deterioration
Thank You

The End