Baylis,, Smith and

d Owens: T
The Globa
alization of World Pol itics 6e
Re
evision guiide
hapter 32: Globalization and tthe transfo
ormation of
o politicaal commun
nity
Ch

embers of a political community

c
y are comm
mitted to se
elf-rule.
Me

Anticipating major
m
war, states havve long aim
med to pers
suade citizzens that obligations
o
to tthe nation
nal community overri de duties to
t other as
ssociationss.

Totalitarian powers
p
end
deavoured to make th
he politicall communitty absolute
e. Liberaldemocratic states recog
gnize that citizens va
alue memb
bership of m
many communities
ongside the
e nation-sta
ate.
alo

Ma
any liberalss have argued that ecconomic globalization ushers inn a new erra of
pea
ace between the majjor industriial powers.

ealists have
e argued th
hat the wa
ar on terrorr and the renewed
r
rissk of nucle
ear
Re
pro
oliferation show
s
that globalizatio
g
on has nott altered the basic feaatures of world
w
politics.

ost forms of
o political community
c
y in human
n history ha
ave not reppresented the
t nation
Mo
or the people
e.

The idea thatt the state should rep

present the
e nation is a Europeaan invention that has
dominated po
olitics for ju
ust over tw
wo centurie
es.

Wa
ar and indu
ustrial capitalism are two reaso
ons why the
e nation-staate becam
me the
dominant pollitical comm
munity.

The extraordinary powe

er of mode
ern states
the growtth of their intensive and
exxtensive po
ower made
e global em
mpires pos
ssible.

Sta
ates have been
b
the principal
p
arrchitects off global inte
erconnecteedness ove
er the last
five
e centuriess.

The global sp
pread of European co
onceptions
s of the sta
ate and nattionalism are
a
deffining featu
ures of the modern in
nterconnec
cted era.

Oxford Universityy Press, 2014.

Baylis,, Smith and

d Owens: T
The Globa
alization of World Pol itics 6e
Re
evision guiide

esponse to the growin

ng power oof modern states.
Cittizenship riights developed in re

The demand to be reco

ognized as a free and
d equal citizen begann with strug
ggles for
leg
gal and political rights
s, to which welfare rig
ghts were added in thhe late nineteenth
and
d early twe
entieth cen
nturies.

The stability of modern forms of p

political com
mmunity has owed m
much to the
e fact that
citizens won those rights.

Mo
odernizatio
on theory assumed th
hat Third World
W
socie
eties wouldd emulate Western
W
eco
onomic and political developme
ent.

ages of an
n emerging
g clash of ccivilizations
s contest the
t idea thhat globaliz
zation will
Ima
ressult in a consensus about
a
the ssuperiority of
o Western
n values.

Glo
obalization
n and fragm
mentation a
are interrellated phenomena thaat challeng
ge
traditional conceptions of commu nity and citizenship.

hnic fragmentation is one reaso

on for failed
d states in Europe annd in the Third
T
Eth
Wo
orld, but de
emands for the recog
gnition of cultural
c
diffe
erences exxist in all political
com
mmunities.

So
ome globaliization theorists defe
end cosmopolitan dem
mocracy o n the grounds that
nattional dem
mocracies cannot
c
makke global in
nstitutions and assocciations accountable
to ttheir citizens.

Important debates exist between those who

o maintain that citizennship will remain
r
nattional and those who
o regard wo
orld citizen
nship as crucial for addapting to an
inccreasingly interconne
i
ected world
d.

The apex of nationalism

n
m in relatio
ons betwee
en the grea
at powers ooccurred in
n the first
half of the tw
wentieth cen
ntury.

Na
ationalism remains
r
a powerful fo
orce in the
e modern world,
w
but gglobalizatio
on and

Oxford Universityy Press, 2014.

Baylis,, Smith and

d Owens: T
The Globa
alization of World Pol itics 6e
Re
evision guiide
fragmentation
n have led to importa
ant debates about the
e nature off political community
c
and
d about the
e principles that shou
uld govern the patterrns of interc
rconnected
dness.

osmopolitan
n approach
hes that en
nvisage an
n international order i n which all
Co
ind
dividuals arre respecte
ed as equa
als have flo
ourished in
n the conteemporary phase
p
of
glo
obalization.

ealists emp
phasize the
e obstacless that stand
d in the wa
ay of new fforms of po
olitical
Re
com
mmunity.

oststructura
alists and feminists
f
a rgue that attempts
a
to
o create moore cosmo
opolitan
Po
arrrangementts may replicate form
ms of powerr and domiination thaat are simila
ar to
tho
ose in existting nation-states.

Oxford Universityy Press, 2014.