3/9/2015 TypicalACPowerSupplysystem(Generation,TransmissionandDistribution)schemeandElementsofDistributionSystem(acompletenoteWithDiagr

Typical AC Power Supply system (Generation, Transmission and

Distribution) scheme and Elements of Distribution System (a
complete note With Diagrams)

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TypicalACPowerSupplysystemscheme
ThelinesnetworkbetweenGeneratingStation(PowerStation)andconsumerofelectricpowercanbedividedintotwoparts.
TransmissionSystem

DistributionSystem
WecanexplorethesesystemsinmorecategoriessuchasPrimarytransmissionandsecondarytransmission.Similarlyprimary
distributionandsecondarydistribution.Thisisshowninthebelowimage(OneLineorSingleLinediagramofTypicalACpowerSystem
Scheme)
Itisnotnecessarythattheentirestepswhicharesownintheaboveimagemustbeincludedintheotherpowerschemes.Theremay
bedifference.Forexample,thereisnosecondarytransmissioninmanyschemes,insome(small)schemesthereisnotransmission,
butonlydistribution.
Thefollowingpartsareshowninfigure1.

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3/9/2015 TypicalACPowerSupplysystem(Generation,TransmissionandDistribution)schemeandElementsofDistributionSystem(acompletenoteWithDiagr

Delta Connection (

): 3 Phase

Power, Voltage & Current Values

GeneratingStation
Primarytransmission
Secondarytransmission
PrimaryDistribution
SecondaryDistribution
Followingisdetailoftheabovesections
GeneratingStation:
Theplacewhereelectricpowerproducedbyparallelconnectedthreephasealternators/generatorsiscalledGeneratingStation.The
Ordinarygeneratingvoltagemaybe11kV,11.5kV12kVor13kV.Buteconomically,itisgoodtostepuptheproducedvoltagefrom
(11kV,11.5kVOr12kV)to132kV,220kVor500kVorgreater(insomecountries,upto1500kV)byStepuptransformer(power
Transformer).
PrimaryTransmission:
Theelectricsupply(in132kV,220kV,500kVorgreater)istransmittoloadcenterbythreephasethreewireoverheadtransmission
system.
Secondarytransmission:
Areafarfromcity(outskirts)whichhaveconnectedwithreceivingstationbylineiscalledSecondarytransmission.Atreceivingstation,
thelevelofvoltagereducedbystepdowntransformersupto132kV,66or33kV,andElectricpoweristransmitbythreephasethree
wireoverheadsystemtodifferentsubstations.SothisisaSecondaryTransmission.
PrimaryDistribution:
Atasubstation,thelevelofsecondarytransmissionvoltage(132kV,66or33kV)reducedto11kVbystepdowntransforms.
generally,electricsupplyisgiventothoseheavyconsumerwhichdemandsis11kV,fromtheselineswhichcaries11kV(inthree
phasethreewireoverheadsystem)andtheymakeaseparatesubstationtocontrolandutilizethispower.
inothercases,forheavierconsumer(atlargescale)theirdemandisabout132kVor33kV.theytakeelectricsupplyfromsecondary
transmissionorprimarydistribution(in132kV,66kVor33kV)andthenstepdownthelevelofvoltagebystepdowntransformersin
theirownsubstationforutilization(i.e.forelectrictractionetc).
SecondaryDistribution:
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3/9/2015 TypicalACPowerSupplysystem(Generation,TransmissionandDistribution)schemeandElementsofDistributionSystem(acompletenoteWithDiagr

Electricpowerisgivenby(fromPrimarydistributionlinei.e.11kV)todistributionsubstation.Thissubstationislocatednearby
consumersareaswherethelevelofvoltagereducedbystepdowntransformers440VbyStepdowntransformers.Thesetransformers
calledDistributiontransformers,threephasefourwiresystem).Sothereis400Volts(ThreePhaseSupplySystem)betweenanytwo
phasesand230Volts(SinglePhaseSupply)betweenaneutralandphase(live)wires.Residentialload(i.e.Fans,Lights,andTVetc)
maybeconnectedbetweenanyonephaseandneutralwires,whilethreephaseloadmaybeconnecteddirectlytothethreephase
lines.

ElementsofDistributionSystem
Secondarydistributionmaybedividedintothreeparts
Feeders
Distributors
ServiceLinesorServiceMains

Feeders:
ThoseElectriclineswhichconnectGeneratingstation(powerstation)orSubStationtodistributorsarecalledfeeders.
Rememberthatcurrentinfeeders(ineachpoint)isconstantwhilethelevelofvoltagemaybedifferentthecurrentflowinginthe
feedersdependsonthesizeofconductor.
Fig2.
Distributors:
Thosetapingwhichextractedforsupplyofelectricpowertotheconsumersorthoselines,fromwhereconsumersgetelectricsupplyis
calleddistributors.
Asshowninfig2.Currentisdifferentineachsectionofthedistributorswhilevoltagemaybesame.Theselectionofdistributors
dependsonvoltagedropandmaybedesignaccordingvoltagedrop.Itisbecauseconsumersgettheratedvoltageaccordingrules.
NOTE:themaindifferencebetweenFeederandDistributoristhatCurrentinFeederissame(ineachsection)intheotherhand,
VoltageissameineachsectionofDistributor
ServiceLinesorServiceMains:
TheNormalcablewhichisconnectedbetweenDistributorsandConsumerloadterminalcalledServiceLineorServiceMains.
HereisaacompleteTypicalACPowerSupplysystemscheme,inotherwords,theabovewholestoryinbelowimage.

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3/9/2015 TypicalACPowerSupplysystem(Generation,TransmissionandDistribution)schemeandElementsofDistributionSystem(acompletenoteWithDiagr

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