Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND
CULTURAL TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysing growth and development of UK heritage and cultural
industry ...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Potential conflicts occur in the conservation of heritage and cultural
resources ............................................................................................................................... 4
TASK 2 ..........................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attraction in meeting needs of
different customers ............................................................................................................5
TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Evaluating the impact of different types of ownership on management
of heritage and cultural sites ......................................................................................... 8
3.2 Analyse roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and
cultural industry .................................................................................................................. 9
TASK 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Evaluating methods and media used for interpretation within the
heritage and cultural industry for tourists............................................................... 10
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................ 13
INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism industry plays a crucial role in today's competitive
environment in order to protect the natural beauty of the country. This
industry has helped many nations in improving their economic condition in a
proper and effective manner. Further, heritage tourism is considered as a
branch of tourism which is oriented towards the cultural heritage at a
location where tourism occurs (George, 2010). On the other hand, cultural
tourism is generally concerned with the region or culture which specifies the
lifestyle of the individuals living in that particular geographical area. Further,
it is also a type of tourism which is conducted by people in order to improve
their knowledge and also to understand the different cultures followed by the
resident of different countries. In relation to this, both the tourism play a
significant role in terms of rising the economic condition of that particular
area.
In relation to above mentioned topic, this present report will be
prepared by considering different case scenarios given in the question file.
Further, in relation to the given context, this report will give elaborated
description regarding the growth and development of UK heritage and
cultural industry. This report will also emphasize on the purpose of heritage
and cultural tourism for attracting and meeting the needs and demands of
travellers. Moreover, report will also depict different roles and responsibilities
of the organizations which are running within heritage and cultural industry.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysing growth and development of UK heritage and cultural industry
Currently, London is being counted among the city which attracts
millions of visitors from around the world. In relation to this, it can state that
Victoria & Albert Museum, Buckingham Palace and British Museum is the
major attraction points for tourists within the city who comes for travelling.
Hence, it can be stated that there are various historical development which
are considered in the travel and tourism industry of London. This is
significantly increasing the goodwill for the particular country and revenue as
well.
Further, heritage and cultural of UK plays a significant role in terms of
improving the economic condition of country (Hamilton, 2008). Moreover,
government of UK is also taking some relative steps in order to conserve and
protect the natural and heritage sites of country. Although, if it is not done
by the local body, then country will not be able to attract more visitors from
around the globe and natural integrity of the country will be not be properly
depicted. However,
industry in UK is not new as it has been continued from past years and below
given is the time line growth and development of UK culture and heritage
industry:
Year
Event Name
1940
1946
Art Council of Great Britain In the mentioned year, a council was prepared
for encouraging the art and music within the
country. Therefore, in relation to it, Art council
of Great Britain is the first agency which was
used the government fund in relation to
promoting the heritage as well as culture of
the country.
1990
National Lottery
1997
DCMS- Department of
Moreover, currently there are other factors as well which are playing
crucial role in terms of facilitating the travel and tourism growth in UK. Some
detailed explanation about the assessed factors have been depicted down
under:
Infrastructure: The infrastructure of UK and especially of cities like
London is highly developed. In relation to the same, it has been
evaluated that London has facilities and services for all the income
class customers (Leask and Rihova, 2010). Further, there are also
different means of transport which provide convenience to the
travellers for reaching to the desired destination. In order to promote
the
culture
and
heritage,
government
is
also
taking
major
responsibility of making effective road and rail transport which will play
a significant role in future as well.
Technology: UK is treated as a hub of latest and modern technology
and government of the mentioned country constantly makes efforts to
improve the technological environment of UK. Cities like London has
highly developed and there are many individuals who come from
different countries to seek job opportunities. This will be proved as the
beneficial aspect for travel and tourism companies which are operating
within city (Lomine and Edmunds, 2007). Further, with the use of high
tech internet technology, these firms can attract many travellers
towards the country and due to this, positive impact will be seen upon
the economy of country.
1.2 Potential conflicts occur in the conservation of heritage and cultural
resources
Potential conflicts which happen in the process of conserving the
heritage and culture resource of the nation are been identified. In the
context of this, case study of Tibet is given which shows that country is
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facing with the number of conflicts and government of cited nation has to
take relative steps in order to stop these conflicts (Mckercher and Cros,
2012).
As per the case study, Tibet is treated as a roof of the world and it is
also a worldwide tourist destination which offers travellers a combination of
mind blowing monasteries, high altitude treks and also a unique intangible
culture. This country is also a home of various religious temples. In addition
to this, Lhasa is the capital of Tibet and this city is the most visited place of
the country as more than 10 million travellers come around the globe which
include both domestic and international visitors.
By evaluating the case study, potential conflicts has been identified
which is happening in the capital of Tibet naming Lhasa. It has been
identified that the biggest conflict is happening between the Chinese
government and the inhabitants residing in the Tibet. Further, government of
China is been considered as a potential of the Tibet which focuses on
maintaining large number of tourists within the country (Balmer, 2013).
Further, the local body of China is also taking some major decisions in regard
of promoting and establishing some large scale projects within the country.
Currently, government is focusing on renovating the Barkhor old town district
which is situated outside sacred Jokhang temple in Lhasa. Moreover,
government is also planning to construct a theme park in the outskirts of
Lhasa with an investment of almost $4.8 billions which will attract many
visitors
in
coming
time
period.
Further,
group
of
hotels
named
TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attraction in meeting needs of different
customers
Heritage and culture attraction having different purpose and they
generally possess some unique elements which attracts a large number of
tourists towards it. Along with it, this heritage and culture attraction plays a
crucial role in meeting the needs and demands of different types of travelers
who come to visit from around the globe (Grimwade and Carter, 2000). For
the mentioned topic, two unique and popular destinations of UK have been
considered and the detailed description of the mentioned topic have been
studied down under:
British Museum
British Museum is a museum which is generally dedicated to the
human history, art and culture and the mentioned museum is located in the
hearts of the London city. This museum consists of more than 8 million
objects collection which depicts and illustrates the story of human existence
from the beginning to the current time. Further, this museum was
established in 1753 and it consists of huge collection of physician and
scientists named as Sir Hans Sloans. Moreover, the museum having lists of
unique collection which comprises Granite statue of Senwosret III, Stela of
King Peribsen, Abydos, Statue of Nenkheftka from Deshasha, Statue of the
Nile god Hapy, Mummy of Ginger from Gebelein and many others. Further,
this museum also has a national library which exists in the same building.
Further, the mentioned museum is a non- department public body which is
sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.
they
should know more about their country history. Further, at the weekend or for
travellers who are coming from outside UK are coming for the entertainment
as well. By spending hours in this museum they come to know the hidden
secret about the UK in a whole elaborated manner (Lomine and Edmunds,
2007). By considering the overall observations, it is concluded that this
museum is satisfying the needs and demands of visitors in an effective and
efficient manner.
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TASK 3
3.1 Evaluating the impact of different types of ownership on management of
heritage and cultural sites
There consists of different types of ownership which playing an
effective role in terms of managing cultural and heritage sites of the nation.
However, these cultural and heritages sites generally remains in the
ownership of government and other non- profit sectors (Boniface and Cooper,
2009). Further, this topic will show the detailed explanation regarding how
ownership gets depicted:
Private ownership: Private ownership is a type of ownership where
all the crucial decision regarding the nation is being taken by the
private firms or entities. The main objectives of these firms is to
provide best of the experience to the visitors. Moreover, these given
organization works upon the objective, that is to increase the sales and
profits of all the firms which are linked or associated with the travel
and tourism industry (Sharpley, 2003). In relation to it, the firms also
play an important role in attracting large number of tourist within the
country from different promotional sources. For instance, The Historic
House Association (HHA) is private firm which protects and keeps clean
different type of cultural and heritage places of country such as
gardens, castles and houses etc
Public ownership: Public ownership is owned and controlled by the
government the nation and the core objective of these firms is to
extend the number of foreigners as well as domestic visitors within the
country. Further, these firm also have the objective with regard in
order to conserve the natural and culture heritage of the country.
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From this, it has been concluded that these organizations not only
make measures with regard to protect the cultural heritage of country
but also plays a significant role in terms of promoting the historic
tourist destination (Harrison, 2006). It consists of English Heritage and
Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) etc. Here, Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF)
provides funds for maintaining and protecting the heritage and historic
architecture of the country.
Political: Under this, government is in the core control to protect the
heritage properties and these local bodies undertake different types of
projects on regular basis in order to strengthen the historic value of the
country. Further, if government feeling some problem in framing
effective policies then they can take some expertise from other
countries experts as they might have proper project planning and
management.
Collaboration: Collaboration is generally happens when government
and private bodies have joined hands in making and prevailing the
heritage secure. Further, these organizations have come up together
to improve the culture and heritage to a particular place (Lomine and
Edmunds, 2007). Further, these ventures take many rehabilitation
projects which generally shows the high level of cooperation at
different stages.
3.2 Analyse roles and responsibilities of organizations in the heritage and
cultural industry
The responsibilities of organizations relates within the heritage and
cultural industry are generally relates with conservation, maintenance and
management. These organizations usually plays a crucial role in promoting
the tourism sector within country. Further, it also provides many benefits to
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the local as well as to the national economy of the country. The roles and
responsibilities can be defined in the following manner:
National Trust A national trust is a type of organization which is
dedicated for prevailing and securing the cultural heritage of a
particular locality or geographical region (Samuel and Agyei, 2006).
Their main role is to ensure the preservation of historically significant
items along with the conserving the natural beauty of the country
(Moulin, 2000). Further, these organizations are also responsible for
protecting the environmental and cultural treasures of a peculiar area.
Moreover, the archaeological monuments and historical things are
conserved in efficient and effective manner. Further, this National
Trust generally works at the national level and is majorly responsible
for promoting the cultural heritage and tourism at global level.
English Heritage English Heritage is considered as a registered
charity trust that generally looks after the National Heritage Collection
of the nation. This trust usually comprises more than 400 historic
buildings, monuments, etc. Further, it is a type of public organization
of British Government which works for the security of the natural
environment of England. Moreover, the major emphasis is paid on
ensuring the safety to ancient monuments and also planning of
different promotional messages so that visitors are attracted towards it.
It is also evident that English Heritage is very renowned and highly
acclaimed heritage across the world (Timothy, 2011). Stonehenge in
England is one of the most famous sites which is a part of the English
Heritage only. Mentioned organization takes all the fund from the UK
government and give their effective contribution in order to increase
the natural beauty of the country.
broadcasting
and
internet.
Mentioned
department
having
TASK 4
4.1 Evaluating methods and media used for interpretation within the
heritage and cultural industry for tourists
While visiting to any museum or heritage sites, it is essential to
interpret the actual information about the places and things. Also, it is
essential for spreading awareness related to cultural and historical sites
which aids in gaining support to safeguard the same. In this context,
different sort of media and methods are used by organizations so that they
can understand the meaning of varied things (Weiler, 1999). In this,
interpretations are required at three different stage within the context of
heritage and cultural industry. These are enumerated below:
Before Arrival: At this stage, visitors can be attracted by posting
images, videos and blog post at different platform such as social media,
own websites, countrys website and other related sources (Youell,
2000). This helps in developing interest among visitors.
At the time of Arrival: Here, physical broachers and posters can be
circulated among visitors in which information of key attraction are
enclosed. It acts as a mode of communication to large set of visitors.
After the Visits: Toys, gift item, images and prototype can be
circulated or sell to visitors so that they can take memories back to
their country or places. It helps in gaining attention from other people
as well and hence inbound tourism gets increased.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is clearly inferred that that conversation and
preservation of heritage is important in having economic growth of the
country. Further, in the present situation, tourism is generally taking a new
phase and for this, culture and heritage are playing its crucial role. Further,
this report shows that mentioned country is able to attract visitors towards it
and this is the only reason which lead to the rise in GDP of the country. This
report also emphasis on develop different types of ownership in the tourism
sector so that better development can be attained. In this context,
partnership can be of public, private and independent charitable associations
that aids in gaining significant support for preserving the culture.
REFERENCES
Journals and Books
Balmer, T. M.J., 2013. Corporate heritage, corporate heritage marketing,
and total corporate heritage communications: What are they? What of
them?. Corporate Communications: An International Journal.
Barr, and Herv., 2002. Heritage Policies and International Perspectives:
Cultural Tourism and Sustainable Development. Museum International.
Boniface, B.C. and Cooper, C.P. 2009. Worldwide destinations. 5th ed.
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Cardoso, C. And Ferreira, L., 2000. The effects of European economic
integration on tourism: challenges and opportunities for Portuguese
tourism development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality
Management.
George, E., 2010. Intangible cultural heritage, ownership, copyrights, and
tourism.
International
Journal
of
Culture,
Tourism
and
Hospitality
Research.
Grimwade, G. and Carter, B., 2000. Managing small heritage sites with
interpretation and Community involvement. International journal of
heritage studies.
Online
Natural History Museum, London. 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London>.
The British Museum's top five masterpieces. 2015. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10573788/TheBritish-Museums-top-five-masterpieces.html>.
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