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AMANGALDI KOOCHAKI1, ATILA SKANDARNEZHAD1, YAGHOOB MOHAMMADMORADI1, SOLGUN SALIMI1

Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran (1)
doi:10.15199/48.2016.03.01

Multi-Machine Power System Fuzzy Stabilizer Design using

Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Abstract. Nowadays, fuzzy controllers have achieved an important role in different systems and their superiority over the classical control methods
has been proved. In this study, the power system stabilizer is used to damp the power system oscillations based on the fuzzy logic controller. A
three-phase to ground-fault test is done during a period of 10 ms to evaluate power system behaviour between the area of two distinct points.
Simulation results show that the system is unstable without a stabilizer. It has also been determined that the fuzzy stabilizers have high ability to
damp the system oscillations in comparison with classical stabilizers so that system oscillations are damped with higher speed and lower amplitude.
Also in this study, the Cuckoo search algorithm is used to optimize the fuzzy stabilizer inputs and improve its performance. The results show that the
optimizations of stabilizer parameters improve their damping performance.
Streszczenie. W artykule opisano algorytm typu Fuzzy logic wykorzystany do tumirnia oscylacji w systemie zasilania.Wykoyowany jest test
systemu midzy dwoma odlegymi punktami. W porwnaniu z klasycznymi sterownikami zaproponowany sterownik oscylacje tumione sa szybciej i
skuteczniej. Wykorzystanie algorytmu typu Cuckoo do tumienia oscylacji w systemie z wieloma rdami.

Keywords: Power system stabilizer, Classic stabilizer, Fuzzy stabilizer, Cuckoo optimization algorithm.
Sowa kluczowe: stabilizacja systemu zasilania, fuzzy logic logika rozmyta, algorytm Cuckoo.

Introduction
The stability is known as the one of the important issues
of safe operation of power system so that more global
power outages due to power system instability reveal the
importance of this issue [1]. Today, in the most modern
power systems, the power system stabilizer is used to
increase damping and enhance system dynamic stability
[2]. Experience has shown that classic stabilizers have not
good performance against system variations in its operating
points. Therefore, a stabilizer must be designed that in
accordance with the aforementioned variations, its
parameters should be varied and adapt itself to new
conditions. Therefore, attention has been drawn to smart
approaches and the use of optimization algorithms. In the
last literatures, many control strategies based on the theory
of optimal control, adaptive control and robust control
methods by researchers have been proposed to overcome
the disadvantages of conventional stabilizer. Several
methods based on the optimal control theory [3-5], robust
control [6], adaptive control [7], neural network [8], smart
evolutionary approach [9], particle swarm [10], cultural
algorithm [11], immune algorithm [12], and the frog leap
algorithm [13], are used to design the stabilizer.
In this paper, the studied power system is modelled and
then designing of power system stabilizer based on
Optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller using Cuckoo Search
Algorithm is presented.
Modeling of the studied system
Figure 1 shows a four-machine two-area system that is
used to study the power system stability and stabilizer
design.
The conventional third-order model of generators is as
follow [10-11].

Figure1. Structure of studied network

Table1. The generator model values

where E'd , E'q are the EMF's of stator, Efd is the field
voltage of stator, Xd , Xq are the synchronous reactance's,
and X'd , X'q are the transient reactance's in d-q axis. In
addition, Id , Iq are the stator currents , 'do and 'qo are the
open circuit time constants , Pe is the output electrical
power of generator and D is the damping ratio. The model
of Conventional Power System Stabilizer (CPSS) is shown
in Figure 2. where the generator speed is usually used as

PRZEGLD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 92 NR 3/2016

the input signal. The CPSS is mathematically formulated as

follows.
where is the speed deviation in P.U. The CPSS
consists of a washout filter and a dynamic compensator [1314]. The output signal is fed to the excitation system as a
supplementary input signal. The high pass washout filter is
employed to reset the steady state offset in the PSS output.
The value of time constant (Tw) is usually fixed and is
considered as 10 s in this study. Also T1 T4 and KPSS
show the time constants and the gain of two stages lead
lag compensator respectively. Then, the design problem will
be to obtain KPSS and T1 T4.

multiplied by ku. Selecting the values for these coefficients

depends on system working conditions and must be
carefully selected to ensure FPSS performance. The
membership functions of fuzzy controller output are
presented by Figure 5 as the control signal.

Figure 5. The membership functions of fuzzy controller output

signal

Fuzzy rules considering the membership functions for

decision are presented based on the Table 2 according to
controller inputs.
Table 2. Fuzzy rules of FPSS

Figure 2. The conventional PSS structure.

U PSS K PSS
(6)

STW 1 ST1 1 ST 3
w
1 STW 1 ST 2 1 ST 4

Designing OF FUZZY System Stabilizer

In this paper, the self-tuned fuzzy controller is used to
damp the power system inter-area oscillations. Figure 3
shows the fuzzy controller structure [15-16].

Figure 3. Fuzzy controller structure.

According to Figure 3, input signals to the fuzzy

controller are the rotor speed oscillations dw and generator
active power oscillations dp. The control signals generated
by fuzzy stabilizer are injected into generator AVR system.
The purpose of this stabilizer is enhancement of
synchronous generator damping. In order to apply proper
control, triangular membership functions as seven fuzzy
functions are respectively considered as the Figure 4 for
active power oscillations and rotor speed oscillations.

Figure 4. Membership functions of fuzzy controller input, active

power and rotor speed oscillations

As seen in Figure 4, the inputs dw and dP are affected

by kw and kp and The output of the fuzzy controller is

Optimization of Stabilizer
The CPSS against the system variations in the various
operating points of system is not proper. Thus, by using
optimization techniques the performance of stabilizer should
be ensured in damping of power system oscillations with
optimal determination of its parameters. In this paper, the
cuckoo search algorithm is used to optimize the parameters
of the CPSS and FPSS. Cuckoo search algorithm inspired
by the lifestyle of the cuckoo bird in 2009 by Shin Ouyang,
and Deb Savsh has been developed. Cuckoo search
algorithm is based on a kind of cuckoo life. This algorithm
has been developed by flying levy Instead of Isotropic
random walk. Cuckoo search algorithm is fully described in
[17]. The main steps of cuckoo search algorithm can be
expressed as follows.
Step 1,
Specify current place of residence of cuckoos randomly
Step 2,
Assign a number of eggs to each cuckoo.
Step 3,
Specify the laying radius of each cuckoo.
Step 4,
Cuckoos are laying on the host nests in their lay radius.
Step 5,
Eggs that are identified by the host birds are destroyed
Step 6,
Cuckoo eggs that have not been identified are grown.
Step 7,
Evaluate the place of residence of new cuckoos.
Step 8,
Specify the maximum number of cuckoos that are in a place to live
and eliminate those that are in unsuitable places.
Step 9,
cluster the cuckoos using k-means clustering method and specify
the best group of cuckoos as the objective place of residence.

PRZEGLD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 92 NR 3/2016

Step 10,
New cuckoo's population are moving to the objective location.
Step 11,
stop if the stop condition has been established, otherwise, go to
step 2.

The optimization objective function is defined as follows

in this study [10-11]:
(7)

Objective t 1 2 3 4 dt

In the above equation is the generator speed

oscillation. The time constants of phase compensator and
gain of compensator are considered as the optimization
parameters. Range of optimization variables of CPSS are
presented in Table 3.
Table 3. Range of optimization variables of CPSS [10-11]

In continue, optimization of FPSS is presented.

Coefficients Kw and KP in FPSS have a key role in the
efficiency and increasing of system damping and select the
appropriate values for the coefficients is very important. In
this paper to strengthen the performance of the fuzzy
controller in damping of fluctuations, the preprocessors
parts of fuzzy controller are optimally selected. In this study,
the values of Kw and KP are optimally selected by cuckoo
search algorithm in a special range. The objective function
of equation (7) is considered similar to the optimization of
the CPSS to determine the optimal values of Kw and KP. the
variations range of the fuzzy controller preprocessor
coefficients is presented in Table 4.
Table 4. Variations range of the fuzzy controller preprocessor
coefficients

is 230 kV and normally with no reactive power, 413 MW is

nd
transferred from first area to the 2 area.
Studied system parameters including generators,
transformers and lines parameters are available in [19]. The
amounts of AVR voltage regulator parameters and classic
power system stabilizer are respectively presented in [19]
too.
To evaluate the ability of the power system stabilizer in
damping of low frequency oscillations of 4-machines 2-area
power system, generators speed oscillations, voltage of
buses 1 and 2 of system on both sides of the transmission
line and inter-area transferred power from bus 1 to bus 2
are evaluated. To create oscillations and check the system
stability, a 3-phase to ground short circuit fault is used in the
transmission line between two areas with duration of 10 ms
at time of first second to test the ability of each stabilizers.
In the Figures 6 and 7, the rotor mechanical speed of each
generator and inter-area transferred power are respectively
represented without stabilizer and with CPSS and FPSS. As
can be seen, the power system has oscillations without
damping in the fault occurrence time and time of fixing fault,
without stabilizer. With CPSS and with fault occurrence the
system is again converted into two island areas but
because of using stabilizer the synchronization of two areas
is retrieved again. In addition, results from FPSS show that
the fuzzy stabilizer in comparison to CPSS has high speed
and damping and the power system oscillations has been
reduced.
In continue, the results of stabilizers optimization are
presented. Figure 8, shows the results of system inter-area
transferred power is presented before (CPSS and FPSS)
and after optimization (optimal CPSS and optimal FPSS).
According figure 8, it can be said that the optimal FPSS has
less oscillations and is damped with higher speed in
comparison to other stabilizers.
1.0006
Area1-G1
Area1-G2
Area2-G3
Area2-G4

W m (p .u )

1.0004

In this study, setting of cuckoo search algorithm options

is obtained based on the experience and a specific method
has not been used to obtain these parameters. Cuckoo
search algorithm parameters are listed in Table 5.

1.0002
1
0.9998
0.9996

10
time(s)

12

14

16

20

(a)

Table 5. Cuckoo search algorithm parameters

1.0006
Area1-G1
Area1-G2
Area2-G3
Area2-G4

Wm (p.u)

1.0004

After running the cuckoo search algorithm the optimal

values of parameters and coefficients of classical and fuzzy
controller are obtained as shown in Table 6.

18

1.0002
1
0.9998

10
time(s)

12

14

16

18

20

(b)

Table 6. Optimal values of parameters of classical and fuzzy PSS

1.0001

Area1-G1
Area1-G2
Area2-G3
Area2-G4

Simulation Results
In this paper, damping of power system inter-area
oscillations is studied using the power system stabilizer on
the 4-machines two-area power system. The studied
system is simulated by the Matlab/Simulink software
environment as the Figure 8. The power system consists of
two similar areas, which are connected by a weak
transmission line. Each area is made up of two connected
power plant units which have the 900 MVA rated power and
20 kV rated voltage. The rated voltage of transmission line

W m (p.u)

1
0.9999
0.9998
0.9997
0.9996

10
time(s)

12

14

16

18

20

(c)
Figure 6. the mechanical speed of each generator:
a) without stabilizer, b) with CPSS, c) with FPSS

PRZEGLD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 92 NR 3/2016

Pline bus1 to bus2 (M w)

360
350
340
330
320

10
time(s)

12

14

16

18

20

(a)
360
P line bus 1 to bus2 (M w)

355
350
345
340
335
330

10
time(s)

12

14

12

14

16

18

20

(b)
P line bus 1 to bus 2 (M w)

360
355
350
345
340
335
330

10
time(s)

16

18

20

(c)
Figure 7. the inter-area transferred power:
a) without stabilizer, b) with CPSS, c) with FPSS

It is also clear that the optimization of FPSS by using the

cuckoo algorithm has caused that its oscillations are
significantly reduced. Therefore, stabilizer optimization has
improved its performance on the power system oscillations
damping process.
CPSS
FPSS
Optimized CPSS
Optimized FPSS

360

350

340

In continue, the reference voltage of generator 1 is

increased from 1.03 to 1.05. in this state, the ability of
stabilizers to the system conditions variation can be better
tested. The results of fuzzy and classic stabilizers including
the transferred power oscillations are shown in figure 9.
Also in this state, the obtained results show the high ability
of fuzzy stabilizer in damping of inter-area power
oscillations that is the fuzzy stabilizer has less oscillations
and damps the power system oscillations with higher
speed.
6. Conclusion
In this paper, damping of 4-machines 2-area power
system with low frequency oscillations are studied by
supposing the occurrence of a 3-phase fault. The
generators speed oscillations and inter-area transferred
power oscillations are also detiled. The simulation
performed in different states such as: without stabilizer, with
CPSS, with FPSS and with optimal FPSS. The results show
that the stabilizers which are based on the fuzzy controllers
have more ability to stabilize the power system oscillations
in comparison to CPSS. Also, results reveal that the
optimization of stabilizer parameters has a main role on its
performance to damp the system oscillations.
Authors
Amangeldi Kochaki, koochaki@aliabadiau.ac.ir
Faculty Member of Electrical Engineering,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul
Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
Atila Skandarnezhad, eskandarnejad@aliabadiau.ac.ir
Faculty Member of Electrical Engineering,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul
Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
Yaghoob Mohammadmoradi,
MohammadMoradi@aliabad.ac.ir
Faculty Member of Electrical Engineering,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul
Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
Solgun Salimi, solgun_salimi@yahoo.com
M.S. Student of Electrical Engineering,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul
Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.

Branch,

Branch,

Branch,

Branch,

330

* The correspondent E-mail is:

Koochaki@aliabadiau.ac.ir

320

310

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

REFERENCES

5.5

Figure 8. the inter-area transferred power oscillations before and

after optimization with CPSS and FPSS.
350

Plinebus1tobus2(M
w
)

345

340

335

330

325

320

10
time(s)

12

14

16

18

20

12

14

16

18

20

(a)
400

P
lin
eb
u
s1tob
u
s2(M
w
)

350

300

250

200

150

10
time(s)

(b)

Figure 9. The inter-area transferred power:

a) with CPSS , b) with FPSS

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