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FluidPowerSymbols

FLUID POWER GRAPHIC SYMBOLS


ANSI Y32.10 GRAPHIC SYMBOLS
1.

Introduction

1.2

1.1

General

1.2.1
Scope This standard presents a system of
graphicsymbolsforfluidpowerdiagrams.

Fluid powersystems arethose thattransmit and control


powerthroughuseofapressurizedfluid(liquidorgas)
withinanenclosedcircuit.
Types of symbols commonly used in drawing circuit
diagramsforfluidpowersystemsarePictorial,Cutaway,
andGraphic. These symbols arefullyexplainedin the
USAStandardDraftingManual(Ref.2).
1.1.1Pictorial symbols are very useful for showing the
interconnection of components. They are difficult to
standardizefromafunctionalbasis.
1.1.2
Cutawaysymbolsemphasizeconstruction.These
symbols arecomplexto draw andthe functions arenot
readilyapparent.
1.1.3
Graphic symbols emphasize the function and
methodsofoperationofcomponents.Thesesymbolsare
simple to draw. Component functions and methods of
operationareobvious. Graphicsymbols arecapableof
crossinglanguagebarriers, andcanpromoteauniversal
understandingoffluidpowersystems.
Graphicsymbolsforfluidpowersystemsshouldbeused
inconjunctionwiththegraphicsymbolsforothersystems
published by the USA Standards Institute (Ref. 37
inclusive).
1.1.3.1 Completegraphicsymbolsarethose,whichgive
symbolicrepresentationofthecomponent andall ofits
featurespertinenttothecircuitdiagram.
1.1.3.2 Simplifiedgraphicsymbolsarestylizedversions
ofthecompletesymbols.
1.1.1.3 Composite graphicsymbols areanorganization
ofsimplifiedorcompletesymbols. Compositesymbols
usuallyrepresentacomplexcomponent.

1.2.1.1

ScopeandPurpose

Elementaryformsofsymbolsare:

Circles Rectangles

Arcs

Dots

Squares Triangles

Arrows Crosses

Symbolsusingwordsortheirabbreviationsareavoided.
Symbols capable of crossing language barriers are
presentedherein.
Component function rather than construction is
emphasizedbythesymbol.
1.2.1.4 Themeansofoperatingfluidpowercomponents
areshownaspartofthesymbol(whereapplicable).
1.2.1.5 Thisstandardshowsthebasicsymbols,describes
the principles on which the symbols are based, and
illustrates some representative composite symbols.
Composite symbols can be devised for any fluid power
componentbycombiningbasicsymbols.
Simplified symbols are shown for commonly used
components.
1.2.1.6 This standard provides basic symbols, which
differentiatebetweenhydraulicandpneumaticfluidpower
media.
1.2.2

Purpose

1.2.2.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide a


systemoffluidpowergraphicsymbolsforindustrialand
educationalpurposes.
1.2.2.2 The purpose of this standard is to simplify
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FluidPowerSymbols
design, fabrication, analysis, and service of fluid power
circuits.
1.2.2.3 Thepurposeofthisstandardistoprovidefluid
power graphic symbols, which are internationally
recognized.
1.2.2.4 The purpose of this standard is to promote
universalunderstandingoffluidpowersystems.

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FluidPowerSymbols

2.

Symbol Rules

2.1
Symbols show connections, flow paths, and
functionsofcomponentsrepresented. Theycanindicate
conditionsoccurringduringtransitionfromonflowpath
arrangement to another. Symbols do not indicate
construction,nordotheyindicatevalues,suchaspressure,
flowrate,andothercomponentsettings.

2.5.1

CircleandSemiCircle

2.5.1.1

Largeandsmallcirclesmaybeusedtosignify
thatonecomponentisthemainandtheother
theauxiliary.

2.5.2

Triangle

2.5.3

Arrow

2.5.4

Square

2.2
Symbols do not indicate locations of ports,
directionofshiftingspools,orpositions ofactuatorson
actualcomponents.
2.3
Symbols may be rotated or reversed without
alteringtheirmeaningexceptinthecasesof:a.)Linesto
Reservoir, 4.1.1; b.) Vented Manifold, 4.1.2.3; c.)
Accumulator,4.2.
2.4

LineTechnique

Keeplinewidthsapproximatelyequal. Linewidthdoes
notaltermeaningofsymbols.
2.4.1

SolidLineMain

2.4.2

DashLinePilot
(Pilotlineforcontrol)

2.4.3

Rectangle

DottedLine
(ExhaustorDrainLine)

2.4.4

CenterLine
(EnclosureOutline)

2.4.5

SensingLineSameaslinewhichitconnects.

2.4.6

Lines Crossing (The intersection is not


necessarilyata90angle.)

or
2.4.7

LinesJoining
or

2.6
Letter combinations used as parts of graphic
symbolsarenotnecessarilyabbreviations.
2.7
Inmultipleenvelopesymbols,theflowcondition
shownnearestanactuatorsymboltakesplacewhenthat
controliscausedorpermittedtoactuate.
2.8
Eachsymbolisdrawntoshownormal,atrest,or
neutralconditionofcomponentunlessmultiplediagrams
are furnish shown various phases of circuit operation.
Show an actuator symbol for each flow path condition
possessedbythecomponent.
2.9
Anarrowthroughasymbolatapproximately45
degrees indicates that the component can be adjust or
varied.

2.5
Basicsymbols.Maybeshownanysuitablesize.
Sizemaybevariedforemphasisorclarity.Relativesizes
shouldbemaintained.(Asinthefollowingexample.)

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FluidPowerSymbols
2.10
Anarrowparalleltotheshortsideofasymbol,
within the symbol, indicates that the component is
pressurecompensated.

2.11
A line terminating in a dot to represent a
thermometeristhesymbolfortemperaturecauseoreffect

SeeTemperatureControls7.9.Temperatureindicatorsand
Recorders 9.1.2 and Temperature Compensation 10.16.3
and10.16.4.

3.6

Line,Pneumatic(OutlettoAtmosphere).

3.61.1

Plainorifice,unconnectable

3.6.2

Connectableorifice(e.g.Thread)

3.7

LinewithFixedRestriction

3.8

Line,Flexible

3.9

Station,Testing,measurement,orpowertakeoff.

3.9.1

Pluggedport.

3.9.2

QuickDisconnect

3.9.3

WithoutChecks

2.12
External ports are located where flow lines
connect to basic symbol, except where component
enclosuresymbolisused.
Externalportsarelocatedatintersectionsofflowlinesand
componentenclosuresymbolwhenenclosureisused,see
Section11.
2.13
Rotatingshaftsaresymbolizedbyanarrowwhich
indicatesdirectionofrotation(assumearrowonnearside
ofshaft).

3.

Conductor, Fluid

3.1 Line,Working(main)
3.2 Line,Pilot(forcontrol)
3.3 Line,ExhaustandLiquidDrain
3.4
Line, sensing,etc.suchas gaugelinesshall be
drawnthesameasthelinetowhichitconnects.
3.5 FlowDirectionof
3.5.1

Pneumatic

3.5.2

Hydraulic

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CONNECTED

3.9.4

WithTwoChecks

DISCONNECTED

FluidPowerSymbols

CONNECTED

3.9.5

WithOneCheck
CONNECTED

3.11

DISCONNECTED

4.1.2.1

BelowFluidLevel

4.1.2.2 AboveFluidLevel
DISCONNECTED
(Thereturnlineisdrawntoterminateattheuprightlegsof
thetanksymbol.)

RotatingCoupling

4.1.2.3 VentedManifold

4.

Energy Storage and Fluid Storage

4.1

Reservoir
VENTED

PRESSURIZED

4.2

Accumulator

Note: Reservoirs are conventionally drawn in the


horizontalplane.Alllinesenterandleavefromabove.
4.1.1

Reservoir with Connecting Lines Above Fluid


Level

4.2.1

Accumulator,SpringLoaded

4.2.2

Accumulator,GasCharged

4.2.3

Accumulator,Weighted

BelowFluidLevel

Showlineenteringorleavingbelowreservoironlywhen
suchbottomconnectionisessentialtocircuitfunction.
4.1.2

Simplifiedsymbol

Thesymbolsareusedaspartofacompletecircuit.They
areanalogoustothegroundsymbolofelectricaldiagrams.
.Severalsuchsymbols maybeusedinone
diagramtorepresentthesamereservoir.

4.3

Receiver

4.4
etc.)

EnergySource(Pump,Compressor,Accumulator,

Thissymbolmaybeusedtorepresentafluidpowersource
whichmaybeapump,compressor,oranotherassociated
system.
HYDRAULIC

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PNEUMATIC

FluidPowerSymbols
SimplifiedSymbol
Example:

5.

Fluid Conditioners

Devices,whichcontrolthephysicalcharacteristicsofthe
fluid.

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FluidPowerSymbols
5.1

HeatExchanger

5.1.1

Heater

Insidetriangles
indicatethe
introductionofheat.

5.1.2

Outsidetriangles
showtheheating
mediumisliquid.

Outsidetriangles
showtheheating
mediumisgaseous.

5.4

FilterSeparator

5.4.1

WithManualDrain

5.4.2

WithAutomaticDrain

5.5

Desiccator(ChemicalDryer)

5.6

Lubricator

5.6.1

LessDrain

5.6.2

WithManualDrain

6.

Linear Devices

6.1

Cylinders,HydraulicandPneumatic

6.1.1

SingleActing

6.1.2

DoubleActing

Cooler

or
Insidetrianglesindicateheatdissipation.

or
(Cornersmaybefilledintorepresenttriangles.)
5.1.3
TemperatureController(Thetemperatureistobe
maintainedbetweentwopredeterminedlimits.)

or

5.2

FilterStrainer

5.3

Separator

5.3.1

WithManualDrain

5.3.2

WithAutomaticDrain

6.1.2.1 SingleEndRod

6.1.2.2 DoubleEndRod

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FluidPowerSymbols
6.1.2.3 FixedCushion,AdvanceandRetract

7.2.1

PushButton

7.2.2

Lever

7.2.3

PedalorTreadle

7.3

Mechanical

7.4

Detent

6.1.2.4 AdjustableCushion,AdvanceOnly

6.1.2.5 Use these symbols when diameter of rod


compared to diameter of bore is significant to
circuitfunction.

NONCUSHION

6.2

6.3

CUSHION,ADVANCEAND
RETRACT

PressureIntensifier

ServoPositioner(Simplified)

Hydraulic
6.4

Pneumatic

DiscretePositioner

(Show a notch for each detent in the actual component


beingsymbolized.Ashortlineindicateswhichdetentis
inuse.) Detentmay,forconvenience,bepositionedon
eitherendofsymbol.
7.5

PressureCompensated

7.6

Electrical

7.6.1

Solenoid(SingleWinding)

7.6.2

ReversingMotor

Combinetwoormorebasiccylindersymbols.

7.

Actuators and Controls

7.1

Spring

7.2

Manual

(Use as general symbol without indication of specific


type;i.e.,foot,hand,leg,arm.)
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M
7.7

PilotPressure

7.7.1

RemoteSupply

FluidPowerSymbols

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FluidPowerSymbols
7.7.2

InternalSupply
7.9
Thermal A mechanical device responding to
thermalchange.

7.7.3

ActuationbyReleasedPressure

ByRemoteExhaust ByInternalReturn

7.7.4

7.9.1

LocalSensing

7.9.2

WithBulbforRemoteSensing

PilotControlled,SpringCentered
7.10

Servo

SimplifiedSymbol

CompleteSymbol
7.7.5

(This symbol contains representation for energy input,


commandinput,andresultantoutput.)
7.11

PilotDifferential

CompositeActuators(and,or,and/or)

Basic..Onesignalonlycausesthe
devicetooperate
SimplifiedSymbol
7.8

SolenoidPilot

7.8.1

SolenoidorPilot

CompleteSymbol

And.;Onesignalandasecond
signalbothcausethe
devicetooperate.

ExternalPilotSupply
Or..Onesignalortheothersignal
causesthedevicetooperate.
InternalPilotSupplyandExhaust

7.8.2

SolenoidandPilot

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And/Or..Thesolenoidandthepilot
orthemanualoverridealone
causesthedevicetooperate.

FluidPowerSymbols

Thesolenoidandthepilot
Thesolenoidandthepilot
orthemanualoverride
oramanualoverrideand
andthepilot
thepilotoramanual
overridealone.

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FluidPowerSymbols

8.

Rotary Devices

8.1

BasicSymbol
8.2.3

VariableDisplacement,PressureCompensated

8.2.3.1 Unidirectional

8.1.1

WithPorts

8.1.2

WithRotatingShaft,withcontrolandwithDrain

Simplified

Complete

8.2.3.2 Bidirectional

8.2

HydraulicPump

8.2.1

FixedDisplacement

8.2.1.1

Unidirectional

Simplified
8.3

HydraulicMotor

8.3.1

FixedDisplacement

Complete

8.2.1.2 Bidirectional
8.3.1.2 Bidirectional

8.2.2

VariableDisplacement,Noncompensated

8.2.2.1 Unidirectional

8.3.2

VariableDisplacement

8.3.2.1 Unidirectional

Simplified

Complete

8.2.2.2 Bidirectional

8.3.2.2 Bidirectional

8.4
Simplified
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Complete

PumpMotor,Hydraulic

8.4.1 Operatinginonedirectionasapump. Operating


intheotherdirectionasamotor.

FluidPowerSymbols
8.4.1.1 CompleteSymbol

8.6

Motor,Pneumatic

8.6.1

Unidirectional

8.4.1.2 SimplifiedSymbol

8.4.2
Operatingonedirectionofflowaseitherapump
orasamotor.
8.4.2.1 CompleteSymbol

8.6.2

Bidirectional

8.7

Oscillator

8.7.1

Hydraulic

8.7.2

Pneumatic

8.8

Motors,Engines

8.8.1

ElectricMotor

8.4.2.2 SimplifiedSymbol

8.4.3
Operatinginbothdirectionsoffloweitherasa
pumporasamotor.(Variabledisplacement,pressure
compensatedshown.)
8.4.3.1 CompleteSymbol

8.4.3.2 SimplifiedSymbol

8.5

PumpPneumatic

8.5.1

Compressor,FixedDisplacement

8.5.2

VacuumPump,FixedDisplacement

IEC

8.8.2

HeatEngine(E.G.internalcombustionengine.)

9.

Instruments and Accessories

9.1

IndicatingandRecording

9.1.1

Pressure

9.1.2

Temperature

9.1.3

FlowMeter

9.1.3.1 FlowRate

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FluidPowerSymbols

9.1.3.2 Totalizing

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FluidPowerSymbols
9.2

Sensing

9.2.1

Venturi

9.2.2

OrificePlate

9.2.3

9.2.4

10.4

Envelopes

105

Ports

10.6

Ports,InternallyBlocked

PitotTube

Nozzle

Hydraulic
9.3

Accessories

9.3.1

PressureSwitch

9.3.2

Muffler

10.

10.3
Multiple envelope valves capable of infinite
positioning between certain limits are symbolized as in
10.2abovewiththeadditionofhorizontalbars,whichare
drawnparalleltotheenvelope.Thehorizontalbarsarethe
cluestotheinfinitepositioningfunctionpossessedbythe
valverepresented.

Pneumatic

Valves

A basic valve symbol is composed of one or more


envelopeswithlinesinsidetheenvelopetorepresentflow
pathsandflowconditionersbetweenports.Threesymbol
systemsareusedtorepresentvalvetypes:singleenvelope,
bothfiniteandinfiniteposition;multipleenvelope,finite
position;andmultipleenvelope,infiniteposition.
10.1
In infinite position single envelope valves, the
envelopeisimaginedtomovetoillustratehowpressureor
flowconditionsarecontrolledasthevalveisactuated.
10.2
Multiple envelopes symbolize valves providing
morethanonefiniteflowpathoptionforthefluid. The
multiple envelope moves to represent how flow paths
changewhenthevalvingelementwithinthecomponentis
shiftedtoitsfinitepositions.

SymbolSystem10.1

SymbolSystem10.2

10.7 FlowPaths,InternallyOpen(SymbolSystem10.1
and10.2)

Symbol

Symbol

System

System

10.1

10.2

10.8

FlowPaths,InternallyOpen(SymbolSystem10.3)

10.9

TwoWayValves(2PortedValves)

10.9.1 OnOff(ManualShutOff)
Simplified

Off

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FluidPowerSymbols

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FluidPowerSymbols
On

10.92

10.10

ThreeWayValves

10.10.1

TwoPosition

10.10.1.1 NormallyOpen

Check

Simplified

CompositeSymbol.Flowtotherightisblocked.Flowto
theleftispermitted.

10.10.1.2 NormallyClosed

10.10.1.3 (Distributor Pressure is distributed first to one


port,thentheother).

10.93

Check,PilotOperatedtoOpen
10.10.1.4 TwoPressure

10.94

Check,PilotOperatedtoClose

10.9.5

TwoWayValves

10.10.2 DoubleCheckValveDoublecheckvalvescan
bebuiltwithandwithoutcrossbleed.Suchvalveswith
twopoppetsdonotusuallyallowpressuretomomentarily
crossbleedtoreturnduringtransition.Valveswithone
poppet may allow cross bleed as these symbols
illustrate.

10.9.5.1 TwoPosition

NormallyClosed

NormallyOpen

10.10.2.1 WithoutCrossBleed(Onewayflow).

10.9.5.2 InfinitePosition

10.10.2.2 WithCrossBleed(Reverseflowpermitted).
NormallyClosed

NormallyClosed

NormallyOpen

NormallyOpen

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FluidPowerSymbols
10.11

FourWayValves

10.11.1 TwoPosition
TypicalTransitionSymbol

Normal

Actuated

10.11.2 ThreePosition
(a) Normal

(b) ActuatedLeft

10.12

InfinitePositioning(betweenopenandclosed)

10.12.1

NormallyClosed

10.12.2

NormallyOpen

10.13

PressureControlValves

10.13.1

PressureRelief

(c) ActuatedRight

10.11.3 Typical Flow Paths for Center Condition of


ThreePositionValves

SimplifiedSymbol
Denotes

Normal

10.11.4 TwoPosition,SnapActionwithTransition.
Asthevalveelementshiftsfromonepositiontotheother,
itpassesthroughanintermediateposition.Ifitisessential
tocircuitfunctiontosymbolizethisintransitcondition,
itcanbeshowninthecenterposition,enclosedbydashed
lines.

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Actuated
(Relieving)

10.13.2

Sequence

FluidPowerSymbols
10.13.3 PressureReducing

10.13.4 PressureReducingandRelieving
10.16.2

Flowiscontrolledto
theright.Flowtothe
leftbypassescontrol.

10.13.5 Airline Pressure Regulator (Adjustable,


Relieving)
10.16.3
Bypass

10.14

AdjustablewithBypass

Adjustable and Pressure Compensated with

InfinitePositioningThreeWayValves

10.16.4 Adjustable, Temperature and Pressure


Compensated

10.15

10.16

InfinitePositioningFourWayValves

FlowControlValves(See3.7)

10.16.1 Adjustable, NonCompensated (Flow control in


eachdirection)

11.

Representative Composite Symbols

11.1

ComponentEnclosure

Componentenclosuremaysurroundacompletesymbolor
agroupofsymbolstorepresentanassembly.Itisusedto
convey more information about component connections
and functions. Enclosure indicates extremity of
componentorassembly.Externalportsareassumedtobe
onenclosurelineandindicateconnectionstocomponent.
Flowlinesshallcrossenclosurelinewithoutloopsordots.
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FluidPowerSymbols
11.2
Airline Accessories (Filter, Regulator and
Lubricator)
Composite

Simplified

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FluidPowerSymbols
11.3

PumpsandMotors

11.3.1

Pumps

11.3.1.1 Double,FixedDisplacement,OneInletandTwo
Outlets.

11.3.1.4 Variable Displacement with Integral


ReplenishingPumpandControlValves

11.3.1.2 Double,withIntegralCheckUnloadingandTwo
Outlets

11.3.1.3 Integral Variable Flow Rate Control with


OverloadRelief

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FluidPowerSymbols

11.4.6

TwoPositions,FourConnectionSolenoid,andPilotActuated,withManualPilotOverride.

SimplifiedSymbol

CompleteSymbol

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FluidPowerSymbols
11.4

Valves

11.4.1

Relief,BalancedType
11.4.4

PressureReducingwithIntegralCheck.

11.4.5

PilotOperatedCheck

11.4.5.1 DifferentialPilotOpened.

11.4.2

RemoteOperatedSequencewithIntegralCheck

11.4.5.2

11.4.3 Remote and Direct Operated Sequence with


DifferentialareasandIntegralCheck.

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FluidPowerSymbols

11.4.7

TwoPosition,FiveConnection,SolenoidControlPilotActuatedwithDetentsandThrottleExhaust.

SimplifiedSymbol

CompleteSymbol
11.4.8

VariablePressureCompensatedFlowControlandOverloadRelief.

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