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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

A product of the Williston Herald and Plains Reporter

National Hard Spring

Wheat Show
2016
Williston, North Dakota February 2, 3, 4
Grand Williston Hotel

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WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

Find your profit edge at the 2016 Wheat Show


With most crops in the MonDak region showing a loss for 2016, farmers
are looking for any edge they can get
to make a profit next year.
The Hard Spring Wheat Show provides just that. The free conference
has tapped a respected soil scientist
from Canada as their keynote speaker, Elston Denzil Solberg, known to
many as the Crop Whisperer.
Solberg is Canadian Director of
Agri-Knowledge Agri Trend Inc.. He
grew up on a mixed dairy farm near
Ryley, Alberta.
Hes going to talk about soil fertility and cropping issues, to hopefully
help our farmers here make a profit
in 2016, said Brian Kaae, who is one
of the wheat shows organizers. One
topic he speaks on is how to look at
return on investment for crops, and
how to find the crops that give a really good return on investment. That is
really an important thing right now
when looking at challenging prices.
There will be a number of other
great speakers on tap at the confer-

ence, who will share


expertise and help
area farmers gain a
profitable edge.
John Nowatzki with
NDSU, will update research on drones, and
there will be a speaker
to illuminate the proRenee
cess of hiring foreign
workers. The ever-popJean
ular weatherman will
again share insights
on 2016 climate patterns, and much
more. Meanwhile, there will be lots of
hands on activities as well, including
a visit from Williston Research and
Extension Centers new plant pathologist, Audrey Kalil, who will be sharing insights in what farmers should
be looking for in their fields to spot
problems early and prevent them.
The Show, opens, as in years past
with the annual fifth-grade Bread
Fair, which will be split into two sessions this year to make smaller and
hopefully more hands-on groups.

Table of Contents
2016 Crop Forecast
Bread Day
Egan vs. Midge
Attacking acreage losses

3
4
5
6

Jumping for Joppa


7
Mysteries of the sawfly
8
Ag Magic in the MonDak
10
Meet the Presenters
15-19

The 2016 Wheat Show special section is a product of Wick


Communications and its MonDak publications, the Williston
Herald, Sidney Herald and Plains Reporter.

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

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Crop report projects loss for


most North Dakota crops
BY RENE JEAN
RJEAN@WILLISTONHERALD.COM

The numbers are out, and 2016 is looking like a tough year for North Dakota
farmers, according to a crops projection
by Andrew Swenson, farm management
specialist with the North Dakota State
University Extension Service.
The report shows that lower crop
prices will more than offset a general
improvement in yields and costs relative
to 2015 projections for most North Dakota
crops.
Total costs per acre generally have
declined, Swenson says. The price
of nitrogen fertilizer was projected at
10 percent lower, fuel prices are down
sharply and seed prices for spring wheat,
durum, barley, soybeans, flax, oats millet, safflower, winter wheat and rye are
lower than 2015.
Crop insurance costs will generally

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Even soybeans take a hit

According to the report, even soybeans


will take a negative hit in some parts of
the state. Consistency in soybean profits
has encouraged a seven-fold increase
in soybean plantings during the past 20
years. But in 2016, soybean projections
are negative in all regions of the state, except the north-central region of the state,
where they show some profit, and breakeven in the southeast.
Dry edible beans require more inputs
than soybeans, but usually project strong
returns. For 2016, only the north central
region sees a positive return for them,
however. Several other regions are near
CROP REPORT, CONTINUED ON PAGE 13

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Wheat Show

Bread Day
rising fast
WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

BY RENE JEAN
RJEAN@WILLISTONHERALD.COM

Its one of the thing that makes


Willistons Hard Spring Wheat
Show special and its bigger and
better than ever before.
This years 2016 wheat show
opens once again with the ever-popular Bread Day for fifth
graders in Williams County.
The wheat show, which includes 22 speakers in all for
growers and producers, is set
for Feb. 2, 3 and 4.
In years past, the day has
been held in the afternoon,
which meant some of the Bread
Day activities had to take place
in schools because of the bussing schedule. But this year,
all the students have their own

JANUARY 2016

session for Bread Day. Those in


outlying districts like Grenora
and Tioga will be attending a
morning session so they can
return to school in time for their
bus.
That means instead of 350 students, the Wheat Show will host
more than 500 students all in
one day, each making their very
own loaf of bread to take home.
Home-schooled students are
also welcome to participate in
this annual event. Call Desiree
Steinberger at 701-577-4595 or
Desiree Steinberger to reserve
a seat.
We will talk about the flour
and how they create it from
BREAD DAY, CONTINUED ON PAGE 19

Students enjoy making their own bread in these photos from the 2015 Bread Day in Williston.

Renee Jean Williston Herald

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Gunning for midges

The new soldier in the


fight is named Egan
BY RENE JEAN
RJEAN@WILLISTONHERALD.COM

Theres a new soldier in the fight


against orange blossom wheat midge, a
pest that crept into Montana nine years
ago and decimated crops in the western
side of the state. The pest has been seen
in increasing numbers across the state
since, including Richland County although it is not yet the million-dollar economic destroyer that its been in Flathead
and Lake counties.
North Dakota has also seen populations
of the midge come and go on a sporadic
basis, making this a pest poised to emerge
across the MonDak if something wasnt
done about it.
The new soldier in the fight is named
Egan. It is a resistant wheat variety

named after the Egan slough in Flathead,


where the midge first became so prevalent.
Wheat growers in Flathead and Lake
counties have all but given up on growing
spring wheat due to the pest.
In Richland County, Extension Agent
Tim Fine monitored fields for the appearance of the pest in the MonDak this
summer. Both his traps did catch some
adult wheat midge populations, though he
hasnt yet received any reports of significant economic damage due to the pest.
Its something he will continue to monitor going forward.
Wheat midge may not be a big economic
concern in the MonDak yet, but the new
variety could nonetheless be helpful as an
ounce of prevention in fields where the
midge has been spotted, he believes.
Egan was grown at EARC. The yields
werent stellar, so it wouldnt be recommended unless a grower is seeing an increasing problem with midges.
Bringing Egan to commercial viability

took an extensive team of wheat breeders,


entomologists and agronomists, as well as
national and international research connections and a statewide network of Montana farmers and certified seed growers.
In 2006, it seemed like they were losing
the war, however. The midge was quickly and easily adapting to Flathead. Bob
Stougaard, superintendent of the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center,
consulted with colleagues in Canada and
North Dakota, researched a variety of
cropping systems, researched schedules
for insecticide applications and then introduced a parasitic wasp to prey on the
midge with great hopes.
The midge just kept going, however.
By 2009, evidence was mounting that the
midge was starting to spread across the
state. Extension agents, including Fine,
were seeing adult species in their traps,
some of them steadily increasing.
I never experienced anything like
this, Stougaard said. The capability of
the midge to seemingly show up out of no-

The capability of the midge


to seemingly show up out of
nowhere and cause so much
devastation to a crop was
astounding.
where and cause so much devastation to a
crop was astounding.
A live-tracking website was set up
called Montana Pestweb, to show the
spread of the midge. Six Montana Agricultural Research Centers and 26 MSU Extension offices worked with growers and
crop consultants to place the hundreds
of traps across the state. Local producers
were trained by extension agents in the
biology of the pest: How to track it, what
insecticides would be effective and most
importantly when and when not to spray.
There is only one known gene in the
EGAN VS. MIDGE, CONTINUED ON PAGE 11

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WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

Going on the attack: Wheat growers tackle acreage losses


BY JONATHAN KNUTSON
FORUM NEWS SERVICE

Enough is enough, says the National


Association of Wheat Growers, which is
working on a new plan to combat the long
decline in U.S. wheat acreage.
Wheat is in trouble. says Brett Blankenship, a wheat farmer from Washtucna, Wash., and president of the National
Association of Wheat Growers. Theres
been a 20-year decline in productivity
and profitability.
Effort No. 1 is to reverse that troubling
trend and improve wheat acres, yields,
profitability and competitiveness, he
says.
Details of the effort, known as the
Wheat Action Plan, are still being
worked out. But it will enlist all sectors of
the wheat industry, beginning with tech
provider companies, he says.
He expects farmers will be surveyed
this winter, with the plan formulated in
about a year. Once ready, the plan will be
implemented over six months and monitored for several years.
It took us 20 to 25 years to get here (the
big loss of wheat acres), he says. We
believe the turnaround will take much

less time.
He says, Preliminary studies show
a 20 to 25 percent in (wheat) yields will
stop the erosion in wheat acres and make
wheat competitive in areas where you
wouldnt automatically plant corn or
soybeans. The good news is, 20 percent is
probably achievable with the tools we already have: better management of inputs,
better genetic choice with seed, more intensive management.
Even greater yield increases are possible when more and better technology
becomes available to wheat farmers
-- something the plan will promote, Blankenship says.
The National Association of Wheat
Growers began discussing a battle-back
plan last winter, eventually deciding to go
beyond the association and include all
aspects of the industry to unify the effort
to try to reinvigorate wheat, he says.
The association wants the entire industry, including tech companies, state
wheat groups, private and public researchers and exporters, to be part of the
effort.

Losing ground

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canola and less winter wheat, historically


their dominant crop. And some Montana
farmers are planting more pulse crops
and less wheat, which has long been their
primary crop.
Blankenship says the concept of different cropping systems will all be part of
(the plan). And a similar emphasis will
be placed on double-cropping wheat and
soybeans.
The association is trying to cast a wide
net to make the plan applicable for the
different types of wheat and areas of the
wheat in which the crop is grown. Wheat
is very diverse, Blankenship says.

No time to delay

Efforts to revitalize cant be delayed,


Blankenship says.
The wheat industry pays for research
though state commissions that oversee
checkoff programs. When production
falls, theres less money to invest in research, he says.
Were trying to overcome this challenge while we still have the infrastructure to succeed, he says. If we wait too
much longer, then we may find ourselves
going the way of oats. You become a minor crop.

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year to year, planted wheat acreage has
declined steadily over the past two decades, with corn and soybeans benefitting
at wheats expense.
U.S. wheat acreage has dropped from
69 million in 1995 to 55 million in 2015. In
the same 20-year period, U.S. planted corn
acreage has risen from 79 million to 88
million and U.S. planted soybean acreage
from 62 million to 83 million.
Much of the switch from wheat to corn
and beans has come in the Upper Midwest, including parts of North Dakota,
South Dakota and northwest Minnesota.
Corn and soybeans have enjoyed far
more technological gains than wheat in
the past 20 years, allowing average corn
and soybean yields to rise faster than average wheat yields, Blankenship says.
The technology train left the station
without wheat, he says. Corn and soy
have gone on a successful trajectory and
wheat has been flat on its yields and returns to growers.
The greater popularity of corn and soybeans isnt the only reason U.S. farmers
are planting less wheat.
Some Oklahoma farmers, for instance,
are diversifying by planting more winter

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

WILLISTON

4960 Hwy 85
701-577-2263 855-648-2263

MINOT

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701-839-2263 800-247-0673
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RENE JEAN WILLISTON HERALD

Wade Fischer talks to his harvesting team on a two-way radio. He was one of the states five Joppa
growers, a new wheat variety released by NDSU that is proving itself to be a very high yielder.

Jumping into Joppa

Why growers are so excited about this new wheat variety


BY RENE JEAN
RJEAN@WILLISTONHERALD.COM

GRENORA Theres a new kid on the


block, and its causing some excitement
for the durum growers out there. The
wheat variety is called Joppa, and its a
yet another success story coming out of
the NDSU breeding program.
Wade Fischer, of Grenora, is among five
North Dakota farmers who purchased
some of the wheat to grow seed for release
in the state for the next growing season.
I wanted to get my hands on that Joppa
to see how it would do because durum is
literally bread and butter for me, he said.
Sometimes they tell you a variety yields
better, but you never know until you try
it yourself. It might not do as well for your
land.
Joppa yielded two bushels more per
acre than the Tioga hed planted on his
farmland near Grenora, and that was an
exciting result. Fischer said he now hopes
to be all Joppa within a two-year span.
Joppa did even better for Nevin Dahl,
farming southeast of Watford City.
He also grew the Grenora variety of
durum. Joppa beat it by 10 to 20 bushels
an acre.
Some of it has to be attributed to the
wonderful amount of rainfall we received
this year, Dahl said. But probably, the
best characteristic of it is, I had 2 inches
of rain and it still held its color well. Very
well for the amount of rain on it.
Dahl said he was very happy with the
variety and plans to grow some more of it
again next year.
Both men credited the NDSU program

The farmer, hes gonna want


high yield, high test weight,
a nice kernel size, the right
height, the right maturity,
so we need to develop something that meets his demand.
for the work its been doing to develop varieties that grow well in the state. NDSU
has a comprehensive breeding program
for 12 to 13 different crops, from wheat
and peas and lentils to potatoes, flax and
barley.
Joppa was developed by Dr. Elias Elias,
who said the variety took 12 to 13 years to
develop.
We normally what we have to do is, we
have to see what our customers need, Dr.
Elias said.
That all starts with the farmers who
grow the wheat, and ends with the consumer who buys the finished, value-added product.
The farmer, hes gonna want high
yield, high test weight, a nice kernel size,
the right height, the right maturity, so we
need to develop something that meets his
demand, Dr. Elias said.
But the farmer also has to sell the wheat
to a miller, who has his own particulars.
Millers want what they call good semolina extraction, Dr. Elias said. That
JOPPA, CONTINUED ON PAGE 9

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

Unraveling the secrets of the wheat stem sawfly


BY RENE JEAN
RJEAN@WILLISTONHERALD.COM

SIDNEY The wheat stem


sawfly, much to the farmers
dismay, lives a mostly secret
life inside as the name would
imply the stem of wheat
plants. It is a creature that has
managed, by and large, to keep
its secrets close for 100 years
or more, but researchers at the
USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory
are working to unravel those
secrets. Those efforts were one
of the many topics at the recent
USDA-ARS Sidney and Froid
Dryland Field Days.
Sawflies begin as eggs in the
stem of the wheat plant. When
the larvae hatch, they begin eating the stem, which causes some
reduction in size but thats
not the real problem of this pest.
The real problem comes later
when the sawfly larvae drop to
the base of the stem and cut it
to form their secret overwintering chambers. At that time, the
farmer will notice his beautiful

There is a lot of concern the


pest is spreading, so theres
a lot of interest right now in
finding ways to manage the
insect.
wheat has fallen over in the field
and suddenly become unharvestable. A total loss due to lodging.
Sawflies have annually caused
regional losses of between $100
to $350 million dollars. Its
mostly been a problem in the
MonDak and some adjacent Canadian provinces, but has of late
the little pest has been moving
south, causing substantial economic losses in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska.
There is a lot of concern the
pest is spreading, so theres a lot
of interest right now in finding
ways to manage the insect, said
research entomologist Tatyana
SAWFLY, CONTINUED ON PAGE 9

Williston, ND
701.572.8354/701.572.2171

Wildrose, ND
701.539.2272

RENE JEAN WILLISTON HERALD

Tatyana Rand holds up a vial containing specimens of adult and larval wheat stem sawfly, as well as one of the wasps
that parasitizes the pest in front of a test wheat plot at Froid Research Farm during the recent Dryland Field Day for USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory.

Zahl, ND
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Wheat Show

JOPPA

JANUARY 2016

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7

way, the more money theyre going to make.


They want to have a high protein and a nice
color to it.
Millers, meanwhile, sell to the pasta makers,
who want good protein, good taste, and the
right color.
Strong gluten, thats what makes a good
pasta, so that is important to them, Dr. Elias
said.
Consumers, on the other hand, are very
particular about consistent color. They want
a pretty yellow with no black spots, and they
dont want their pasta to lose color when
cooked.
That all sounds quite complicated, but the
breeding program takes a simpler, classical
approach. The varieties developed by NDSU
are all non-GMO.
We may have a variety that is high-yield,
but doesnt have the other qualities and characteristics we want, so what we try to find is
a variety with maybe average yield and high
quality and cross these together, Dr. Elias
explained. That is what we did with Joppa.
Eventually we found two parents, one a high
yielder and one a high-quality and crossed
them. It took us 10 years, so it didnt happen
overnight. There is a lot of research that goes
into it.
Joppa as a variety is showing a good yield
profile in a wide territory and, as such, is set to
be the new cool kid in wheat town.
Its shown very high yield potential across
the whole state of North Dakota and Montana,
so it has a very good yield and a good quality,
he said. It combines both.

It will take some time before enough Joppa


seed has been grown to go around to all the
growers who will no doubt want to try it. In
the meantime, however, Dr. Elias is hopeful
growers will remember another recent variety
released the year before Joppa Carpio.
It has outstanding quality characteristics,
Dr. Elias said. It really makes the best pasta.
It has the best color and when you cook it, you
will never lose any of it.
His recommendation is for producers to
grow some of each and not put all their eggs in
one basket.
The breeding program at NDSU has helped
keep North Dakota at the top of the producer
chain in a wide variety of commodities. Thats
because its a complete package, Dr. Elias said.
We have the breeding program in the Department of Plant Sciences, and the Department of Cereal Science which evaluates all the
quality, he said. We have plant pathology
and the entomology department, so we have all
that here, plus we have the USDA laboratories
here.
All that science is brought to bear on breeding programs for oats, flax, potatoes, barley,
durum and other wheats, soybeans, corn, edible beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas and various
woody plants. Sunflowers too are being studies
in the area by the USDA.
I dont know if people know that all these
crops that are grown in North Dakota, we
have breeders for these crops, Dr. Elias said.
I dont think there are that many universities
around the country with that many breeding
programs.

NDSU Sets Best of the Best in Wheat and Soybean Meetings


Four Best of the Best in
Research and Marketing
meetings have been set for
February in Grand Forks,
Moorhead, Minn., Dickinson
and Minot.
The first series of meetings
will be held at the Alerus
Center in Grand Forks on
Feb. 4 and at the Courtyard by
Marriott Hotel in Moorhead

on Feb. 5. Both meetings will


begin at 8:30 a.m.
The second series of meetings will be in Dickinson at
the Ramada Grand Dakota
Lodge on Feb. 11, followed
by a meeting in Minot at the
Holiday Inn Riverside on
Feb. 12. Both meetings
begin at 9 a.m. The first series of meetings will review

recent research findings on


issues that impact soybean
and wheat production. Hans
Kandel, NDSU Extension
agronomist and one of the organizers, emphasized that the
topics covered by the program
are those considered to be
most important to the farmers
for which relevant research
findings are available.

SAWFLY

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 8

Rand.
She has been researching and studying the pest for the past six years.
Presently she is taking a closer look at the effects of rainfall on the pests
lifestyle.
Historical papers going back to the 1800s and on up to the present day
have noted that sawflies do very poorly in high rainfall or severe drought
years. Its not known how or why, however, rainfall levels are so critical.
We want to put some rigorous science behind this and figure out what is
going on, Rand said. Many fields dont have parasitoids, and were trying
to figure out why they are not everywhere, so we can make them more numerous and better at attacking sawflies.
Her study looks at three different moisture levels, both with and without
parasitoid wasps, to better pinpoint the factors that play into successful
management of sawflies.
For the drought scenarios, water is excluded using drought frames,
while drip tape adds water for the other extreme.
Insect cages surround the test plants to create a controlled environment
for each scenario.
In addition to improving management strategies, Rands data may also
improve the ability to predict wheat stem sawfly outbreaks, providing
growers with more guidance for management decisions. That way theyd
have a better idea when to recommend planting solid-stemmed wheat or
alternative crops such as pulse or oilseeds.
Another avenue of research into the wheat stem sawfly came up rather
unexpectedly when research entomologist Stefan Jaronski observed that
a number of the pest larvae had been infected with a fungus called Beauveria in the course of doing some laboratory work.
Some strains of Beauveria have been used for pest management in other
plants without harm to the plants or to people consuming the plants, and,
in fact, two strains of the bacteria are already registered with the EPA.
That means the human and environmental safety of Beauveria is already
relatively well known, making this a particularly appealing line of research.
Jaronski has since been out in the wheat fields of North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska and Colorado surveying for strains of Beauveria. While distribution of the sawfly-killing kind of Beauveria appears to
be restricted to a few fields, in those few fields, most of the larvae had the
infection.
Jaronski believes the particular strains that work against sawfly are
probably endophytic meaning the bacteria has infected the wheat itself.
Otherwise it could not get into the stem of the wheat plant to infect the larvae and kill them.
This opens up intriguing possibilities for helping manage the sawflies,
Jaronski says.
While an endophytic Beauvaria infection would not get a present years
infestation, it could help control the next years problems, and it might
help keep infestations low in the future years. The bacteria can be applied
by spraying it on a crop, or by putting it in the soil at planting so it colonizes the plants root system sort of like a probiotic, but for plants.
Its not a magic bullet, Jaronski said. We still have to figure some
things out, but stay tuned.

WILLISTON, ND

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Ag magic

10

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

NDSU, MSU making happen in the MonDak


A MonDak first

BY RENE JEAN
RJEAN@WILLISTONHERALD.COM

Thanks to science, theres a bit of magic that happens in the MonDak, and its
magic that is now at your fingertips.
NDSU has for 21 years put out a guidebook to all the new research in the MonDak, and this year, MSU for the first time
is also putting out a guidebook to all the
great stuff they have going on across the
state.
All this research contributes to the
MonDaks standing as a No. 1 producer
of some 14 different crops, and the nice
thing is, both these guidebooks are yours
for the asking, free of charge.
You can find them online, or at the
respective entities that produced them.
Theyre also often seen at field days.
Heres a rundown on each.

For the first time this year, MSU is releasing a compilation of research projects
across the state. While the research projects in this first-time publication seem to
be heavy into sheep, Tim Fines, Extension agent for Richland County, sees a
few projects that could translate well to
cattle operations.
Among these is a research project that
looks into sheep grazing for field pea
cover crops in a winter wheat production
system.
Cover crops are gaining in popularity,
and if they can be effectively terminated
by grazing them, so they dont have to be
tilled or sprayed, that could make them
even more attractive to both farmers and
ranchers, Fine said.
MAGIC, CONTINUED ON PAGE 12

ASHLEIGH FOX SIDNEY HERALD

Holly Bouchard and her lamb successfully complete a jump during the Richland County Fair 4-H
Obstacle Course in August last year.

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

EGAN VS. MIDGE


CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5

world that provides resistance to orange


blossom midge. North Dakota State University colleagues provided the gene to
Montana researchers. It is called SM1, and
it produces toxins that will kill the midge
when it burrows into the developing
wheat seed.
The work wasnt over, of course, now
that Montana had some of the SM1 gene to
work with. It was just beginning.
Talbert used the gene to cross into Montana adapted varieties using traditional
breeding techniques to find a suitable variety with resistance.
Six years later, they had a variety with
reasonably high grain protein and strong
yield potential under high-yield conditions, that is also resistant to stripe-rust,
a wheat disease in Montana that can also
limit yields. It is a little taller than typical
varieties grown under irrigation in the
Flathead Valley, so stems may bend over
known as lodging under very high
yield levels.
Because of Egans potency, researchers
are recommending it be blended with 10
percent of a non-resistant variety to delay
the midge from developing resistance.

That way, a small population of normal


midges continues to survive and breed
with any potentially resistant midges,
keeping them all susceptible to Egan. Under this system, midges will continue to
exist, but not in numbers that devastate a
crop. Were using natures greatest tools
against itself, so its a natural form of resistance, Talbert said.
Egan has been tested at seven research
centers across Montana including EARC,
and last spring the seed was given to the
Montana Foundation Seed Program for
production and certification. Now Egan is
available to producers and is being sold as
a certified blend the first in the history
of the university. Growers must sign an
agreement to use only the certified seed
blend.
Bill Grey is recently retired from the
Montana Foundation Seed Program.
Its important for all to understand
how important the blend ratio is and a bit
about the background as the agreement is
legally binding, Bill Grey said. This was
a collective response for public good, and
the certified seed only agreement is also
dependent on a kind of handshake and
agreement between neighbors across the
state.

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

11

Graphic by North Dakota State University and the North Dakota Wheat Commission.

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MAGIC

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

cent live pea and 22 percent bare ground


cover.
Tillage was more successful at termination of the peas, but left more bare
ground than the goal, putting the plots at
increased risk of erosion.
A standard mixture of herbicide retained excellent soil cover, but was not
very effective on the pea, leaving 73 percent.
Wheat yields were the same regardless
of termination method, the study found.
Rotataionally grazed sheep gained slightly more weight .34 versus .40 mean average daily gains.
The potential economic gain shown is
two fold. One, herbicide or tillage costs
are eliminated, while secondly, livestock
gained valuable weight from the cover
crop.
More research has to be done on the
system, and the study is part of a longer-term look into the incorporation of
sheep grazing into a wheat, lentil, safflower production system.
Other items in the study that may interest eastern Montana producers included a
study looking at the impact of feeding Rumensin to cattle, which was conducted in
Miles City, and a project looking at mineral supplement intake by ewes swath
grazing or confinement fed pea-barley
forage.
We have quite a few producers looking

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10


Cover crops are gaining in popularity
because not only do they help keep down
weeds, but they can add beneficial inputs
to the soil and help prevent erosion, all of
which long-term helps build better soil
and more profitability.
The sheep grazing termination study
was conducted at the Fort Ellis Research
farm, 6 miles east of Bozeman and examined two sheep grazing methods. The first
was continuous grazing with a stocking
density of 23 sheep to 1 acre. The second
used a stocking density of 93 sheep per
acre, but rotated them through strip
pastures every four days, followed by a 12day rest period.
Sheep grazed from June 16 to July 18 in
both systems. Although continuous grazing minimizes labor and animal stress,
rotational grazing may improve animal
distribution and increase the uniformity.
The results of the sheep grazing were
compared to herbicide-terminated plots
and tillage-terminated plots both for termination and wheat yield.
Results found both grazing treatments
to be equally effective at termination,
with 77 percent dead pea cover, 1-2 per-

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at alternative forages like peas and barley, Fine said. I think even though this
research was done on sheep, a correlation
can probably be made to cattle.
More of the report is available online
at http://www.msuextension.org/coa/
documents/2015FullReport.pdf. MSU officials say they hope to hear feedback from
growers and producers in the MonDak
to help guide future research priorities.
They also encourage growers to contact
the scientists involved in the studies of
interest to them for more information.
I definitely see this as a useful tool
for our producers, Fine said. There is
an awful lot of research going on in the
agriculture world, and it is nice to have a
source that highlights the most current
research. And that also allows people
feedback, to try and help direct future research projects.

2015 Agricultural
Research Update

This one is put together by both the NDSUs Williston Research Extension Center and the MSUs Eastern Agricultural
Center. Its got it all from hops to high
tunnels, all with a MonDak slant.
The booklet is now in its 21st year of
printing and contains a wide array of not
just useful, but essential, information for
any producer in the MonDak.
This booklet is available at both the
WREC and the EARC and is often distributed during field days and other
seminars in the MonDak. It is totally free
and available online at https://www.
ag.ndsu.edu/WillistonREC/variety-trial-data-1/2015-annual-agricultural-research-update/2015-annual-agricultural-research-update/view.
The first 73 pages look at variety trial
information for a whole bunch of crops
commonly grown here. Wheat, barley and
oats. Flax, Safflower and Canola. Corn,
beans and sugarbeet just to name a few.
Meanwhile, researchers are looking
at the potential of all kinds of new crops,
ranging from Juneberries to hops. The
latter has attracted dozens of calls for
researcher Kyla Splichal, who is conducting a variety trial on the specialty crop.
The interest is not too surprising. With
the craft beer industry taking off across
the country a new brewery is opening
every 16 hours hops represent a new

and potentially lucrative specialty crop.


Specialty crops often demand a better price, Splichal said. And we were
looking for something up and coming,
and this is definitely that. This could be a
lucrative business, if they wanted to see
where their profits could grow.
Hops take three years to reach full potential, and Splichals trial is just in its
first. Nonetheless, early indicators are
that a few of the dozen varieties she tried
indeed have what it takes to make it in
the MonDak.
Meanwhile, an entirely different research project took a look at high-tunnels. These could have great potential to
extend the short growing season in the
MonDak, and thus increase the yield and
diversity of crops that can be grown.
The WREC high-tunnel produced 596.5
pounds of produce in 2015, from cool
season beets and kale to warm season
watermelon. Cool season crops were still
growing as of Nov. 25, according to the
report. However, there were times the
tunnel grew too hot, so some temperature
management may be required.
There were even a couple of just fun
studies in the report, that nonetheless
produced highly interesting results.
In the jumble-toss garden, Splichal and
Kim Holloway decided to test a statement
by soil scientist Jim Staricka, who had
claimed he grew his vegetables all jumbled together by mixing the seeds in a
bag, then tossing them in the garden.
The seeds are covered with a light layer
of mulch, and the gardener walks away.
The results were not the disaster you
might expect.
There were few weeds, no disease and
no stress, even in crowded spots. A large
variety of plants in fact grew very well,
although a few did not. These were were
sage, rosemary, lavender, lettuce, spinach
and carrots.
Were they finicky? Or just the victim
of a certain watermelon-eating critter?
Thats not known for sure.
What is known is that the jumble toss
garden grew 109 pounds of produce, 22 of
them cucumbers, 9 of them tomatoes, 12
of them beans, 2 of them brussel sprouts,
2.3 of them Swiss chard and carrots, and a
whopping 57 pounds of spaghetti squash.
Watermelon weighed in at 2.3 pounds,
but the critters ate well on 20 melons in
all.

Advanced Crop Advisers Workshop Set for Feb. 9-10 in Fargo


The Advanced Crop Advisers Workshop is scheduled for Feb. 9-10 at the HolidayInn in Fargo.
The workshop is designed to provide
in-depth discussion of selected topics for
agricultural professionals to enhance
their crop production recommendations
forfarmers.
The event is organized and conducted
by the North Dakota State University
Extension Service and University of Min-

nesota Extension.
Preregistration is required. The workshop fee is $140 if received by Feb. 5, or
$75 if attending one day. Late registration fees are $175 or $100 for one day.
The fee includes three meals and refreshment breaks, and reference materials. A brochure that contains workshop
details, including a preregistration form,
is at http://bit.ly/CarringtonRECworkshop.

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

CROP REPORT
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3
break-even.

Lentils, mustard,
chickpeas beat all

Projections for lentils, mustard and


chickpeas show the best projections,
ranging from a $50 to $70 return to labor
and management per acre in the regions
for which there are budgets.
These are generally only grown in the
western parts of the state, due to disease
issues. Buckwheat, a minor crop, also
had positive returns in the northwest
region, as well as southwest, north-central and northeast regions. Projections
ranged from $8 to $16 an acre.
Also in the northwest, corn shows a
positive return along with southwest
regions though both of these are highrisk areas for that crop.

Wheat not a sure winner

Spring wheat, a common crop in northwestern North Dakota, projects a loss in


all regions. Projections do show some
advantages over soybeans and corn in
the northeast.
Durum, meanwhile, also projects negative returns throughout the state but

beats out spring wheat in the northwest,


southwest and south-central regions.
Malting barley returns are positive in
six regions of the state including northwestern North Dakota, ranging from $15
to $38 per acre.
They are negative only in the north and
south Red River valley and break-even in
the southeast region.
Malting barley and durum typically
face greater risk of price discounts due to
poor quality than most other crops.
Confection sunflowers will do best in
the southwest and north-central regions,
according to the projections,, with returns to labor and management of about
$10 per acre and the south-central region
projects an $11 per acre loss. Oil sunflowers are projecting a loss of more than $20
per acre in all regions.
Canola projections are negative in all
regions. The best results were minus $30
per acre in the north-central, northeast,
southwest and northwest regions.
Flax projections show negative returns
in all regions, but is least at minus $10 to
$15 per acre in the western regions and in
the northeast.
Field peas show positive returns in
the north-central region. They are competitive with other crops in four other
regions.

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

13

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

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Wheat Show

meet the presenters


Robert McCubbin

He graduated from the University of


Montana with a degree in geography in
2007. He has five years experience in the
H2 industry, and specializes in H-2A and
H-2B filing and regulatory compliance
consultation. He was born and raised in
El Paso, Texas, but currently resides in
Missoula, Mont., and is President and Operations Manager of H2 Visa Consultants,
LLC.

is married to Annemarie and has a son


called Hendrik.
Jack and Annemarie run a crop consulting business, Chinook Crop Care Ltd.,
which specializes in environmental compliance for large feedlots, dairies and hog
enterprises. They maximize the financial
return on crops by maximizing returns
on farmers own resources (manure,
equipment, land etc.) while minimizing
negative impacts on the environment.
They have successfully minimized inputs
and reallocated scarce resources for many clients.
Jack is intensely familiar with all facets
of farming, from dryland agriculture to
irrigation and from feedlot to subsistence
farming in Central Africa. Jack has seen
the good and the bad.
Jacks passion is agriculture and lifelong learning.
He calls himself a student of Agriculture!

V.J. Smith

A professional speaker and published


author, V.J. Smith graduated from South
Dakota State University in 1978 and spent
the 80s working for the Allied Signal
Aerospace Company in Kansas City. He
returned to his alma mater in 1990, working for six years in the SDSU Athletic
Department and serving as Executive
Director of the SDSU Alumni Association
in 1996. In January 2007, he decided to
pursue a career in professional speaking. Smith now travels the country and
makes more than 100 speaking appearances a year. He is a two-time finalist in
the Toastmasters International Worlds
Championship of Public Speaking.
He is also the author of the best-selling
book, The Richest Man Town, which
details Smiths relationship with a man
who ran a cash register at a local WalMart but changed his life. His other books
include Can you Hear What I see? and
Jackrabbit Tales.
Smith is the President of Lifes Great
Moments and resides in Brookings, SD.

Jack Feenstra

Jack was born and raised on a mixed


farm in the Netherlands, where they had
21 dairy cows, potatoes and beets. Jack

JANUARY 2016

Usset is the Grain Marketing Economist for the Center for Farm Financial
Management at the University of Minnesota, the developers of FINPACK software
and a variety of educational programs.
Working with his colleagues at CFFM
and in extension, Ed developed the award
winning Winning the Game series of
workshops.
In addition, he manages Commodity
Challenge, an online marketing education game that uses real-time cash and
futures data. He teaches Commodity
Markets at the University.
The 2nd Edition of his book, Grain
Marketing is Simple (its just not easy)
was released in November, 2015.

15

Edwin Haugen

In 2008, he co-created one of the most-requested seminars by Thrivent agents


nationwide. Its called Keeping the Farm
in the Family. He has presented more
than 150 seminars over the past 25 years
and is a 2010 Thrivent Hall of Fame recipient, an achievement earned by less than 2
percent of Thrivent Financial agents. He
is himself a third-generation farmer and
rancher on a family-owned operation for
more than 100 years. He is a North Dakota
organic and traditional farmer, as well as
a registered and commercial cattle breeder. He and his wife have three children
together.

Elston Denzil Solberg


Keynote speaker

Edward Usset

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Hes known to many as the crop whisperer. Elston grew up on a mixed-dairy


farm near Ryley Alberta, where he
learned about hard work and tenacity.
Hockey, baseball and fishing were key to
his youth. He knew early that science was
his career focus.
He attended Camrose Lutheran College
to play hockey where the Vikings won the
Canadian Junior College Championships.
Later he completed a B.Sc. in Agriculture
and an M.Sc. in soils. While completing
his masters, he worked full-time as a research associate with mentor Dr. Marvin
Nyborg and continued to work on many
practical research projects for eight years
full-time and seven part-time after leaving to join Alberta Agriculture to work
in research and extension for 17 years.
During this time, Elston moved back to
his hometown, where he served on the
Village council for nine years, eight as
mayor, and was chair of Beaver Regional Waste Management and Chair of the
Joint Councils of Beaver County.
He was in the process of completing a
Ph.D. on a project involving a detailed

understanding of N. cycling. The paper is


complete and is adding to a still growing
body of scientific and popular press, although the thesis is not yet complete.
Since then, he started a company called
Sun Mountain Inc. and began an affiliation with Agri-trend, where is Director of
Agri-Knowledge.
Elston has traveled extensively and
has trained people on every continent
except Antarctica on various facets of
crop production, soil science and nutrient
management. He has recently established
a speaking, teaching, training and publishing company called EarthDirtSoil.
He is a fervent believer in human potential and the constant betterment of
the world. He wakes up everyday to help
growers re-allocate scarce resources with
the challenge that every acre of arable
land will need to grow 70 percent more
food by 2050.
Elston has also served on a number
of volunteer organizations. His current
focus is the charity Give a Shirt, www.
giveashirt.ca.
He has four children and three grandchildren. He lives near Edmonton (Devon) with his wife Deanna and daughter
Kaelyn, who is 10 going on 33, along with
one dog, one cat, two horses and two sugar gliders.

Jodi Bruns

Jodi Bruns is a Community Vitality


Extension Specialist for the NDSU Extension Service. She works with rural comPRESENTERS, CONTINUED ON PAGE 16

16

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

munity leaders
to assist them
in developing
long-term
plans, as well
as providing
various research based
resources from
NDSU. She
also delivers
professional
development
training and
facilitation for private industry, government agencies as well as communities.
She has spent time researching theories
of social capital and its impact on rural
communities as well as studying adequate housing trends throughout those
communities. Jodi and her husband live
and work on their 4th generation farm
located in Dickey County.

John Pulasky

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

A Montana native with more than 30


years of radio and television weathercasting experience. He has his own radio
network, weatherbyjohn.com., where he
produces five daily broadcasts, Monday
through Friday, that are heard on radio
stations across the region. His radio reports are also available on his website.
John taught AViation meteorology at
Rocky Mountain College for 25 years.

the globe, including the sinking of the


Titanic. If you want to know how El Nino
and the Price of Chicken are related, stay
tuned.

Cliff Naylor

Hes been a national Weather Service


Coop Observer since 1995, keeping track
of the weather for the Southern Ag Research Center at Huntley in Montana.
Johan also produces a weekly four-minute weather program, Weather in the
West that airs throughout the west.
H is the supervisor for the Yellowstone
County Conservation District in Billings. John and his wife Debbie have four
granddaughters and live on the Huntley
Project east of Billings.
Johns presentation will not only peer
into the crystal ball of weather forecasting, but he will weave an informative,
educational and entertaining tale of how
weather phenomenon that occur off the
west coast of South America has influenced or altered historical events around

I have almost a quarter century of


broadcasting experience, spending most
of his career in Western North Dakota
and Eastern Montana.
My first television job was in Glendive,
Montana, as weatherman and sports anchor at KXGN-TV. From there I moved to
Williston, North Dakota, was the news director at KUMV-TV from 1979-1982. I then
moved out of state to become the chief
pho- tographer and sports director at KMVT-TV in Twin Falls, Idaho. I worked in
Idaho from 1982 to 1988 then returned to
North Dakota where I now am a reporter
and photographer with KFYR-TV. In 1999
I added the job of morning weatherman to
my list of duties.
During my career I have won over 25
broadcast television awards for sports
re- porting, news reporting, feature and
documentary reporting, news and sports
pho- tography.
A large portion of my job is feature reporting. I love traveling across the state
find- ing unique and interesting stories
in rural North Dakota for my weekly Off
The Beaten Path series which airs every
Friday on the Evening and Night Reports.
I have also found doing morning weather

a challenge and I take pride in being the


first person in our region to let people
know what weather theyll wake up to;
es- pecially when it can alert them and
prepare them for severe weather.
I am married to KFYR-TV anchor Monica Hannan. Together we have authored
two books, Dakota Day Trips, Discovering North Dakotas Hidden Treasures,
and More Dakota Day Trips. The books
have sold over 20 thousand copies and featured many of the places I have visited as
part of my Off The Beaten Path television series.
Monica and I have three children,
Meghanne, C.J. and Hannah.
PRESENTERS, CONTINUED ON PAGE 17

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Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

17

the USDA-ARS Northern Crops Science


Laboratory in Fargo, ND. At the USDA,
she worked as a biological science laboratory technician conducting research on
wound-healing and skin-set development
of potato.
Currently, she is employed with the
NDSU North Central Research Extension
Center in Minot, ND as the Area Extension Specialist.

Chris Augustin

Shana Forster

Shana (Shay-na) Forster is a native


of Mandan, ND. She received her B.S.
degrees in Crop and Weed Sciences and
Plant Protection from North Dakota State
University in 2000. She also received an
M.S. in plant breeding and genetics from
NDSU in 2002. During her M.S. program
she studied the inher- itance of seed-Zn in
navy bean under the direction of Dr. Ken
Grafton.
From 2003 to 2008, she was employed by

Chris grew up on his family farm in


northeastern North Dakota near the town
of Crystal. Helping out the small grains,
sugar beets, and potatoes operation gave
Chris a love of agriculture and respect of
the land. This carried over into college
as he earned a B.S. and M.S. in Natural
Resources Manage- ment emphasizing
Soil Science from North Dakota State
University.
During Chris time at NDSU he became
active and held leadership positions in
many organizations. During the spring of 2008 Chris
moved to Carrington to work for the NDSU Extension Service as a Nutrient Management Specialist where he worked with
farmers and ranchers fertility programs
and consulted them on environmental
issues.
Chris moved to Minot in March of 2012.
As Area Extension Specialist/Soil Health

reach programs focused on management


of plant diseases on the economically important, highly diverse crops in western
North Dakota.
at North Central Research Extension
Center he hopes to help farmers improve
their soil resources. Chris is excited to
improve North Dakotas soil by educating
producers, technical service providers,
and others on cur- rent and emerging soil
management practices.

Audrey Kalil

Audrey is aPlant Pathologist at the NDSU Williston Research Extension Center.


She will lead applied research and out-

John Nowatzki

John is an Agricultural Machine Systems Specialist with North Dakota State


University.
Responsibilities
Develop and teach educational programs related to agriculture machinery
selection and operation, geospatial technology for precision resource management, conservation till- age technologies,
agricultural chemical application techPRESENTERS, CONTINUED ON PAGE 18

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4324 4TH AVE W, WILLISTON (701) 774-2231

314 42ND ST W, WILLISTON (701) 572-2393

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

WE HAVE THE LARGEST


FASTENER SELECTION IN
WILLISTON INCLUDING
STAINLESS STEEL,
GRADE 8 & METRIC FOR
ALL YOUR REPAIR NEEDS!
NEED THAT SPECIAL TOOL TO GET THE JOB
DONE? WE CARRY CRAFTSMAN POWER TOOLS.

nology, energy conservation and alternative energy use.


Expertise Areas
Agricultural machine systems
Precision agriculture
Conservation technology
Farm equipment energy conservation
Energy efficiency
Farm chemical application technology
Wireless technology on Farms

10 26TH ST E WILLISTON, ND 58801 (701)572-7300

Dwight Aakre

STORE HOURS: MONDAY-FRIDAY 8A.M. - 8P.M.


SATURDAYS 8A.M.-6P.M. SUNDAYS 12 P.M. - 5P.M.

Dwight Aakre is an Extension Farm


Management Specialist with responsibilities covering a broad range of farm

management issues. He has expertise in


building leases; irrigated crop budgets;
fair rent; farm management software;
farm real estate taxes; farm transition
plan- ning; government farm programs;
irrigation economics; land values, rental
rates and leases; machinery rents; and
custom rates.
Dwight provides leadership in the maintenance of North Dakotas Land Valuation Model and works with the State Tax
Department, County governments and
the Legislative Taxation Com- mittee. He
provides leadership for in-service training
PRESENTERS, CONTINUED ON PAGE 19

XNLV249861

Farm and Ranch


Insurance...

A Farmers Seed Company

Seed Available for Spring 2016


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Cert
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Common & Cert


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Registered Carpio durum
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Common York flax
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Cert
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Registered Genesis barley


Cert
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Call today to lean how to balance your risk


management program with a farm and ranch policy.

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XNLV250252

Cert
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Ask about onsite seed treating!

Mark Birdsall or Blake Inman


Plant: (701) 453-3300
Marks Cell: (701) 240-9507
Blakes Cell: (701) 240-8748
www.birdsallgrainandseed.com
Follow us at
www.facebook.com/birdsallseed

Ask about seed treatments,


inoculant, soybean seed, canola seed,
corn seed, and sunflower seed.

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18

Jerry & Sjon Zunich


Zunich Insurance
113 Washington Ave
Williston, ND 58801
(701) 577-5721
www.farmersunioninsurance.com/zunichagency

Wheat Show

and educational programs on economics


of land ownership and rental arrangements, machinery management, cropping systems, rota- tions, crop selection,
cost of production, farm policy and farm
programs. He participates with the North
Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS) in conducting the North Dakota
custom rate survey. Aakre assists AFPC
with the Representative Farms Project,
including identifying panel participants,
meeting arrangements and data collection. Dwight has received numerous
Extension program excellence awards
and the AGSCO Excel- lence in Extension
Award (2009).

Andrew Swenson

Andrew Swenson is Extension Farm


and Farm Resource Management Specialist. He conducts research and provides
education in the areas economics, farm financial management, farm family living
expenses, machinery economics, farm
policy and land economics.

Andy has presented over 300 workshops on farm accounting and financial
management, enterprise budgeting, and
whole farm planning. He annually constructs enterprise budgets of major and
minor crops, organizes an income tax
management program for agricultural
producers, processes farm and enterprise
financial averages from farms enrolled in
the North Dakota Farm and Ranch Business Management program, and provides
a report on North Dakota farm financial
trends for agricultural lenders. Andy has
helped develop education programs and
decision aid tools after the last four farm
bills. He is state Finpack leader and has
received several NDSU Extension Service Program Excellence Awards.
Mr. Swenson is a member of the National Farm and Ranch Business Management Education Associa- tion, the
National Association of County Agricultural Agents, and the Northwest Farm
Managers Association.

JANUARY 2016

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

19

Jack Feenstra

Jack was born and raised on a mixed


farm in the Netherlands. At home we had
21 dairy cows, potatoes and beets.
Jack is married to Annemarie and has
a son called Hendrik.
Jack and Annemarie run a crop consulting business, Chinook Crop Care Ltd.
We specialize in environ- mental compliance for large feedlots, dairies and hog
enterprises. We maximize the financial
return on crops by maximizing returns
on farmers own resources (manure,
equipment, land etc.) while mini- mizing
negative impacts on the environment. We
successfully minimized imputs and reallocate scarce resources for many clients.
Jack is intensely familiar with all facets of farming. From Dryland agriculture
to irrigation, from feedlot to subsistence
farming in Central Africa. Jack has seen
the good and the bad.
Jacks passion is agriculture and lifelong learning. He calls himself; a student
of Agriculture!

Bread Day

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 4


wheat, says Danielle Steinhoff, extension agent for Williams County. We will
also talk about honey and how that is a
huge part of North Dakota agriculture.
The students will then get to try their
hand at making some
bread. Theyll put their
ingredients in a ziplock bag and knead the
dough.
Theyll get to take
home a small loaf to
bake that night.
It is a great chance
for the kids to learn, and
they get something out
of it, Steinhoff said.
They can taste what
they did.
They also get a recipe
to take home with them,
in case they want to
make more bread.
To make the expansion possible, homemakers groups from
throughout the county
and other individuals have volunteered
to come and help out.
In addition, several companies have donated supplies to make the day possible.
Flour is coming from North Dakota
mill, yeast from Red Star and honey from
Dave Huelsman. The Wheat Commission
also donated coloring books that tell the
story of wheat, from field to table.

It is
a great
chance for
the kids to
learn, and
they get
something
out of it
They can
taste what
they did.

Renee Jean Williston Herald

Students enjoy making their own bread in these photos from the 2015 Bread Day. Last year, 250 students attended the Wheat Shows Bread Day in Williston.

WILLISTON HERALD/PLAINS REPORTER

Wheat Show

JANUARY 2016

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Williston 701-774-0957
Stanley 701-628-2950
Glasgow 406-228-9341
www.plainsag.com

Case IH is a trademark registered in the United States and many other countries,
owned by or licensed to CNH Industrial N.V., its subsidiaries or affiliates. www.caseih.com

XNLV249549

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