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Client / server
network
Peer to peer
Ethernet
Network standard that specify no central computer or
device on network should control when data can be
transmitted
Each node attempt to transmit data when it determine
the network available to receive communications
guideline for physical configuration of network e.g.
cabling , network device , nodes
Most popular network standard for LAN because it
restive cheap and easy to install, or maintain
Token ringtones
Standard specify that computer and device on the
network share or pass a special signal called token in
unidirectional manner
Token is special series bits that function like ticket
Guideline for physical configuration of network e.g.
cabling , network card and device
TCP /IP
Network protocol that define how message are routed
from one end of network to the other , ensure data
arrive correctly
Describe rules for dividing message into small pieces
called packet , providing address for each packet ,
checking for and detect error , sequencing packet and
regulating the flow of message along network
Packet switching process of breaking the message
into packet, send packet along best route then
reassembly
How communication standard might work together :
1) Using browser you request webpage on web
2) Your computer uses TCP/IP standard to establish
connection with the web server that stores requested
webpage divide into packet provide address. Router
send the packet over internet from web server
3) The Ethernet standard control how device share access
to the media how device transmit data
Wi-Fi
Can communicate via radio wave with other computer
or using Wi-Fi which identify any network based on
standard
Developed by IEEE on how series on network that
specify two wireless device communicate over the sir it
each other
Referred to the wireless Ethernet because it has similar
technique to specify how physically they work
When Wi-Fi network access internet , it work with
TCP /IP
Identify any network based on the 802.11 standard that
facilitate wireless communication
Hot spot offer the mobile user the ability to connect to
the internet with their Wi-Fi enable wireless computer
and device
To obtain communication at the maximum distance you
need another hardware to strengthen it
LTE
Long term evolution is network that define high speed
cellular transmission use broadcast radio to transmit
data for mobile communication
Downstream rate receiving data
Upstream data sending data
Based on TCP /IP , LTE support data, messaging l
voice , video transmission
Bluetooth
Network protocol that define how two Bluetooth device
use short range radio wave to transmit data
The data transfer at rate 3Mbps
Often must be at 33feet but can be extended 325 feet
Contain small chip that allow it to communicate with
other Bluetooth device
For device not Bluetooth can buy Bluetooth wireless
port adapter that will convert exist USb port into
Bluetooth port
Advantage use Bluetooth
Using Bluetooth technology is freedom
Typically use low processing power and use little
energy so it will not drain battery
Bluetooth connection have low security risk
Bluetooth technology is standardized globally which
means you can connect with any phone,
UWB
Ultra wideband network standard that specify how two
UWB device use short range of radio wave to
communicate at high per with each other
At distance 33feet data transfer rate is 110Mbps
At closer distance ugh as 4.5feet , data transfer
480Mbps
Best suited for transmission of large files such as video
l graphics and audio
Uses of UWB is locating and tracking inventory
equipment or personnel
IrDA
Example remote control television to transmit data
wirelessly to each other via infrared light waves
The device transfer at rate 115Mbps
RFID
Radio frequency identification protocol that defines how
a network uses rail signal to communicate with tag
places in or attached to an object, animal, person.
The tag called transponder consist of antenna and
memory chip that contain information to be transmit via
radio waves
Through antenna , RFID also known as transreceiver
read the radio signal and transfer information to
computer
NFC
Near field communication protocol based on RFID that
define how network uses close range radio signal to
communicate between two device or object equipped
with NFC technology
Example smartphone , digital camera , credit card
NFC tag chip that can store small amount of data
For successful communication , the device or object
touch ae placed within inch
for example you can touch two NFC enabled phone
together to transfer contact, display map , near parking
metre to pay for parking
Cable
CATV network provide high speed internet connection
called cable internet service
Signal enter building through single line usually coaxial
cable this cable connect to modem which typically
attach to compute via Ethernet cable
ISDN
Integrated service digital network is set of standard for
digital transmission of data over standard copper phone
lines
With ISDN , same computer can carry three or more
signal at once through same line using technique
multiplexing
FTTP
Fiver to premises use fibre optic cable to provide
extremely high speed internet access to a user physical
permanent location
FTTf provide home user with internet access via
fibre optic cable
FTTb refer to small business that use fibre optic
cable to access the internet
Tcarrier
ATM
Service that carry voice ,data, video and media at very
high speed
Phone network , internet and other network with large
amount of traffic use ATM
1.8 Communication device
Any type of hardware capable of transmitting data,
instruction, and information between sending and
receiving device
1.9 Digital modem : cable , DSL , ISDN
Digital modem is a type of communication that sends
device and receive data to and from digital line
Cable modem
DSL modem
ISDN
2.2 routers
Communication device that connect multiple computer
or other routers together and transmits data to its
correct destination on network
Router can be used on network of any size
For small business router allow multiple computer and
mobile device to share single broadband internet
connection such as cable modem or DSl mod,
Wireless router device that perform function of a
router and also wireless access point
Broadband router device that perform the function of
a router and also broadband modem
Broadband wireless router device that perform
function of router a wireless access point and cable or
DSL modem
Mobile broadband wireless router device that perform
functioned router, a wireless modem. Use Mathis to
create hotspot
2.3 Network card
Communication device that enable computer or device that
does not have built in networking capability to access
internet
Coordinate transmission and receipt of data,
instruction Andy information to hand from computer o
device contain network cards
Network card for desktop is an adapter card
A network cards for mobile computer is in the form USB
adapter
2.4 hubs and switches
Device that provide a central point for cables in a network
Infrared
Physical transmission media
Consist one or more twisted pair wires
Twisted pair
bundle together
cable
Echo twisted pair wire consist f separate
insulated copper ire that are twisted
together
Wire twisted to reduce noise (electrical
disturbance that cm degrade
communication)
Single copper wire surrounded by at least
Coaxial cable
3 layers : insulating material , woven or
braided metal , plastic outer coating
Long distance than twisted par
Consist of dozens or hundreds of thin
Fibre optic
strand of glass or plastic that use light to
cable
transmit signal
Inside fibre optic cable n insulating glass
cladding and a protective surround each
optical fibre
Advantage fibre optic
Capability of carrying signifies more than wire cables
Faster data transmission
Less susceptible to noise from other device such as
copy machine
Better security for signal during transmission because
they are less susceptible to noise
Smaller size
Disadvantage fibre optic cable
Difficult to install or modify
Expensive
Wireless transmission media
Wireless transmission media that sends
signal using infrared light waves
Broadcast
radio
Cellular
radio
Microwave
Communica
tion satellite
station (downlink)
Example GPs , air navigation
GPs is a navigation system that consist
of one or more earth based receiver that
accept and analyse signal sent by
satellite in order to determine the