Pears1935unit Djvu

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<h1>
Full text of "<a href="/details/pears1935unit">Pears</a>"
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<pre>Historic, archived document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
><JUNITCD^STATES
DfPART^NT
of AGRICULTURE
OFFICE Cp*
INFORMATION
Housekeepers' chat
(FOR BROADCAST USE ONLY )
Monday, August 26, 1935

I
Subject: "PEARS." Information from the Bureau of Home Economics and the Bureau
of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.
00O00
In spite of the reputation we Americans have for being a nation of fruit

eaters, one of our summer fruits doesn't get the appreciation that the Europeans
give it. That's the pear. In England, France, Germany and Belgium pears are
great favorites perhaps the most highly prized of all summer fruits. I've
heard tell from some English friends that the wonderful pears from the Isle of
Jersey occasionally sell in London markets for as much as 70 dollars a dozen.
I can't vouch for that, of course, "but it's what I've been told. In Southern
Europe for centuries pears have been too valuable ever to waste. Long before
modern methods of preserving food were invented, -peasant housewives in Southern
Suroue were keeping their pears over the winter by drying and smoking them.
The : hard, dry, black, smoky products might not appeal to our appetites, but
thc. ; were treasures to those people. In France, you'll see little pear trees
trained to grow flat against garden walls. This saves space. The wall also
keeps the tree protected from the weather.
One reason why the pear is so popular in Eurcoe is that it has been
grown there for a long, long time and is much better adapted to the climate
of the Continent than some other fruits. The pear tree likes a mild even
climate and does not do so well in regions with sudden or severe changes in
temperature. In this country the pear finds its most congenial environment
in California, and Oregon on the Pacific Coast, and in New York, Michigan and
other sections of the Great Lakes Region in the Eastern States.
Then, near trees suffer from certain ills in this country which don't
attack them in Europe. The pear blight is one of the most destructive pear
diseases. Scald is another ailment that discolors the skin of the fruit and
often affects and decays the flesh underneath. The pear blight is one reason
why some of the most beautiful and delicate varieties the kind you eat
as is" won't grow successfully in certain parts of this country. The
coarser, but sturdier varieties Kieffer, and other oriental hybrids are
somewhat resistant to blight and furnish us with fruit for canning, -oreserving
and stewing.
flell, pears in the country are either of European stock, or hybrids,
or pure Orientals the hybrids are European combined witn the ornamental
Chinese or sand pear. The Bartlett pear and the Anjou those large yellow
Juicy delectable pears good to eat out of hand come to us from Europe and
grow cniefly on the Pacific Coast. The Kieffer and Le Conte, which grow in
e East and South particularly, have both Chinese and European ancestors.
R-HC - 2 - 8-26-35
Now here's an interesting and useful characteristic of all pears no
matT^r what their ancestors. Their flavor is better if they ripen indoors
instead of naturally on the tree. So gather your pears when they are fully
developed in size and shape but before they start to change color much or to
soften. At this stage you can hold some late-ripening varieties a long time
in cold storage. Then, when you want to ripen them, you can bring them out into
a moderately warm room, spread them on trays or tables, each one separate from
the others. They'll soon ripen with a delicious flavor. Please notice that I
said a moderatel y warm room. Too much neat may cause them to rot in the center
yet show no sign from the outside.
The Kieffer pear that good hardy variety doesn't have all the
virtues unfortunately. In flavor and texture it has never compared with some
of the more delicate pears like the Bartlett. But the taste and flavor of the
Kieffer improve tremendously if you store it a couple of weeks before using.
The storage breaks down its hard tissuus and gives a better flavor to preserves
and canned pears. The right temperature for storing the Kieffer is 60 to 65
degrees F# no more and no less.
If you are rushed during canning season and haven't time enough to put
up Kieffer pears, don't let that worry you. Mature Kieffers will keep in cold
storage at 32 degrees temperature for as long as two months. After that they
will need about 16 days at the temperature of 60 to 65 to ripen to be ready
for canning and preserving. See what a convenient canning fruit the pear
happens to be? It will wait patiently if you keep it at the right temperature
and what's more it will improve by waiting.
We don't dry and smoke our pears to keep them through the winter, as the
Suronean peasants used to do. But we do have various ways of our own for preser- ng them. Pears are excellent canned. They make delicious preserves and
ver/ good pickles- They're delicious made into ginger pears preserved with
a spicy sirup strong with ginger. Our grandmothers used to slice pears and make
tnem into "ginger chips" -- thin slices preserved in ginger sirup. Pears make
delicious conserve with other fruits like apples, quinces and lemons. And among
fruit butters, pear butter stands high in popularity.
Now, maybe you'd like to hear some simple directions for making excellent
Kieffer pear preserves. I have some that came straight from the Bureau of Home
economics at Washington, D. C. You start by paring the fruit, cutting it in
quarters and removing the cores. Then weigh it and add three-fourths as much
sugar as fruit in alternate layers. Allow the mixture to stand overnight to
draw out the juice. Now heat the mixture slowly ^o the boiling point, stirring
as it heats. Cook until the fruit is clear and tender. Then pour while hot
into hot sterilized jars and seal.
Whenever and how ever you put up pears for the winter, remember just one
point don't over cook them. That darkens their color. And it sometimes makes
them unpleasantly hard.
TTrTrtnt
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