Duke University

MEM Consulting Team

FMD-Energy Project
Scheduling of the project:
The Project kicked off on September 22 with a meeting with Casey Collins from Duke FMD. After getting to know the deliverable, we decided to create an energy
model for Law Building which would showcase energy savings and cost savings.
Our first activity was identifying the variables based on which we would be creating the model. These were type of lightings, wattage, operational hours, number of
lights, purchase cost, labor cost and consumption (in kWh). We met Catherine Hall from Duke Law building operations team to get an idea of the operational hours
and types of lights in the building.
After initial meetings with Duke Law operations team, we got Access to the blueprint which contained details about types and number of lights. We used that data to
prepare a model and rechecked it by physically auditing the building. Based on above work, analysis was done and findings were presented. Further, Breakeven analysis
was done using LED lights information provided by Duke FMD.

Activity

September
week 39

October

week 40

week 41

week 42

Identified Variables
Met with Operations Team
Evaluated Blueprint Data
Conducted Physical Audit of Law
School
Created Energy Model
Analyzed and Presented Findings
Proposed Recommendations

Figure 1: Project Gantt Chart

November, 2015

week 43

November
week 44

week 45

week 46

week 47

Master Sheet
We started off by preparing a scalable Energy Model by utilizing all the data provided from Duke FMD, Duke Law building and our research. We populated the sheet
with all the information we had regarding the lightings and their consumption within the building. We have 3 variables Type of lighting, Number of lighting, and
operational hours for the lighting. These are the fields which are to be edited as per the different rooms and areas within the building and the sheet automatically
populates all the data. These fields have been highlighted with yellow on the sheet.
After these 3 variables are entered, the model calculates the energy consumption per week, energy consumption per year, total cost of energy consumed and total costs
which includes the installation and maintenance costs. This helps us to analyze what is the total amount of energy consumed and what is the total cost of energy
consumption for lightings in the building.
We build on this sheet to analyze what will be the total energy savings and the total dollar savings, in case we decided to turn off the lightings in some parts of the
building when not needed. This sheet has variables to be entered by the user 1. Area for which the lightings will be turned off 2. Number of hours in a week that that
lights will be off. 3. Number of months the lights are intended to be follow this Schedule. The output is provided in terms of amount of energy saved and amount of
dollars saved by turning off the lights.
Assumptions and approach to build the model:
To build our model, we assumed the following:
- Number of hours per week lights are on: as areas have a motion sensor for switches, we assume that the time during when lights are on matches operational
hours on average. If some switches have a 2-hour delay before switching off, we took that into account too, adding two hours each day
- Blue print provided by Law buildings staff may be incomplete but we assumed them to be accurate for the lights represented (and double checked this
assumption during our physical audit of the building)
- The team physically audited the building to count the number of lights in the missing areas on the blueprints
- When physically auditing the building, we needed to identify the reference of the lights. We used the lights that are on the blueprint to see what they looked like
and then identified the lights in the missing parts based on that knowledge
- We noticed a pattern in the building: some lights are never on because the building is over lighted. Thus, we decided to introduce a lighting load that we set
at 100% so far. We think that going into the building on one day and trying to set a new load factor is not accurate because what we saw at that time may not
be representative. Thus, we decided to let it be set by anyone that has a good knowledge of the building, such as Chip.

November, 2015

Recommendations on Actual Lighting:

After reviewing all the data we managed to gather, we decided first to assess the effect of switching the lights off for certain areas, during certain times. Our results are
stored under the Recommendation tab.
First of all, just for completeness purpose, we decided to rank all the lights from the most energy-consuming to the less one. We kept only the lights with more than
300kWh consumption per week and assumed to turn them off from 1am to 5am, every day. Such an initiative can save 5,244 dollars a year.
Our strategy now is to assess costs saved with turning off the lights both in the library and star commons, which are on 24/7 so far. Assuming that we would turn all
the lights off 4 hours per day (24 hours), we can save $5,282 in the library and another $1,492 in star commons, each year.
The following chart gives more detail on the savings for each type of bulb, for the library area:

November, 2015

Location

Library
Area

1st

Library
Area

2nd

Library
Offices &
Conferen
ce Room,
3201 3222

3rd

Library

4th

Bulb
A
A1
V
E
E2
E1
FF
L
PP
D1
J
SS
A
A1
V
E
E2
E1
FF
L
PP
D1
J
SS
A
A1
C1
C1
D
D1
G
G1
H
HH
JJ
BB
A
A1
C1
G
D
D1
E

kWh/week Turn off/day

Savings/year
1638
4 $ 1 027,79
314
4 $ 197,34
52
4 $ 32,68
11
4 $ 7,21
13
4 $ 8,43
1
4 $ 0,80
11
4 $ 6,75
30
4 $ 18,97
17
4 $ 10,96
81
4 $ 50,60
1177
4 $ 738,74
34
4 $ 21,08
1638
4 $ 1 027,79
328
4 $ 205,56
52
4 $ 32,68
11
4 $ 7,21
13
4 $ 8,43
1
4 $ 0,80
11
4 $ 6,75
30
4 $ 18,97
17
4 $ 10,96
81
4 $ 50,60
1177
4 $ 738,74
34
4 $ 21,08
36,309
4 $ 22,78
34,048
4 $ 21,36
306,432
4 $ 192,28
143,64
4 $ 90,13
39,9
4 $ 25,04
125,685
4 $ 78,86
9,31
4 $ 5,84
37,24
4 $ 23,37
30,2575
4 $ 18,99
25,6025
4 $ 16,06
7,98
4 $ 5,01
123,48
4 $ 77,48
104,832
4 $ 65,78
75,264
4 $ 47,23
235,2
4 $ 147,58
241,92
4 $ 151,80
40,32
4 $ 25,30
8,9376
4 $ 5,61
17,28
4 $ 10,84
$ 5 282,27

Figure 2: savings made with team recommendations for the Library area
November, 2015

Final Recommendations
Nominal
Per-Unit
Lamp Lumens Fixture Cost

Recommended LED Option

S. No.

Symbol
1

1
2

A/A1/A2/A3 HE Williams DIG-S24-L50/830

Oxygen 3-6110-24-120
D/D1

G/G1

C/C1

HD

Gotham EVO-R-30/25-GAR-MDLS
Gotham EVO-R-30/25-GAR-MDLS
Focal Point FARL-24-AC-6000LH30K-1C-120-xxxx
Indy S2X4BO-65-30-U-WH-3-xxx

November, 2015

Input
2
Wattage (W)
50 Cree CR22-32L-30K-xx
HE Williams RNDS-2-L25/83011 FXA-xxxxx

Input
3
Wattage (W)
34.65 Lithonia 2VTL-40L-ADP
Focal Point FSDL-22-CX3000L-30K-1C-120-xxx

Per-Unit
Labor Cost

Input
Wattage (W)
38.98

4000

$200.00

$175.00

46.4

3000

$230.00

$100.00

29.5 Indy LRT6-28-30-1-G3-90

37

2400

$320.00

$200.00

29.5 Indy LRT6-28-30-1-G3-90

37

2400

$320.00

$200.00

55

5800

$250.00

$175.00

8800

$325.00

$175.00

52 Lithonia 2VTL4-60L-ADPT-xxx
Oracle 24-OT-LED-8000L-x-x65 30K-85-A19-xx

TCP Lighting TCP-TRP-4-UNI90 x-8000-30K

89

Break-Even Analysis
Based on the number of lights, the total consumption and the type of fixtures, FMD recommended three types of lights to replace the existing ones. We created a
break-even analysis in order to estimate the pay-back period.

Symbol

No. of Lights

A/A1/A2/A3
D/D1
G/G1
H
C/C1
HD

Replacement
Options

751
102
170
45
87
127

No. of Lights

Cree CR22-32L30K-xx
Oxygen 3-611024-120
Gotham EVO-R30/25-GAR-MDLS
Gotham EVO-R30/25-GAR-MDLS
Focal Point
FARL-24-AC6000LH-30K-1C120-xxxx
Indy S2X4BO-6530-U-WH-3-xxx

Energy Input
(Watts)
78
60
35
35
64
120

Energy Input
(Watts)

Lumens
3510
2700
1575
1575
2880
5400

Nominal Lamp
Lumens

Operational Hours
per Week

Energy Cost per

Week

Energy Cost per

Month

Per Unit
Fixture Cost

Per Unit
Total Replacement
Installation Cost
Cost

751

34.65

4000

1797.5

$4,509.32

$200.00

$175.00

$281,625.00

102

11

3000

1141

$908.69

$230.00

$100.00

$33,660.00

170

29.5

2400

973

$2,078.13

$320.00

$200.00

$88,400.00

45

29.5

2400

402.5

$859.66

$320.00

$200.00

$23,400.00

87

52

5800

301

$1,133.20

$250.00

$175.00

$36,975.00

127

65

8800

546.5

$2,571.83
$12,060.84

$325.00

$175.00

$63,500.00
$527,560.00

Total

November, 2015

Operational Hours
Energy Cost per Energy Cost per
per Week
Week
Month
1797.5
$10,150.84
1141
$4,956.50
973
$2,465.58
402.5
$1,019.94
301
$1,394.71
546.5
$4,747.99
$24,735.57
$98,942.27

$48,243.34

Energy Cost per Month

Fluorescent
LED
Total Replacement Cost Break-Even (Months)
$98,942.27
$48,243.34
$527,560.00
10.4

Break-Even Analysis (Taking into account Lumens)

Fluorescent
Lamp Lumens

LED
Lamp
Lumens

3510
2700
1575
1575
2880
5400

4000
3000
2400
2400
5800
8800

Ratio
0.88
0.90
0.66
0.66
0.50
0.61

No. of
Fluorescent
Lights
751
102
170
45
87
127

No. of LED
Lights
Required
659
92
112
30
43
78

Energy Input
(Watts)

Operational
Energy Cost
Hours per
per Week
Week

34.65
11
29.5
29.5
52
65

Energy Cost per Month

Fluorescent
LED
Total Replacement Cost Break-Even (Months)
$98,942.27
$35,374.15
$408,114.60
6.4

November, 2015

1797.5
1141
973
402.5
301
546.5

$3,956.93
$817.82
$1,363.78
$564.15
$562.69
$1,578.17
$8,843.54

Energy Cost
per Month

Per Unit
Fixture Cost
$200.00
$230.00
$320.00
$320.00
$250.00
$325.00

$35,374.15

Per Unit
Installation
Cost
$175.00
$100.00
$200.00
$200.00
$175.00
$175.00

Total
Replacement
Cost
$247,125.94
$30,294.00
$58,012.50
$15,356.25
$18,360.00
$38,965.91
$408,114.60