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Bio-climatic Architecture & Buildings

Aim:
To research on the concept of Bio-climatic Architecture and since there are alot of
buildings coming up in and around the city, without considering the fact of nature. It
is also to bring a balance in the nature.

Objectives:
The Bio-climatic Architecture provides us with an opportunity to reach optimal
human confortLow level energy consuption by employing quality, cost- efficient
mesures to general architecture components. Bioclimatic architecture increases the
comfort of a building in any season while reducing the need for heating, cooling,
lighting and ventilation, which in turn leads to an accentuated decrease in energy
costs. The implementation of these assumptions in a building does not involve
increased investment in construction nor the installation of specific domotic
systems.

Scope:

Energy Efficency

Healthy Human life

Renewable Resource

Idea of Affordablity

Human Confort

Material Efficency

Local Design
The above mentions are some of the objectives that can be achived by
carrying out the concept of Bio-climatic Architecture.

Challanges:

Energy Crisis

Energy Pollution

Green House Effects

Heat Climate Change

Urban Heat Island

Methodology
Bioclimatic architecture is an integrated architecture, adapted to its physical, socioeconomic and cultural environment. It is the kind of architecture that takes into
account the analysis of the climate and environmental characteristics where the
building is situated, promoting improved comfort and a education in energy
consumption.
Bio-climatic Architecture are divided into three categories

Passive solar heating systems

Passive natural cooling techniques and

Systems and day lighting techniques.

The adoption of strategies in the design of a bioclimatic building significantly


influence its performance in terms of thermal comfort and also leads to a reduction
in energy consumption. During the project and building deployment, several aspects
should be taken into account, such as:

- The local climate characteristics;


- The location that best fits its effective use in terms of human comfort;
- Technical factors associated with aspects like building orientation, the
orientation of glazed

faades, the building's shape, ventilation and air movements, the


environment (heat gains and
losses) and the internal and external temperatures;
- The effects of surrounding buildings in terms of sunlight and wind exposure;
- The solar radiation exposure during the year.

Description
Now days buildings consume a lot of the energy and cause damage to the resources
in the nature.
That is where the Bio-climatic architecture & buildings play a vital role. Building
such buildings reduces energy consumption and to achieve this sustainability we
have to fulfill the bio-climatic criteria.The aim of bio-climatic architecture is to
create urban areas and buildings that are designed in order to fully cover their
energy requirements without induce environmental damage.
Key elements of bioclimatic building design are passive systems, which are the
components of a building. Passive systems operate without mechanical parts or
additional power supply and naturally warm and cool buildings.
Location
Proper design of the site and the building permits utilization of solar radiation during
the cold season and protect the building from overheating by the sun during the hot
season. The suitable location of the building construction depends on the climate,
the direction of the winds, the presence of trees or other landscaping features, uses
and the internal layout of the building.

Reflectivity
In designing the exposed surface soil near the building, should take special care to
avoid the use of high-reflectivity materials (cement slabs, asphalt, etc.) and to
prefer vegetation with grass or other ground cover plant species which absorb a
significant proportion of incident solar radiation and heat.

Orientation
In summer, at the afternoon, the sun is still warm. The side of a building can be
made with small openings (side depends on the geographical location ), be blind or
be protected by appropriate shading (deciduous trees, plant hedges, etc.). The
choice of plant species, the size at maturity, the way of pruning and the exact
sitting of solar light trajectory is important for effective protection.Evergreen
vegetation layout can be designed, with a preference for trees with dense foliage in
combination with deciduous trees, in order to direct winter winds out of the building
while achieving cooling in summer.
Windbreaks
Besides structural materials, plant hedges can be used to control air flow. Shrubs,
trees, and the combination of fences with other materials can be used as
windbreaks, creating zones of relative calm on the leeward side. The open barriers,
such as trees and shrubs provide maximum reduction of wind speed in ratio of their
height. The size and shape of the barrier significantly affect the effectiveness of
protection. The thinner the element of protection is; the greater the protected zone
will be on the leeward side. A key element of the obstacles is the density. Full
windbreaks provide an area of calm, but only very close to them, due to the fact
that after the obstacle, the wind quickly regains its characteristics. Open windbreaks
that consist of trees and shrubs are crossing a part of the wind, which reduces
turbulence and create a broader zone of calm.Analyzes, using simulation programs,
give certain features windbreak for best results both in terms of percentage
reduction in wind and length of a protected area.

Green roofs
By the term green roof is meant a loft that has been converted into a garden,
which is grown in controlled conditions with environmental, energy and economic
benefits. By implementing a green roof on the roof of a building reduces
significantly the cost of heating the building, because the multi layered stratification
reduces heat loss, depending on its thickness. Vegetation as well, acts as extra
insulation depending on the coverage and density of foliage. Simultaneously
reduces cooling costs by saving energy, as the temperature inside the building
during the summer months, may be kept up to 10-15 degrees below the outside.
Implementing green roofs at the urban web, improves the balance of the ecosystem
within cities, creating an excellent micro-climate and absorbs a large amount of
dust and pollutants. Through photosynthesis, plants produce more oxygen in the
atmosphere and reduce carbon dioxide. In this way, the wider ecosystem enhances
by helping reduce the "Heat island" phenomenon and the "Greenhouse effect.
Some additional benefits of green roofs are the relief of the sewerage network, the
protection of the insulation from mechanical stresses and temperature changes, the
aesthetic improvement, the increase of functional areas, the possibility of farming
into the urban web, the improved quality of life and the protection of the
ecosystem.

Shades
By the proper design and location of a pergola or other shading systems with
automation, can be achieved the protection of the building from overheating during
the summer.The choice of bioclimatic design for the building and its surroundings
can likely increase the total construction cost, but that can be depreciated by the

limited use of units of conventional heating and air conditioning units. Furthermore,
the indicators of fertility and living standards will be optimized.

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