Lutheranism

Calvinism

Anabapticism

Anglicanism

Martin Luther

John Calvin (born in

France)
Geneva
The Institutes of the
Christian Religion (1536)

Thomas Munzer and John

of Leyden.

King Henry VIII

Germany
95 theses (door of
Wittenburg church) in
1517
Salvation through faith
alone (performing good
works, participating in
ecclesiastical rituals and
receiving the sacraments
would not avail)

Only valid source of

Christian doctrine is the
Bible (he rejected Roman
Catholic view that
Christian doctrine was
revealed both in Bible and
in traditions of the Church,
as defined by the councils
of the church and the
pope)
Questioned:
Sale of indulgences

Doctrine of salvation by
election , often called
predestination. According
to the doctrine , God had
planned the whole
universe to the end of
time. Those destined for
salvation were known as
the elect.
Only valid source of
Christian doctrine is the
Bible

England
State controlled Church of
England known as
Anglican church.
Parliament passed Act of
Supremacy in 1534 which
declared the king, rather
than the pope, to be head
of the English church.
While England thus
rejected papal supremacy,
the English Church under
Henry VIII remained
fundamentally Catholic in
its doctrine and practice.
In 1539, Parliament
approved the Six Articles,
defining the doctrine of
the English Church. On all
major points, except papal
supremacy, the Six
Articles reaffirmed Catholic
teaching and rejected
protestant belief.

Christian church was not

so much a formal
organization as the whole
body of the Christian
faithful.

Calvinist worship consisted

of prayers, singing of
psalms, scripture reading
and a sermon. Churches
were governed by laymen
called elders, who were
elected by the
congregation.
Only 2 sacraments
Only 2 sacraments
Rejection of infant
baptism and holy
baptism and holy
baptism. Insisting that the
communion. Rejected
communion.
only real Christians were
Catholic teaching that
those who had undergone
there were 7 sacraments
a conversion experience
and had been baptised.
Abolished monasteries and Abolished monasteries and
ended requirement for
ended requirement for
celibacy of the clergy
celibacy of the clergy

German translation of the

new testament

Peasants revolt luther

supported princes (luther
was a radical on religious
issues but a conservative

Opposed close relationship

between religious and
political authorities.
Believed that the church
should be entirely
separate from the state.
Puritanical approach to
life; renunciation of
worldly pleasure. In
addition to requiring

Anabaptists active in
peasants revolt.

Dissolved monasteries
through an act of
Parliament. The king, who
needed money, sold most
of the monastic lands to
wealthy Englishmen.
King Henry VIII wanted to
secure an annulment of
his marriage to Catherine
of Aragon. He wanted to
marry Anne Boleyn. Since
the Pope did not agree to
this Henry VIII passed the
Act of Supremacy.

on social and economic

/political issues)

Peace of Augsburg 1555

gave each German prince
the right to determine the
religion of his state.
(Catholic or Lutheranism)
North and East Germany
Lutheranism (also spread
to Scandinavia, Denmark,
Norway, Sweden Estonia,
Latvia, Baltic area of
Finland)
Southern Germany,
Silesia, Rhineland in the
west Roman Catholic

church attendance,
Calvinist puritanism
banned card playing,
gambling, dancing,
theatregoing, consumption
of alcohol. Violators
suffered severe
punishment.
Not very successful

Switzerland,
French Calvinists
Huguenots
Scotland (John Knox)
Presbyterians
Puritans in England
Dutch Netherlands

Western Germany