1.

The binary equivalent of the number 12 is

A.

1010.

B.

1100.

C.

0011.

D.

0101.
(1)

2.

The depth of a pit on a CD is 150 nm. The wavelength of the laser used to read the
information on the CD must be
A.

600 nm.

B.

450 nm.

C.

300 nm.

D.

150 nm.
(1)

3.

The amount of charge that builds on a pixel in a charged coupled device (CCD) is
proportional to which property of the incident light?
A.

Intensity

B.

Wavelength

C.

Frequency

D.

Amplitude
(1)

4.

Charge coupled device (CCD)

(a)

A digital camera is used to take a photograph of a plant. The CCD in the camera
7
10
2
has 1.6 10 square pixels. Each pixel has an area of 2.3 10 m . A particular
2
2
leaf of the plant has an area of 2.5 10 m . The image of the leaf formed on the
3
2
CCD is 1.0 10 m . Two indentations on the leaf are separated by 0.50 mm.
Deduce that it is unlikely that the images of the two indentations will be resolved.
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(4)

(b)

Light is incident on the image collection area for a time of 100 ms. The number of
4
photons incident on one pixel is 5.5 10 . Each pixel has a quantum efficiency of
80% and a capacitance 40 pF.
(i)

State what is meant by quantum efficiency.

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(1)

(ii)

Estimate the change in potential difference across each pixel.

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2

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(4)

(c)

Outline how the variation in potential difference across individual pixels enables a
black and white image to be produced by a digital camera.
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)