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HERITAGE

AND
CULTURAL TOURISM
MANAGEMENT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysing growth and development of UK heritage and cultural
industry ...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Potential conflicts occur in the conservation of heritage and cultural
resources ............................................................................................................................... 4
TASK 2 ..........................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attraction in meeting needs of
different customers ............................................................................................................5
TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Evaluating the impact of different types of ownership on management
of heritage and cultural sites ......................................................................................... 8
3.2 Analyse roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and
cultural industry .................................................................................................................. 9
TASK 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Evaluating methods and media used for interpretation within the
heritage and cultural industry for tourists............................................................... 10
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................ 13

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INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism industry plays a crucial role in today's competitive
environment in order to protect the natural beauty of the country. This
industry has helped many nations in improving their economic condition in a
proper and effective manner. Further, heritage tourism is considered as a
branch of tourism which is oriented towards the cultural heritage at a
location where tourism occurs (George, 2010). On the other hand, cultural
tourism is generally concerned with the region or culture which specifies the
lifestyle of the individuals living in that particular geographical area. Further,
it is also a type of tourism which is conducted by people in order to improve
their knowledge and also to understand the different cultures followed by the
resident of different countries. In relation to this, both the tourism play a
significant role in terms of rising the economic condition of that particular
area.
In relation to above mentioned topic, this present report will be
prepared by considering different case scenarios given in the question file.
Further, in relation to the given context, this report will give elaborated
description regarding the growth and development of UK heritage and
cultural industry. This report will also emphasize on the purpose of heritage
and cultural tourism for attracting and meeting the needs and demands of
travellers. Moreover, report will also depict different roles and responsibilities
of the organizations which are running within heritage and cultural industry.

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TASK 1
1.1 Analysing growth and development of UK heritage and cultural industry
Currently, London is being counted among the city which attracts
millions of visitors from around the world. In relation to this, it can state that
Victoria & Albert Museum, Buckingham Palace and British Museum is the
major attraction points for tourists within the city who comes for travelling.
Hence, it can be stated that there are various historical development which
are considered in the travel and tourism industry of London. This is
significantly increasing the goodwill for the particular country and revenue as
well.
Further, heritage and cultural of UK plays a significant role in terms of
improving the economic condition of country (Hamilton, 2008). Moreover,
government of UK is also taking some relative steps in order to conserve and
protect the natural and heritage sites of country. Although, if it is not done
by the local body, then country will not be able to attract more visitors from
around the globe and natural integrity of the country will be not be properly
depicted. However,

growth and development of culture and heritage

industry in UK is not new as it has been continued from past years and below
given is the time line growth and development of UK culture and heritage
industry:

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Year

Event Name

Description of the same


1940 is the time where first national body is
been developed to protect and provide
genuine support to the UK museums, historic
monuments, arts and libraries of the country.
Further, in the initial year only UK government

1940

1946

CEMA- Council for the


Encouragement of Music
and the Arts

has taken an initiative in regard of making a


separate fund for protecting the cultural as
well as national heritage of nation.

Art Council of Great Britain In the mentioned year, a council was prepared
for encouraging the art and music within the
country. Therefore, in relation to it, Art council
of Great Britain is the first agency which was
used the government fund in relation to
promoting the heritage as well as culture of
the country.

1990

National Lottery

This scheme has generally opened a source of


generating the income for the cultural and
heritage industry. Further, this method was
treated as a major area of development in the
context of growth and development of
heritage and cultural industry.

1997

DCMS- Department of

This department plays a crucial role to

Culture, Media and Sports

promote the talent of individuals who are the


citizens of UK. Further, this agency is having
all the key responsibilities for arranging all the
cultural and sports events which will outsource
the talent of individuals.

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Moreover, currently there are other factors as well which are playing
crucial role in terms of facilitating the travel and tourism growth in UK. Some
detailed explanation about the assessed factors have been depicted down
under:
Infrastructure: The infrastructure of UK and especially of cities like
London is highly developed. In relation to the same, it has been
evaluated that London has facilities and services for all the income
class customers (Leask and Rihova, 2010). Further, there are also
different means of transport which provide convenience to the
travellers for reaching to the desired destination. In order to promote
the

culture

and

heritage,

government

is

also

taking

major

responsibility of making effective road and rail transport which will play
a significant role in future as well.
Technology: UK is treated as a hub of latest and modern technology
and government of the mentioned country constantly makes efforts to
improve the technological environment of UK. Cities like London has
highly developed and there are many individuals who come from
different countries to seek job opportunities. This will be proved as the
beneficial aspect for travel and tourism companies which are operating
within city (Lomine and Edmunds, 2007). Further, with the use of high
tech internet technology, these firms can attract many travellers
towards the country and due to this, positive impact will be seen upon
the economy of country.
1.2 Potential conflicts occur in the conservation of heritage and cultural
resources
Potential conflicts which happen in the process of conserving the
heritage and culture resource of the nation are been identified. In the
context of this, case study of Tibet is given which shows that country is
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facing with the number of conflicts and government of cited nation has to
take relative steps in order to stop these conflicts (Mckercher and Cros,
2012).
As per the case study, Tibet is treated as a roof of the world and it is
also a worldwide tourist destination which offers travellers a combination of
mind blowing monasteries, high altitude treks and also a unique intangible
culture. This country is also a home of various religious temples. In addition
to this, Lhasa is the capital of Tibet and this city is the most visited place of
the country as more than 10 million travellers come around the globe which
include both domestic and international visitors.
By evaluating the case study, potential conflicts has been identified
which is happening in the capital of Tibet naming Lhasa. It has been
identified that the biggest conflict is happening between the Chinese
government and the inhabitants residing in the Tibet. Further, government of
China is been considered as a potential of the Tibet which focuses on
maintaining large number of tourists within the country (Balmer, 2013).
Further, the local body of China is also taking some major decisions in regard
of promoting and establishing some large scale projects within the country.
Currently, government is focusing on renovating the Barkhor old town district
which is situated outside sacred Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Moreover,
government is also planning to construct a theme park in the outskirts of
Lhasa with an investment of almost $4.8 billions which will attract many
visitors

in

coming

time

period.

Further,

group

of

hotels

named

InterContinental Hotel Group (IHG) is also designing a plan to make a hotel


with almost 1100 rooms and this hotel after the construction will be the
biggest luxury hotel in Lhasa (Shipley and Kovacs, 2008).

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On the contrary, these projects has lead towards development of many


conflicts within the city as UK with an aim to boycott these projects London
based free Tibet has launched the campaign for the purpose to show their
residence towards the given campaign. This conflict is arising because the
individuals who are leaving in Lhasa are concerned of the culture and
environment of particular city (Boniface and Cooper, 2009). These citizens
knows that the construction will destroy and make a huge impact on the
traditional architecture of the city and due to this USP of the country will be
influenced. Further, construction will also lead towards the marginalization of
heritage importance and from all the above facts and it is considered that
due to this conflicting situations arising within the city.
My view point for the particular situation is slightly contrary and will
support both the conditions. I agree that with so much construction work will
take place in coming half a decade or so which will surely impact the cultural
and heritage of Lhasa as well as the environment (Cardoso and Ferreira,
2000). But on the other side, if I see the other perspective, then it leads to
render some good things for the city. As after getting the permission from
the government, unemployment problem relating to the country will be
solved and more and more people will get the employment in different fields
and after the construction, for instance for hotel, it will give more
employment in different department of the hospitality and these employees
can survive their daily life with a set income. With the help of it, the living
standard of the individual will also be raised and people will be more
standard as compared to earlier time.

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TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attraction in meeting needs of different
customers
Heritage and culture attraction having different purpose and they
generally possess some unique elements which attracts a large number of
tourists towards it. Along with it, this heritage and culture attraction plays a
crucial role in meeting the needs and demands of different types of travelers
who come to visit from around the globe (Grimwade and Carter, 2000). For
the mentioned topic, two unique and popular destinations of UK have been
considered and the detailed description of the mentioned topic have been
studied down under:
British Museum
British Museum is a museum which is generally dedicated to the
human history, art and culture and the mentioned museum is located in the
hearts of the London city. This museum consists of more than 8 million
objects collection which depicts and illustrates the story of human existence
from the beginning to the current time. Further, this museum was
established in 1753 and it consists of huge collection of physician and
scientists named as Sir Hans Sloans. Moreover, the museum having lists of
unique collection which comprises Granite statue of Senwosret III, Stela of
King Peribsen, Abydos, Statue of Nenkheftka from Deshasha, Statue of the
Nile god Hapy, Mummy of Ginger from Gebelein and many others. Further,
this museum also has a national library which exists in the same building.
Further, the mentioned museum is a non- department public body which is
sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

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Illustration 1: British Museum


Further, in relation to the given context, it is considered as museum
helping in fulfilling the needs and demands of the different visitors. These
customers include families, children, students, scientists, etc. For researcher,
this museum helps them in finding new area for making specific research
(Hamilton, 2008). For students those who are from the arts and literature
field, this museum will help them to have a depth knowledge regarding the
heritage history of the UK. Moreover, this museum also fulfilling the needs
and demands of the families as parents wants their children that

they

should know more about their country history. Further, at the weekend or for
travellers who are coming from outside UK are coming for the entertainment
as well. By spending hours in this museum they come to know the hidden
secret about the UK in a whole elaborated manner (Lomine and Edmunds,
2007). By considering the overall observations, it is concluded that this
museum is satisfying the needs and demands of visitors in an effective and
efficient manner.
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Natural History Museum


Natural History Museum is treated as most prestigious museum in
London due to its natural beauty which exhibits the different segments of the
natural history. Further, this museum is considered as home to life and earth
and includes more than 80 million items in different collection fields (Mitsche
and et.al., 2013). These collections are divided in the categories of botany,
mineralogy, zoology, entomology and palaeontology. Moreover, this museum
is also a world renounced centre for research in taxonomy. Although this
museum is majorly famous for the exhibition of dinosaur skeletons which are
placed in the central hall of the museum. Fuyrther, this museum was
established in the year 1881 and the visitors who are coming to the museum
do not have to pay any type of admission or sort of entrance fee. Moreover,
there are different types of gallerias which shows the description of different
collections like blue zone gives description about all animals and mammals
like dinosaurs, fish, etc (Page and Connell, 2006).

Illustration 2: Natural History Museum

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This museum also accomplish the needs and demands of different


visitors. For instance, students visits to museum with a purpose of improving
the knowledge regarding the natural history of the country where they reside.
In the similar way, families with children visit to museum for
entertainment and extending knowledge of their children for enhancement
purpose (Riege and Perry, 2000). In addition to this, scholar visit such
museum with an aim to get the idea for conducting the further research
upon the particular topic. Thus, through this way only museum tends to
satisfy the needs and demands of different buyers in an appropriate way.

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TASK 3
3.1 Evaluating the impact of different types of ownership on management of
heritage and cultural sites
There consists of different types of ownership which playing an
effective role in terms of managing cultural and heritage sites of the nation.
However, these cultural and heritages sites generally remains in the
ownership of government and other non- profit sectors (Boniface and Cooper,
2009). Further, this topic will show the detailed explanation regarding how
ownership gets depicted:
Private ownership: Private ownership is a type of ownership where
all the crucial decision regarding the nation is being taken by the
private firms or entities. The main objectives of these firms is to
provide best of the experience to the visitors. Moreover, these given
organization works upon the objective, that is to increase the sales and
profits of all the firms which are linked or associated with the travel
and tourism industry (Sharpley, 2003). In relation to it, the firms also
play an important role in attracting large number of tourist within the
country from different promotional sources. For instance, The Historic
House Association (HHA) is private firm which protects and keeps clean
different type of cultural and heritage places of country such as
gardens, castles and houses etc
Public ownership: Public ownership is owned and controlled by the
government the nation and the core objective of these firms is to
extend the number of foreigners as well as domestic visitors within the
country. Further, these firm also have the objective with regard in
order to conserve the natural and culture heritage of the country.
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From this, it has been concluded that these organizations not only
make measures with regard to protect the cultural heritage of country
but also plays a significant role in terms of promoting the historic
tourist destination (Harrison, 2006). It consists of English Heritage and
Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) etc. Here, Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF)
provides funds for maintaining and protecting the heritage and historic
architecture of the country.
Political: Under this, government is in the core control to protect the
heritage properties and these local bodies undertake different types of
projects on regular basis in order to strengthen the historic value of the
country. Further, if government feeling some problem in framing
effective policies then they can take some expertise from other
countries experts as they might have proper project planning and
management.
Collaboration: Collaboration is generally happens when government
and private bodies have joined hands in making and prevailing the
heritage secure. Further, these organizations have come up together
to improve the culture and heritage to a particular place (Lomine and
Edmunds, 2007). Further, these ventures take many rehabilitation
projects which generally shows the high level of cooperation at
different stages.
3.2 Analyse roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and
cultural industry
The responsibilities of organizations relates within the heritage and
cultural industry are generally relates with conservation, maintenance and
management. These organizations usually plays a crucial role in promoting
the tourism sector within country. Further, it also provides many benefits to
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the local as well as to the national economy of the country. The roles and
responsibilities can be defined in the following manner:
National Trust A national trust is a type of organization which is
dedicated for prevailing and securing the cultural heritage of a
particular locality or geographical region (Samuel and Agyei, 2006).
Their main role is to ensure the preservation of historically significant
items along with the conserving the natural beauty of the country
(Moulin, 2000). Further, these organizations are also responsible for
protecting the environmental and cultural treasures of a peculiar area.
Moreover, the archaeological monuments and historical things are
conserved in efficient and effective manner. Further, this National
Trust generally works at the national level and is majorly responsible
for promoting the cultural heritage and tourism at global level.
English Heritage English Heritage is considered as a registered
charity trust that generally looks after the National Heritage Collection
of the nation. This trust usually comprises more than 400 historic
buildings, monuments, etc. Further, it is a type of public organization
of British Government which works for the security of the natural
environment of England. Moreover, the major emphasis is paid on
ensuring the safety to ancient monuments and also planning of
different promotional messages so that visitors are attracted towards it.
It is also evident that English Heritage is very renowned and highly
acclaimed heritage across the world (Timothy, 2011). Stonehenge in
England is one of the most famous sites which is a part of the English
Heritage only. Mentioned organization takes all the fund from the UK
government and give their effective contribution in order to increase
the natural beauty of the country.

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Heritage Lottery Fund- Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) was established


in UK under the National Lottery etc. Act 1993 and the mentioned fund
came into force in 1994. They make major decisions as well as policies
regarding the security and safety of different cultural and heritage
monuments and places. Apart from England, there are various decision
making committees who are giving their services in Scotland, Wales as
well as in Northern Ireland (Barr and Herv, 2002). Further, HLF is
responsible for

raising money from the National Lottery and also

promotes the development of communities and people whole over UK.


Moreover, this fund also helps in developing a resilient heritage
economy. However, the investment is also done in order to protect the
different type of heritages in UK and also to increase the rate of
tourism in the mentioned country.
Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS)- DCMS is the
department of UK who having responsibility for promoting the culture,
media and sport within the country. However, media majorly focuses
on

broadcasting

and

internet.

Mentioned

department

having

responsibility towards the tourism, leisure as well as creative industries.


Further, the DCMS was also responsible for the delivery of 2012
Olympic games along with the Paralymic games and also for the
building of the digital economy within the country (Timothy, 2011).
Other responsibilities of the department is towards the listing of the
historic buildings and also for arranging the scheduling of the ancient
monuments, different exporting license of cultural goods and also
towards the management of Government Art Collection (GAC).

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TASK 4
4.1 Evaluating methods and media used for interpretation within the
heritage and cultural industry for tourists
While visiting to any museum or heritage sites, it is essential to
interpret the actual information about the places and things. Also, it is
essential for spreading awareness related to cultural and historical sites
which aids in gaining support to safeguard the same. In this context,
different sort of media and methods are used by organizations so that they
can understand the meaning of varied things (Weiler, 1999). In this,
interpretations are required at three different stage within the context of
heritage and cultural industry. These are enumerated below:
Before Arrival: At this stage, visitors can be attracted by posting
images, videos and blog post at different platform such as social media,
own websites, countrys website and other related sources (Youell,
2000). This helps in developing interest among visitors.
At the time of Arrival: Here, physical broachers and posters can be
circulated among visitors in which information of key attraction are
enclosed. It acts as a mode of communication to large set of visitors.
After the Visits: Toys, gift item, images and prototype can be
circulated or sell to visitors so that they can take memories back to
their country or places. It helps in gaining attention from other people
as well and hence inbound tourism gets increased.

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Methods and Media used at The British Museum


For the purpose of interpreting the information to visitors, following
methods and media are used at cited museum:
1. Exhibition: The museum conducts exhibition on different time interval
in which information related to different artefacts are shared with the
visitors. Here, digital display and prototype of actual articles are used
in order to ensure that better interpretation has been done.
2. Events: There are different types of events that run on daily basis
such as Eye-opener tours, Gallery talks, Around the world in 90
minutes and numerous others in which demonstration of articles is
been done by professionals.
3. Guide: In every room of the museum, there are guides ranging from 1
in number to 5 that shares information with the visitors. This
essentially helps in interpreting the information by the visitors
(Rodgers, 2001). Also, question answer round are held in order to
boost the interpretation level.
Further, the main aim behind the interpretation is to provide and
enrich visitors with a comfortable experience so that it will be easy for them
in order to understand the significance of the place where they are visiting.
The Natural History Museum has employed different methods which are
generally used to interpret and enhance their experience in the form of art
and drama, signs and labels, touch screening displays, etc. Further, from
observation point of view, tourist and travellers can go through the
exhibitions, galleries where they can spend the best quality time with their
family members or with the loved ones. National History Museum also has
restaurants where individuals can enjoy the best quality of the foods at an
affordable price. Further, visitor can take part of being a volunteer and can
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also take part in the various competition as currently mentioned museum is


conducting a wildlife photographer of the year contest.
Moreover, as Christmas is near and by considering this festival
individuals can make shopping relating to the occasion and they can also
purchase toys of different varieties. Further, people can have digital video
display of the major content relating to the criminal scene where individuals
can help the museum in order to solve the criminal mystery (Samuel and
Agyei, 2006). Further, the rising interest of public in history and archaeology
also creating an effective impact on interpretation of the heritage value.
Moreover, extending access to digital media has helped the organizations in
creating an effective impact on the growth of the industry. Therefore, by
considering all these facts and figures in films and popular sites, museum
helps in enhancing its publicity within the public which helps visitors in
effective understanding of the facts and values as well.

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CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is clearly inferred that that conversation and
preservation of heritage is important in having economic growth of the
country. Further, in the present situation, tourism is generally taking a new
phase and for this, culture and heritage are playing its crucial role. Further,
this report shows that mentioned country is able to attract visitors towards it
and this is the only reason which lead to the rise in GDP of the country. This
report also emphasis on develop different types of ownership in the tourism
sector so that better development can be attained. In this context,
partnership can be of public, private and independent charitable associations
that aids in gaining significant support for preserving the culture.

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REFERENCES
Journals and Books
Balmer, T. M.J., 2013. Corporate heritage, corporate heritage marketing,
and total corporate heritage communications: What are they? What of
them?. Corporate Communications: An International Journal.
Barr, and Herv., 2002. Heritage Policies and International Perspectives:
Cultural Tourism and Sustainable Development. Museum International.
Boniface, B.C. and Cooper, C.P. 2009. Worldwide destinations. 5th ed.
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Cardoso, C. And Ferreira, L., 2000. The effects of European economic
integration on tourism: challenges and opportunities for Portuguese
tourism development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management.
George, E., 2010. Intangible cultural heritage, ownership, copyrights, and
tourism.

International

Journal

of

Culture,

Tourism

and

Hospitality

Research.
Grimwade, G. and Carter, B., 2000. Managing small heritage sites with
interpretation and Community involvement. International journal of
heritage studies.
Online
Natural History Museum, London. 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London>.
The British Museum's top five masterpieces. 2015. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10573788/TheBritish-Museums-top-five-masterpieces.html>.
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