Price and Adversing

Diskriminasi Harga ketika perusahaan memberikan harga yang

berbeda pada seorang konsumen terhadap barang yang sama
Kenapa dan Bagaimana Perusahaan Melakukan Diskriminasi Harga
Suppose that a firm has market power, can prevent resale,
and has enough information to perfectly price discriminate. The firm
sells each unit at its reservation price, which is the height of the
demand curve: the maximum price consumers will pay for a given
amount of output. Figure 12.1 illustrates how this perfectly pricediscriminating firm maximizes its profit (see Appendix 12A for a
mathematical treatment). The figure shows that the first customer is
willing to pay $6 for a unit, the next is willing to pay $5, and so
forth. This perfectly price-discriminating firm sells its first unit of
output for $6. Having sold the first unit, the firm can get at most $5
for its second unit. The firm must drop its price by $1 for each
successive unit it sells. A perfectly price-discriminating monopolys
marginal revenue is the same as its price. As the figure shows, the
firms marginal revenue is on the first unit, on the second unit, and
on the third unit. As a result, the firms marginal revenue curve is its
demand curve. This firm has a constant marginal cost of $4 per unit.
It pays for the firm to produce the first unit because the firm sells
that unit for $6, so its marginal revenue exceeds its marginal cost by
$2. Similarly, the firm certainly wants to sell the second unit for $5,
which also exceeds its marginal cost. The firm breaks even when it
sells
the third unit for $4. The firm is unwilling to sell more than three
units because its marginal cost would exceed its marginal revenue
on all successive units. Thus, like any profit-maximizing firm, a
perfectly price-discriminating firm produces at point e, where its
marginal revenue curve intersects its marginal cost curve. (If you
find it upsetting that the firm is indifferent between producing two
and three units, assume that the firms marginal cost is $3.99 so

that it definitely wants to produce three units.) This perfectly pricediscriminating firm earns revenues of MR +5 + +4 = +15, 3 = +6 +
MR1 + MR2which is the area under its marginal revenue curve up to
the number of units, three, it sells. If the firm has no fixed cost, its
cost of producing three units is so its profit is $3. +12 = +4 * 3,
Di Asumsikan Perusahaan memiliki Market Power, dapat mencegah
resale, dan memiliki informasi untuk melakukan diskriminasi harga.
Perusahaan tersebut menjual tiap unit barangnya berdasarkan garis
permintaan , harga maksimal yang akan dibayar oleh konsumen
pada output tertentu.
Ilustrasi Di Samping menjelaskan Perfect Discrimination Price yang
dilakukan perusahaan untuk profit yang maksimal, dimana
willingness to pay Konsumen Pertama sebesar6$ / unit dan
berikutnya 5$ dan juga yang ke 4 , Perfect Discrimination Price
Perusahaan menjual unit pertama dengan harga 6$ . dan terjual
semua unit pertama, dan perusahaan dapat mendapatkan
selebihnya 5$ untuk unit ke 2 . Perusahaan Harus menurunkan
harga sebesar 1$ untuk setiap unit barang yang berhasil dijualnya