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" M A S H p R t B o R t N T O R G "U S S R M O S C O W

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PHOTOELECTRIC
EXPOSURE
METER
Operating Instructions

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| 2345 -

6
7

6789l0 1 11 2t3 14l5 16-

exposure meter window;

measurer pointer;
m e a s u r e r s c al e ;
changing-over f igures of measurer scale;
beginning of working portion of measur e r s c al e ;
zero mark of measurer scale;
film speed scale in GOST (or
uni t s ;
film speed scale DIN grades;
f i lm speed dial;

ASA)

a u x i l i a r y s c al e ;
f ixed index of auxiliary scale;
s e t i i n g r i n g o f a u x i l i a r y s c al e ;
cine-camera speed scale;
l e n s a p e r t u r e s c al e ;
s h u t t e r s p e e d s c al e ;
range switch knob

GENERAL
Please, study these inslruclions with
prior fo handling your cxposure meter.

care

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APPIICATION
(1O11/4) photoelectric
The "Leningrad 4"
exposure meler is inlended to find the shutler speed or lens aperture in faking both
b l a c k - a n d - w h i t ea n d c o l o u r p i c l u r e s .
The me{er can be used f or movie purp o s es .
This is able lo operale in the bright sun
and arlificial light bolh ouf- and ind6ors.

DELIVER,YSEI
Exposure meter 1O11/4
O p aI g l a s s
Cord
Case
Packing box
Operaling Inslructions

"

pc
pc
pc
pc
pc
copy

DESIGN

The pholoeleclric
meler
consisls
exposure
of a selenium pholocell,
a measurer with if s
scale and a calculafor.
The meler has fwo measuremenls ranges for
reflected
light (brightness) and fwo ones for
incidenl lighf (il luminalion).

over
ranges are changed
The measurement
wilh the he lp of a built-in diaphragm driven
by a knob swilch.
(in either
lighl
incident
When measuring
glass to be inserted
range),
opal
use the
into lhe meter window.
is exposed fo light through
The pholocell
lhe meler window and a currenl generated by
lhe light starls lo flow in the circuil of {he
phofocell
associated wilh lhe measurer.
The more intensive is illumination, fhe phois lhe
tocel I
fo,
the
higher
is subjected
the
meler poinler will
currenl and, hence,
show farther def lection.
The
lens
aperture
are
shulter
speed
or
comfound wiih the help of the calculalor
(upper
posed of lwo
The
and lower).
dials
upper
dial
is coupled wi{h lhe film speed
scale, while
the lower one - wilh lhe ring.
in lens aperThe upper dia I is gradualed
lure values from 1.4 to 22 and in film speeds
(or from 3 lo
from
4 to
1000 GOST units
800 ASA) and from 6 to 30 degrees DlN.
The
f ilm
intermediale
divisions
on
the
speed scale correspond
lo values
11, 22, 45,
90, 180, 350, 700 GOST units.
The lower
scale of shuller
dial
bears a
speeds
from
1/1000 to 15 s, fraclions
of a
second
indicafed
being
as whole
numbers
(e, S. 2 implies 112 s, etc.) in black f igures
lighf
on
a
background,
while
seconds in
lighl figures on a dark background. The same

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dial bears also a cine-scale ranging from 8
per
wilh inlermediale
second
lo 64 frames
divisions implying 24 and 48 f. p. s., and an
auxiliary scale figured from I to 14.
The measurer scale is figured from I lo 14:
for lhe firsl measuremenl range I lo 8 and
for lhe second one - I to 14.
The exposure meter meels lhe requiremenls
of GOST 98s1-68.
HOW

TO FIND SHUTTER SPEED ON, LENS

APER,TUR,E

There are lwo basic methods lo find shulier speed or lens aperlure:
(obiect
reflecled
light
1. The method
of
brightness), tn this case lhe exposure meler
is used to measure an inlensily of lhe light
lo
reflecled
inlo the camera by the obiecl
be photographed,
p
l
a
c
e
lhe expomelhod,
When using this
sure meler al lhe camera localion and direct
it to the obiect of inlerest.
(il lumilight
incideni
of
2, The method
ln this case lhe exposure
nation of object),
meter is used lo measure an intensify of lhe
lo be pholothe
object
illuminaling
light
g raphed,
When using this method, place lhe expolocalion and direct
sure meler at the obieci
opal glass being inil 1o ihe camera, the
serled inlo the meler window.

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To take the opal glass ouf of iis seal in

the
meler
case, press the glass projection
and pu I I it outwards.
To insert ihe
glass
opal
inlo
ihe meler
window, put the spring inlo the slot in the
lower wa | | of
the meler window and olace
the glass into lhe window by gentle pressing
its projecfion,

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OPEN,ATION

PR,OCEDUNE

l. Turning fhe lransparenl

dial,
quired
f ilm speed in GOST (or
or degrees DlN.

sel lhe reASA)

unils

2. Depending
on fhe melhod
of light measuremenl, direcl lhe exposure meler eilher lo
lhe object
photographed
io
be
or
lo lhe
camera.

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If
lhe
measurer
poinler
fai ls
fo
reach
scafe mark
change lhe
"8",
meler
over
lo
lhe more sensilive (i. C. first)
range of measuremenl,
for which
purpose pull
the range
swilch knob fully oulwards,
3. Turning lhe ring, sel lhe auxiliary dial
so lhal
ils fixed
index is in lhe same posif ion as the poinler
on lhe
measurer sca le.
4. Take
fhe
shulier
speed readinq aoainst
lhe desired value
of
lhe
lens
aperluie
or
lake fhe. reading of lhe lens aperiure value
against the derired shuller speed.'
y9u deal wilh a molion
piclure
camera,
!f
lake fhe reading ol lhe lens-aperlure
value
againsl the desired
frequency
oi frames.
On lhe scale a camera speed corresponds
lo lhe crmera wing angle of some lgOd, For
angles olher lhan fhat a correclion is lo be
inlroduced.

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In cameras of
makes f he
scales of
old
lens aperlure
va Iues
shuiler speeds and of
may differ
from ihose of lhe exposure meter, In this case set lhe camera for a shuller
speed or a lens aperture which is closest lo
lhat read
respeclive
from lhe
scale of lhe
exposure meler,
To avoid errors in delermining
lhe shutler
speed by the reflecled
light melhod al nalure shooling, it is advisable thal ihe meter
window should be inclined somewhai *owaros
lhe oround.

1s l r a n g e

piclure laking in
In some cases, e, g.
at
back lighting, on lhe snow, al lhe sea, in lhe
mounlains, wilh
the use of light f illers, at
n o n - u n i fo r m
illuminaf ion, etc,, a correclion
is lo be inlroduced
inlo
lhe shuller speed
value read
the exposure meler scale.
from
For more detailed
informalion
on selection
to
find lhe shuller speeds
of melhods how
and correction
factors
one
should refer lo
pholography
specia I lileralure
dea ling
with
and exoosure melerinq.

2nd range

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The
" Leningrad 4"
exposure
meler
is a
high-sensitive measuring insirumenl
thal
requires a careful handling.
Always protect the exposure meter against
sudden jolts
and
shocks. li is advisable lo
use lhe exposure meter wilhoul
laking il out
of ils case.

Prior to using
lhe
exposure meter, check
lhe measurer poinler
posilion and
for
zero
adjust il, if necessary. For lhis purpose lake
lhe exposure meler out of lhe case and lurn
lhe zero adjuslment
screw on ihe underside
to bring lhe measurer pointer
lo
zero, lhe
meler
window
being
lighlly
covered
with
some opaque maleriaL
When
using the exposure
meter under hol
climale
condilions, one should bear in mind
lhat at a femperature
above *50'C
the pholocell may get out of order.
See lhal
pointer
lhe
should
gef
never
beyond
the
measurer scale
with lhe range
swilch knob pu I led outwards.
It is advisable lo keep lhe exposure meler
in ils case.
Protect
lhe
exposure
meter
and its opal
glass against dusl, dirt and moisture.
In case lhe
opa I g lass or meler
window
glass becomes dirty,
genlly with a
wipe
il
clean soft clolh.
The
exposure
mefer
may
repaired
be
al
special workshops only.

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