ARM HOW-TO GUIDE

Interfacing Keypad
with LPC2148 ARM

Contents at a Glance
ARM7 LPC2148 Slicker Board ...........................................3
Keypad ............................................................................3
Interfacing keypad ...........................................................4
Interfacing keypad with LPC2148 .....................................6
Pin Assignment with LPC2148 ..........................................6
Circuit Diagram to Interface keypad with LPC2148 ...........7
Source Code ....................................................................7
C Program to 4 X 4 matrix keypad using LPC2148 .............8
Testing the Keypad with LPC2148................................... 11
General Information ...................................................... 12

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ARM7 LPC2148 Slicker Board

The ARM7 LPC2148 Slicker board is specifically
designed to help students to master the required skills in
the area of embedded systems. The kit is designed in such
way that all the possible features of the microcontroller will
be easily used by the students. The kit supports in system
programming (ISP) which is done through serial port.
NXPs ARM7 (LPC2148), ARM Slicker Kit is proposed to
smooth the progress of developing and debugging of
various designs encompassing of High speed 32-bit
Microcontrollers.
Keypad
A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or
"pad" which usually bear digits, symbols and usually a
complete set of alphabetical letters. If it mostly contains
numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad. Here
we are using 4 X 4 matrix keypad.
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Interfacing keypad
Fig. 1 shows how to interface the 4 X 4 matrix keypad
to two ports in microcontroller. The rows are connected to
an output port and the columns are connected to an input
port.
To detect a pressed key, the microcontroller grounds all
rows by providing 0 to the output latch, and then it reads
the columns. If the data read from the columns is D3D0=1111, no key has been pressed and the process
continues until a key press is detected. However, if one of
the column bits has a zero, this means that a key press has
occurred. For example, if D3-D0=1101, this means that a
key in the D1 column has been pressed.
After a key press is detected, the microcontroller will go
through the process of identifying the key. Starting with the
top row, the microcontroller grounds it by providing a low
to row D0 only; then it reads the columns.

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If the data read is all 1s, no key in that row is activated

and the process is moved to the next row. It grounds the
next row, reads the columns, and checks for any zero. This
process continues until the row is identified. After
identification of the row in which the key has been pressed,
the next task is to find out which column the pressed key
belongs to.

Fig. 1 Interfacing keypad to Microcontroller

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Interfacing keypad with LPC2148

We now want to scan a keypad in LPC2148 Slicker
Board. In case of 4X4 matrix Keypad both the ends of
switches are connected to the port pin i.e. four rows and
four columns. So in all sixteen switches have been
interfaced using just eight lines.
Keypads arranged by matrix format, each row and
column section pulled by high or low by selection J2, all row
and column lines terminated at CN3.
Pin Assignment with LPC2148
In this Slicker Board, we are using any port line for
input. Just connect an FRC cable to any port from the
particular applications. The ARM Slicker 2148 Board has
only eight inputs for accessing keys. When switch is pressed
LOW, then the UART transmit some messages in PC at 9600
baud rate. The TXD and RXD pins are used to data
transmission & reception.

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Circuit Diagram to Interface keypad with LPC2148

3.3V
J2

VREF
VDD1
VDD2
VDD3
VDDA

VSS1
VSS2
VSS3
VSS4
VSS5
VSSA

P1.24
P1.25
P1.26
P1.27

32
28
24
64

SW7

SW8

SW9

+5V

SW10

SW11

SW12

SW13

SW14

SW15

SW16

SW17

SW18

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

LPC2148

XTAL1

60
56
52
20

22pf

10K

R16
SW19

SW20

SW21

SW22

12MHz

C52

GND

62

XTAL2

P1.28
P1.29
P1.30
P1.31

61

6
18
25
42
50
59

1
2
3

63
51
43
23
7

CON3
U16

X21

CN3
R1
R3
C1
C3

C53
22pf

4X4 KEYPAD

1
3
5
7
9

2
4
6
8
10

R2
R4
C2
C4

KEYPAD

Source Code
The Interfacing keypad with LPC2148 program is very
simple and straight forward that scan a keypad rows and
columns. When pressing the key, the rows and columns are
detected. When the rows and columns are detected, then
the microcontroller will display some messages in PC
through UART0. The C programs are developed in Keil
software.

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C Program to 4 X 4 matrix keypad using LPC2148

***************************************************************************************
Title
: Program to keypad interfacing
***************************************************************************************
#include <LPC214x.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define CR
#define D0

0x0D
24

void Delay(void);
unsigned char Row_Data, Col_Data;
unsigned char M,N;
unsigned char Msg[4][4] =
{ '0','1','2','3',
'4','5','6','7',
'8','9','A','B',
'C','D','E','F'
};
void main(void)
{
U0LCR
U0DLL
U0LCR

=
=
=

0x83;
0x61;
0x03;

// 8-Bit, 1 Stop Bit, No Parity

// 9600 baud rate @ 15MHz Clock

PINSEL0|=
U0THR
=

0x05;
0x0C;

// P0.0 and P0.1 as UART0

// Clear the Hyperterminal

while (1)
{
Delay();
KeyScan();

// KeyScan to Scan Row & Column

if (Row_Data < 4 && Col_Data < 4)

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{
U0THR
=
Delay();
U0THR
=
Delay();
U0THR
=

Msg[Row_Data][Col_Data];
'\n';
'\r';

}
}
}
void Delay(void)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<350;i++)
for(j=0;j<1234;j++);
}
void KeyScan ()
{
Delay();
IODIR1 = (0x0F << D0); // (P1.16 - P1.23)
IOPIN1 = (0xF0 << D0);
while (((IOPIN1>>D0)&0x00F0) == 0xF0);
M = IOPIN1 >> D0;
if (M == 0xE0)
{
Row_Data = 0;
}
else if (M == 0xD0)
{
Row_Data = 1;
}
else if (M == 0xB0)
{
Row_Data = 2;
}

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else if (M == 0x70)
{
Row_Data = 3;
}
else
Row_Data = 4;
Delay();
Delay();
IOPIN1
=
0x0F << D0;
IODIR1
=
(0xF0 << D0); // (P1.16 - P1.23)
IOPIN1
=
(0x0F << D0);
while (((IOPIN1>>D0)&0x000F) == 0x0F);
N = (IOPIN1 >> D0);
if (N == 0x0E)
{
Col_Data = 0;
}
else if (N == 0x0D)
{
Col_Data = 1;
}
else if (N == 0x0B)
{
Col_Data = 2;
}
else if (N == 0x07)
{
Col_Data = 3;
}
else
Col_Data = 4;
Delay();
IOPIN1
=
Delay();

0xF0 << D0;

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To compile the above C code you need the KEIL

software. They must be properly set up and a project with
correct settings must be created in order to compile the
code. To compile the above code, the C file must be added
to the project.
In KEIL, you want to develop or debug the project
without any hardware setup. You must compile the code for
generating HEX file. In debugging Mode, you want to check
the port output without LPC2148 Slicker Board.
The Flash Magic software is used to download the hex
file into your microcontroller IC LPC2148 through UART0.
Testing the Keypad with LPC2148
Give +3.3V power supply to LPC2148 Slicker Board; the
serial cable is connected between the LPC2148 Slicker
Board and PC. Open the Hyper Terminal screen, select
which port you are using and set the default settings. Now
the screen should show some text messages & it display
which key is pressed in keypad.
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If you not reading any text from UART0, then you just
check the jumper connections & just check the serial cable
is working. And also check the keypad keys are properly
working or not. Otherwise you just check the code with
debugging mode in KEIL.
If you want to see more details about debugging just
see the videos in below link.
How to Create & Debug a Project in KEIL.
General Information
For proper working use the components of exact values
as shown in Circuit file. Wherever possible use new
components.
Solder everything in a clean way. A major problem
arises due to improper soldering, solder jumps and
loose joints.
Use the exact value crystal shown in schematic.
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More instructions are available in following articles,

User Manual of LPC2148 Slicker Board.

Tutorial of how to create & Debug a project in KEIL.

Interfacing Switches with LPC2148.

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